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article is about a patriarch of a lebanese family for his grandson of the same name see pierre amine gemayel in this lebanese name the father s name is amine and the family name is gemayel this article needs more citations please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed find sources pierre gemayel news newspapers books scholar jstor october 2024 learn how and when to remove this message pierre gemayel بيار الجميّل gemayel in 1967 member of parliament for beirut in office 1960 1984 2nd president of the lebanese football association in office 1935 1939 preceded by hussein sejaan succeeded by farid ammoun personal details born 1905 11 06 6 november 1905 bikfaya beirut vilayet ottoman empire died 29 august 1984 1984 08 29 aged 78 bikfaya lebanon resting place bikfaya party kataeb party spouse genevieve gemayel children 6 children including bachir gemayel amine gemayel relatives grandsons pierre amine gemayel samy gemayel nadim gemayel education saint joseph university occupation pharmacist this article is part of a series on maronite politics people samir geagea émile eddé bechara el khoury alfred naqqache camille chamoun suleiman frangieh pierre gemayel bachir gemayel amine gemayel michel aoun gebran bassil families chamoun frangieh gemayel khazen moawad parties lebanese forces national bloc constitutional bloc kataeb national liberal marada movement free patriotic movement militias lebanese forces lebanese resistance kataeb regulatory forces tigers al tanzim guardians of the cedars related za im system lebanon portal v t e pierre amine gemayel also spelled jmayyel jemayyel or al jumayyil arabic بيار الجميّل 6 november 1905 29 august 1984 was a lebanese political leader a maronite catholic he is remembered as the founder of the kataeb party also known as the phalangist party as a parliamentary powerbroker and as the father of bachir gemayel and amine gemayel both of whom were elected to the presidency of the republic in his lifetime he opposed the french mandate over lebanon in the late 1930s and early 1940s and advocated an independent state free from foreign control 1 he was known for his deft political maneuvering which led him to take positions which were seen by supporters as pragmatic but by opponents as contradictory or even hypocritical although publicly sympathetic to the palestinian cause he later changed his position due to palestinian support of the lebanese national movement and its calls to end the national pact and establish non sectarian democracy gemayel also had a career in football in the 1930s captaining the lebanon national team as a player he also became the first lebanese football referee to officiate matches internationally and was the second president of the lebanese football association between 1935 and 1939 early life and education edit pierre gemayel was born on 6 november 1905 in bikfaya lebanon into a maronite family 2 his father amine bachir gemayel and his uncle were forced to flee to egypt after being sentenced to death in 1914 for opposing ottoman rule returning to lebanon only at the end of world war i citation needed gemayel was educated at jesuit school he went on to study pharmacy 3 at the french faculty of medicine in beirut where he later opened a pharmacy he owned a pharmacy in haifa british mandatory palestine the pharmacy was located in sahat al hanatir carriage square citation needed in association football edit pierre gemayel far right prior to the friendly game in beirut against austrian club admira vienna in 1937 gemayel also took an interest in sport playing football 4 in 1935 he became president of the lebanese football association lfa the same year he became lebanon s first referee to officiate internationally 5 as captain of the lebanon national team gemayel attended the 1936 olympic games in berlin 4 alongside hussein sejaan 6 the former lfa president 7 after the games he also visited various central european countries 6 gemayel remained president of the lfa until 1939 5 foundation of kataeb party edit on his return to lebanon from europe in 1936 gemayel founded al kataeb al loubnaniyyah party kataeb party with georges naqqache charles helou chafic nassif and hamid franjieh who was later replaced with emile yared modelling the party after the spanish and italian fascist parties he had observed there 8 9 10 11 at first the goal of the party was to enhance people s patriotism and civic mindedness but later on turned into a political resistance to the french authorities in the region 12 gemayel was also influenced from the sokol movement of czechoslovakia during this visit to the central europe after the 1936 olympic games and employed the doctrine of this movement while founding the kataeb party 6 kataeb party is described as a right wing christian party 13 the foundation of the syrian social nationalist party by antun saadeh in 1932 was the trigger for the establishment of the kateb party since the former actively tried to influence lebanon towards the syrian interests leading to direct challenge for lebanese nationalists 6 the founders of the kataeb party were young french educated and middle class professionals who committed to independent and western oriented lebanon 6 charles helou who later served as lebanon s president from 1964 to 1970 14 was one of the founders by the time of his presidency however helou was no longer a party member and gemayel unsuccessfully opposed him in the presidential election of 1964 career edit in the years before and after lebanon s independence gemayel s influence and that of the kataeb party was limited it survived a french attempt to forcibly dissolve it in 1937 and took part in an uprising against the french mandate in 1943 but despite its membership of 35 000 it operated on the fringes of lebanese politics 15 in the civil war of 1958 gemayel emerged as a leader of the right wing nationalist mainly christian movement that opposed a nasserist and arab nationalist inspired attempt to overthrow the government of president camille chamoun 16 and supported the return of foreign troops to lebanon in the aftermath of the war gemayel was appointed a cabinet minister in a four member unity government two years later gemayel was elected to the national assembly from a beirut constituency a seat he held for the rest of his life in 1958 gemayel was appointed deputy to then prime minister rashid karami 17 15 by the end of the 1960s the kataeb party held 9 seats in the national assembly making it one of the largest groupings in lebanon s notoriously fractured and sectarian parliament although his bids for the presidency in 1964 and 1970 were unsuccessful gemayel continued to hold cabinet posts intermittently throughout the remaining quarter century of his life for instance he was minister of finance from 1960 to 1961 and in 1968 18 and the minister of public works in 1970 19 pierre gemayel right with william hawi left chief of the kataeb security council lebanon has long been a battleground in the israeli arab conflict and gemayel s position was always solid and consistent advocating a lebanon separated from the other arab states and linked to france and the west he opposed the presence of the palestinian refugees his supporters viewed this as a sign of strength and patriotism while his detractors saw it as incoherent gemayel reluctantly signed the cairo agreement of 1969 under enormous pressure from the international community which allowed palestinian guerrillas to set up bases on lebanese soil from which to carry out actions against israel he later defended his actions saying that lebanon really had no choice in the 1970s he came to oppose the armed palestinian presence in lebanon the kataeb created a military security council led by william hawi which came to be commanded by gemayel s son bachir upon the assassination of hawi gemayel was also to reverse his position on the syrian intervention in the lebanese civil war of 1975 to 1990 he initially welcomed syrian intervention on the side of the christians and against the lebanese national movement but he soon became convinced that syria was occupying lebanon for reasons of its own in 1976 he joined other mainly christian leaders including former president camille chamoun the diplomat charles malik and the guardians of the cedars leader étienne saqr to oppose the syrians on 11 october 1978 gemayel bitterly denounced the syrian military presence and the lebanese front joined the lebanese regular army in a successful hundred days war against the syrian army on 4 june 1979 an attempt was made to assassinate pierre gemayel 20 the previous month 13 may amine gemayel also escaped an assassination attempt 21 later years and death edit the sheikh pierre gemayel memorial in gemayel s hometown bikfaya lebanon gemayel saw his younger son bachir gemayel elected president of lebanon on 23 august 1982 only to be assassinated on 14 september nine days before his scheduled inauguration bachir s older brother amine gemayel was elected to replace him pierre gemayel himself initially stayed out of amine gemayel s government but in early 1984 after participating in two conferences in geneva and lausanne switzerland aimed at ending the civil war and the occupation of the country by israeli troops in 1982 he agreed to serve in a cabinet of national unity that was formed by rashid karami in may 1984 22 he served as the minister of public health and communications in the cabinet led by then prime minister karami 3 gemayel was still in office when he died of a heart attack in bikfaya on 29 august 1984 23 he was at the age of 78 3 gemayel s body was buried next to bachir gemayel s grave in bikfaya on 30 august 1984 24 personal life edit bachir gemayel with his father pierre gemayel and william hawi s family at the kataeb anniversary event in 1977 gemayel was married to genevieve gemayel and they celebrated the 50th anniversary of their marriage in august 1984 25 they had six children his younger son bachir gemayel was assassinated on 14 september 1982 after being elected to the presidency his grandson pierre amine gemayel then industry minister was similarly assassinated on 21 november 2006 several other descendants of pierre gemayel including two grandchildren were also murdered during the civil war period 24 references edit pace eric 30 august 1984 pierre gemayel a courtly chieftain of christians new york times شيخ بيار الجميل you tube archived from the original on 25 june 2014 retrieved 22 october 2012 1 2 3 pierre gemayel lebanese christian leader the day beirut associated press 30 august 1984 retrieved 23 march 2013 1 2 fisk robert 2002 pity the nation nation books pp 48 49 1 2 pierre el gemayel abdogedeon com archived from the original on 30 april 2023 retrieved 23 august 2020 1 2 3 4 5 john pierre entelis 1974 pluralism and party transformation in lebanon al kataʼib 1936 1970 brill p 46 isbn 978 90 04 03911 7 retrieved 22 october 2012 sakr ali hamidi 1992 موسوعة كرة القدم اللبنانية 1991 1992 1991 1992 lebanese football encyclopedia in arabic مؤسسة نوفل للتوزيع p 17 isbn 0000281247 lebanon phalange party countrystudies us retrieved 22 october 2012 johnson michael 23 november 2002 all honorable men the social origins of war in lebanon i b tauris p 148 isbn 1 860647154 griffith lee 1 june 2004 the war on terrorism and the terror of god wm b eerdmans publishing company p 3 isbn 0 8028 2860 4 lebanon phalange fascism ensalaco mark 30 november 2007 middle eastern terrorism from black september to september 11 university of pennsylvania press p 85 isbn 978 0 8122 4046 7 stoakes frank 1975 the supervigilantes the lebanese kataeb party as a builder surrogate and defender of the state middle eastern studies 11 3 215 236 doi 10 1080 00263207508700297 jstor 4282574 joseph suad july 2011 political familism in lebanon american academy of political and social science 636 150 165 doi 10 1177 0002716211398434 s2cid 145269097 mermier franck mervin sabrina 2012 leaders et partisans au liban in french karthala editions isbn 9782811105952 1 2 new cabinet in lebanon civil strife the daily reporter 14 october 1958 retrieved 23 march 2013 khazen farid el 10 december 2020 the breakdown of the state in lebanon 1967 1976 bloomsbury publishing isbn 978 0 7556 0377 0 paksoy taylan 2025 the myth of zaim zuema revisiting 1950s lebanese elite taxonomy and circulation the journal of the middle east and africa 16 1 75 98 doi 10 1080 21520844 2025 2450867 hdl 11693 116917 former ministers 18 december 2019 archived from the original on 18 december 2019 guerrillas arab militia in shootout the spokesman review beirut associated press 28 march 1970 retrieved 23 march 2013 middle east international no 101 8 june 1979 pp 12 14 middle east international no 100 25 may 1979 pp 13 15 lebanese cabinet members announced one refuses post the milwaukee sentinel 1 may 1984 retrieved 23 march 2013 permanent dead link pierre gemayel lebanon war figure and father of nation s president dies the pittsburgh press beirut 29 august 1984 retrieved 23 march 2013 1 2 pierre gemayel was praised as lebanese hero lakeland ledger bikfaya associated press 30 august 1984 retrieved 23 march 2013 pierre gemayel dies in lebanon at 78 sarasota herald tribune beirut associated press 30 august 1984 retrieved 23 march 2013 external links edit wikimedia commons has media related to pierre gemayel lebanese kataeb official site archived 8 october 2019 at the wayback machine poème en souvenir de pierre gemayel high quality photo collection of lebanon by paul saad v t e lebanese football association founding clubs nahda union sportif jesuit cercle riyadi salam dphb antranik aras hayat homenmen international ohaken adana presidents hussein sejaan pierre gemayel farid ammoun jamil sawaya gabriel gemayel bahij salem nassif majdalani fouad chamoun izzat al turk pierre edde george dabbas albert kheir hamid khoury nabil al raei hachem haidar general secretaries elie bakhaze izzat al turk joseph nalbandian raheef alameh bahij bou hamzah raheef alameh jihad el chohof authority control databases international isni viaf gnd fast worldcat national united states france bnf data netherlands poland israel people deutsche biographie other idref snac retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title pierre_gemayel oldid 1378170772 categories 1905 births 1984 deaths gemayel family lebanese maronites maronites from the ottoman empire 20th century people from the ottoman empire saint joseph university of beirut alumni maronite politicians members of the parliament of lebanon kataeb party politicians lebanese front politicians political party founders lebanese warlords finance ministers of lebanon communications ministers of lebanon public works ministers of lebanon people of the lebanese civil war lebanese anti communists lebanese independence activists candidates for president of lebanon lebanese men s footballers lebanon ...