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ocide and describes how the minority group has been subject to enslavement torture rape enforced sterilisation and persecution victims have been forced to remain in stress positions for an extended period of time beaten deprived of food shackled and blindfolded it said the legal team stated that they had seen prolific credible evidence of sterilisation procedures carried out on women including forced abortions saying the human rights abuses clearly constitute a form of genocidal conduct 345 346 the opinion identified three chinese officials president xi chen quanguo and zhu hailun with whom the authors believed there was a plausible case that personal responsibility for the genocide lay 23 on 13 february 2021 the economist wrote that while china s treatment and persecution of uyghurs is horrific and a crime against humanity genocide is the wrong word for china s actions due to china not engaging in mass murder 347 according to a march 2021 new lines institute report that was written by over 50 global china genocide and international law experts 144 348 145 the chinese government breached every article in the genocide convention writing china s long established publicly and repeatedly declared specifically targeted systematically implemented and fully resourced policy and practice toward the uyghur group is inseparable from the intent to destroy in whole or in part the uyghur group as such 349 350 146 the report cited credible reports of mass deaths under the mass internment drive while uighur leaders were selectively sentenced to death or long term imprisonment uyghurs are suffering from systematic torture and cruel inhumane and degrading treatment including rape sexual abuse and public humiliation both inside and outside the camps the report stated the report argued that these policies are directly orchestrated by the highest levels of state including xi and the top officials of the chinese communist party in xinjiang 146 it also reported that the chinese government gave explicit orders to eradicate tumours wipe them out completely destroy them root and branch round up everyone and show absolutely no mercy in regards to uyghurs 146 145 and that camp guards reportedly follow orders to uphold the system in place until kazakhs uyghurs and other muslim nationalities would disappear until all muslim nationalities would be extinct 351 according to the report internment camps contain designated interrogation rooms where uyghur detainees are subjected to consistent and brutal torture methods including beatings with metal prods electric shocks and whips 352 in april 2021 human rights watch released a report labelling human rights abuses against uyghurs in xinjiang as crimes against humanity while acknowledging the genocide determinations made by various countries they also mentioned that they had not documented the existence of the necessary genocidal intent at this time but that nothing in this report precludes such a finding and if such evidence were to emerge the acts being committed against turkic muslims in xinjiang a group protected by the 1948 genocide convention could also support a finding of genocide 143 in june 2021 the canadian anthropology society issued a statement on xinjiang in which the organization stated expert testimony and witnessing and irrefutable evidence from the chinese government s own satellite imagery documents and eyewitness reports overwhelmingly confirms the scale of the genocide 353 in june 2021 the new york times and propublica published their analysis of over 3 000 videos concluding that after the january 2021 u s declaration that china was committing genocide in xinjiang the chinese government started an influence campaign featuring thousands of videos of chinese citizens denying genocide and abuses in xinjiang on twitter and youtube 354 in august 2022 the u s state department published a report prc efforts to manipulate global public opinion on xinjiang on the chinese government s global efforts to discredit independent sources that report ongoing genocide and crimes against humanity in xinjiang 355 356 in an article for ethnic and racial studies david tobin characterized china s actions as a genocide by attrition he wrote that china s actions against the uyghurs including sexual abuse mass internment and physical and mental torture were calculated to destroy the foundations of uyghur life language religion and inter generational cultural transmission resolving the ethnic problem through social death of turkic muslims 357 the uyghur tribunal a people s tribunal based in the united kingdom began to hold hearings in june 2021 to examine evidence in order to evaluate whether china s abuses against uyghurs constitute genocide under the genocide convention 358 359 360 the tribunal was chaired by geoffrey nice the lead prosecutor in the trial of slobodan milošević and chair of the previous china tribunal who announced the creation of the tribunal in september 2020 358 361 362 363 on 9 december 2021 the tribunal concluded that china has committed genocide against the uyghurs via birth control and sterilization measures 364 the tribunal also found evidence of crimes against humanity torture and sexual abuse 364 the tribunal s final determination does not legally bind any government to take action 360 365 academics steve tsang and olivia cheung wrote that their research found no evidence that xi jinping advocates genocide against uyghurs 366 tsang and cheung conclude that china s policies subordinate identity based on culture religion or minority language in an effort to establish a national identity based on han heritage language and xi jinping thought 366 crimes against humanity in june 2019 the china tribunal an independent judicial investigation into forced organ transplantation in china concluded that crimes against humanity had been committed beyond reasonable doubt against china s uyghur muslim and falun gong populations 367 368 the asia pacific centre for the responsibility to protect at the university of queensland concluded in november that evidence of atrocities in xinjiang likely meets the requirements of the following crimes against humanity persecution imprisonment enforced disappearance torture forced sterilisation and enslavement and that it is arguable that genocidal acts have occurred in xinjiang in particular acts of imposing measures to prevent births and forcible transfers 369 in december lawyers david matas and sarah teich wrote in toronto star that one distressing present day example of genocide is the atrocities faced by the uighur population in xinjiang china 370 in 2021 the u s state department s office of the legal advisor concluded that although the situation in xinjiang amounted to crimes against humanity there was insufficient evidence to prove genocide 32 in 2026 the office of the united nations high commissioner for human rights stated that china s policies toward the uyghurs contain coercive elements so severe that they may amount to forcible transfer and or enslavement as a crime against humanity 37 settler colonialism in addition to other classifications some academics and researchers have also termed the abuses as part of an ongoing project of han settler colonialism 371 view of discourse writing in 2023 academic and former uk diplomat kerry brown observes that the clash of labels between western and chinese discourse on the issue of xinjiang makes it nearly impossible to reach an empirical or neutral description of china s actions in xinjiang 372 according to american academic darren byler discourses about uyghurs in xinjiang typically revolve around uyghurs as either potential terrorists and resisters from the view of the chinese state or objects of pity to be rescued in western discourses with little focus on uyghurs as autonomous actors 372 china contends that the gaza war demonstrates the hypocrisy of western criticisms of china s treatment of uyghurs 373 according to this view if western countries were genuinely concerned about human rights they would focus instead on the negative humanitarian impact of israeli military operations in gaza 373 following a 2024 statement by u s secretary of state antony blinken which equated the suffering of muslims in xinjiang with the suffering of muslims in gaza the chinese foreign ministry responded there is no conflict in xinjiang but the conflict is in the gaza strip muslims in xinjiang are not suffering from hunger expulsion and killing but the millions of muslims in the gaza strip are suffering from hunger expulsion and killing the us should stop playing double standards on human rights 374 international responses further information international reactions to the persecution of uyghurs in china united nations protesters at the united nations with the flag of east turkestan the un high commissioner for human rights hchr began to discuss the possibility of a visit to xinjiang with china in order to examine the impact on human rights of its policies in september 2020 375 china has turned down multiple requests from the un hchr to investigate the region 376 in may 2022 un human rights high commissioner michelle bachelet visited xinjiang 377 in a statement released by the un bachelet said that she raised concerns in xinjiang about the broad application of counter terrorism and de radicalisation measures including their impacts on uyghurs and other muslim minorities and encouraged the government to review such policies to ensure they fully comply with international human rights standards 377 bachelet stated that while she was unable to investigate the full scale of the vocational educational and training centres vetc she raised with the chinese government concerns about the lack of independent judicial oversight for the program and said that the government provided assurances that the vetc system had been dismantled 377 u s rights advocates criticized bachelet s visit as a propaganda victory for beijing 378 with some calling for her to resign 379 on 31 august 2022 bachelet released the un human rights office report on xinjiang the report found that china s treatment of these groups may amount to crimes against humanity the report concludes that serious human rights violations have been committed in the province which the report attributes to china s application of counter terrorism and counter extremism strategies targeting uyghur muslims and other muslim minority groups the report also said that allegations of patterns of torture or ill treatment including forced medical treatment and adverse conditions of detention are credible as are allegations of individual incidents of sexual and gender based violence china opposed the release of the report and claimed that it is based on disinformation and lies 380 381 reactions by country in december 2020 a case brought to the international criminal court was dismissed because the crimes alleged appeared to have been committed solely by nationals of china within the territory of china a state which is not a party to the statute meaning the icc could not investigate them 30 in january 2021 the united states department of state declared china s actions as genocide 31 32 and legislatures in several countries have passed non binding motions doing the same including the house of commons of canada 341 the dutch parliament 342 the house of commons of the united kingdom 382 the seimas of lithuania 383 and the french national assembly 384 other parliaments such as those in new zealand 385 belgium 386 and the czech republic condemned the chinese government s treatment of uyghurs as severe human rights abuses or crimes against humanity 33 multinational corporations xinjiang boycott advert on nyu s campus in new york ny boycott xinjiang genocide products the proposed uyghur forced labor prevention act in 2020 to would require the u s president to impose sanctions on any foreign person who knowingly engages in forced labor of minority muslims and require firms to disclose their dealings with xinjiang 387 in response the president of the american apparel footwear association said that blanket import bans on cotton or other products from xinjiang from such legislation would wreak havoc on legitimate supply chains in the apparel industry because xinjiang cotton exports are often intermingled with cotton from other countries and there is no available origin tracing technology for cotton fibers 388 on 22 september 2020 the us chamber of commerce issued a letter stating that the act would prove ineffective and may hinder efforts to prevent human rights abuses 389 major companies with supply chain ties to xinjiang including apple inc nike inc and the coca cola company have lobbied congress to weaken the legislation and amend its provisions 390 uyghur human rights demonstration protest near the white house on 25 september 2015 2022 winter olympics diplomatic boycott main article concerns and controversies at the 2022 winter olympics in the aftermath of the 2019 leak of the xinjiang papers which made public chinese policies towards the uyghurs calls were made for a boycott of the 2022 winter olympics 391 in march 2021 the president of the international olympic committee thomas bach opposed a boycott which would also damage the ioc image and finances and said that the ioc must stay out of politics 392 australia belgium canada denmark kosovo lithuania taiwan the united kingdom and the united states announced diplomatic boycotts of the 2022 winter olympics 393 denial of abuses the abuses against the uyghurs and related ethnic groups have been denied by the chinese government as well as chinese citizens interviewed by the diplomat in 2021 394 the chinese government has conducted propaganda campaigns on social media to further denial of the abuses in 2021 the chinese government posted thousands of videos to social media showing residents of xinjiang denying claims of abuse made by mike pompeo a joint investigation by propublica and the new york times found the videos were part of an influence campaign coordinated by the ccp s central propaganda department 113 they have also used their existing disinformation networks including social media trolls to deny genocide and other human rights abuses against uyghurs 395 in 2020 chinese foreign ministry spokesperson wang wenbin in response to allegations that china had destroyed or damaged 16 000 mosques described the claims as slanderous rumors and stated that china had more than 24 000 mosques in xinjiang which is over 10 times more than in the us 268 in 2020 during an interview with andrew marr of the bbc the chinese ambassador to the uk liu xiaoming denied any abuse against uyghurs despite being shown drone footage of what appeared to be shackled uyghur and other minority ethnic prisoners being herded on to trains during a prison transfer the ambassador also blamed reports of forced sterilisations on some small group of anti china elements 396 in january 2...