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the (191), sign (91), minus (88), plus (87), and (83), for (51), from (46), used (41), with (34), signs (24), edit (24), this (18), articles (18), are (18), hyphen (17), other (17), negative (17), retrieved (16), symbol (16), example (16), subtraction (15), original (15), archived (15), unicode (15), mathematics (14), uses (14), that (14), also (14), may (13), use (13), symbols (13), indicate (13), mathematical (12), number (12), needed (12), more (12), pdf (11), letter (11), was (10), isbn (10), see (10), operator (10), languages (9), wikipedia (9), 2026 (9), all (9), addition (9), mark (9), some (9), but (9), citation (9), positive (9), when (9), 2022 (8), 2021 (8), standard (8), numbers (8), history (8), which (8), denote (8), not (8), sometimes (8), read (8), statements (7), before (7), punctuation (7), character (7), many (7), alternative (7), written (7), can (7), page (6), links (6), containing (6), needing (6), july (6), unsourced (6), language (6), different (6), elementary 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Text of the page (random words):
her uses see minus disambiguation minus sign redirects here for the ed sheeran album see album the minus sign has three main uses in mathematics 16 the subtraction operator a binary operator to indicate the operation of subtraction as in 5 3 2 subtraction is the inverse of addition 1 the additive inverse operator a unary operator to indicate the function whose value for any real or complex argument is the additive inverse of that argument for example if x 3 then x 3 but if x 3 then x 3 similarly x x a prefix of a numeric constant when it is placed immediately before an unsigned number the combination names a negative number the additive inverse of the positive number that the numeral would otherwise name in many contexts it does not matter whether the second or the third of these usages is intended 5 is the same number when it is important to distinguish them a raised minus sign is sometimes used for negative constants as in elementary education the programming language apl and some early graphing calculators a all three uses can be referred to as minus in everyday speech though the binary operator is sometimes read as take away 17 in american english nowadays 5 for example is generally referred to as negative five though speakers born before 1950 often refer to it as minus five temperatures tend to follow the older usage 5 is generally called minus five degrees though both forms are seen 18 further a few textbooks in the united states encourage x to be read as the opposite of x or the additive inverse of x to avoid giving the impression that x is necessarily negative since x itself may already be negative 19 in mathematics and most programming languages the rules for the order of operations mean that 5 2 is equal to 25 exponentiation binds more strongly than the unary minus which binds more strongly than multiplication or division however in some programming languages microsoft excel in particular unary operators bind strongest so in those cases 5 2 is 25 but 0 5 2 is 25 20 similar to the plus sign the minus sign is also used in chemistry and physics for more see other uses below use in elementary education edit some elementary teachers use raised minus signs before numbers to disambiguate them from the operation of subtraction 21 the same convention is also used in some computer languages for example subtracting 5 from 3 might be read as positive three take away negative 5 and be shown as 3 5 becomes 3 5 8 which can be read as 3 1 5 or even as 3 5 becomes 3 5 8 use as a qualifier edit this section needs more citations please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed july 2026 learn how and when to remove this message when placed after a number a plus sign can indicate an open range of numbers citation needed clarification needed for example 18 is commonly used as shorthand for ages 18 and up although eighteen plus for example clarification needed is now common usage citation needed in us grading systems the plus sign indicates a grade one level higher and the minus sign a grade lower for example b b minus is one grade lower than b in some occasions this is extended to two plus or minus signs e g a being two grades higher than a citation needed a common trend in branding particularly with streaming video services has been the use of the plus sign at the end of brand names e g google disney paramount and apple tv since the word plus can mean an advantage or an additional amount of something such signs imply that a product offers extra features or benefits citation needed positive and negative are sometimes abbreviated as ve and ve 22 and on batteries and cell terminals are often marked with and mathematics edit in mathematics the one sided limit x a means x approaches a from the right i e right sided limit and x a means x approaches a from the left i e left sided limit for example 1 x displaystyle frac 1 x rightarrow infty as x 0 but 1 x displaystyle frac 1 x rightarrow infty as x 0 citation needed when placed after special sets of numbers plus and minus signs are used to indicate that only positive numbers and negative numbers are included respectively for example z displaystyle mathbb z is the set of all positive integers and z displaystyle mathbb z is the set of all negative integers citation needed in these cases a subscript 0 may also be added to clarify that 0 is included example needed blood edit blood types are often qualified with a plus or minus to indicate the presence or absence of the rh factor for example a means type a blood with the rh factor present while b means type b blood with the rh factor absent citation needed music edit in music augmented chords are symbolized with a plus sign although this practice is not universal as there are other methods for spelling those chords for example c is read c augmented chord sometimes the plus is written as a superscript citation needed uses in computing edit this section does not cite any sources please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed july 2026 learn how and when to remove this message as well as the normal mathematical usage plus and minus signs may be used for a number of other purposes in computing plus and minus signs are often used in tree view on a computer screen to show if a folder is collapsed or not in some programming languages concatenation of strings is written a b and results in ab in most programming languages subtraction and negation are indicated with the ascii hyphen minus character in apl a raised minus sign here written using u 00af macron is used to denote a negative number as in 3 while in j a negative number is denoted by an underscore as in _5 in c and some other computer programming languages two plus signs indicate the increment operator and two minus signs a decrement the position of the operator before or after the variable indicates whether the new or old value is read from it for example if x equals 6 then y x increments x to 7 but sets y to 6 whereas y x would set both x and y to 7 by extension is sometimes used in computing terminology to signify an improvement as in the name of the language c in regular expressions is often used to indicate 1 or more in a pattern to be matched for example x means one or more of the letter x this is the kleene plus notation hyphen minus usually indicates a range a z any capital from a to z although it can stand for itself abcde any capital from a to e or there is no concept of negative zero in mathematics but in computing 0 may have a separate representation from zero in the ieee floating point standard 1 0 is negative infinity displaystyle infty whereas 1 0 is positive infinity displaystyle infty is also used to denote added lines in diff output in the context format or the unified format other uses edit minus edit dan godié karaboro krumen mwan nyabwa wan wè yaouré languages tone letter in the orthographies of dan krumen karaboro mwan wan yaouré wè nyabwa and godié 23 the unicode character used for the tone letter u 02d7 modifier letter minus sign is different from the mathematical minus sign plus edit botanical names a plus sign denotes graft chimaera catholicism the plus sign before a last name denotes a bishop and a double plus is used to denote an archbishop chess in the algebraic notation used to record games of chess the plus sign is used to denote a move that puts the opponent into check while a double plus is sometimes used to denote double check combinations of the plus and minus signs are used to evaluate a move huichol language the plus sign sometimes represents ɨ in the orthography of huichol 24 linguistics a superscript plus sometimes replaces the asterisk which denotes unattested linguistic reconstruction telephone numbers when prefixed to a telephone number is used to indicate the form used for international direct dialing 25 its precise usage varies by technology and national standards plus and minus edit chemistry superscripted plus and minus signs are used to indicate an ion with a positive or negative charge of 1 e g nh 4 if the charge is greater than 1 a number indicating the charge is written before the sign as in so 2 4 international phonetic alphabet subscripted plus and minus signs are used as diacritics to indicate advanced or retracted articulations of speech sounds physics the use of plus and minus signs for different electrical charges was introduced by georg christoph lichtenberg unicode edit o hyphen minus plus minus signs compared variants of the symbols have unique codepoints in unicode u 002b plus sign plus u 002d hyphen minus u 00b1 plus minus sign plusmn plusminus pm u 02d6 modifier letter plus sign u 02d7 modifier letter minus sign u 2052 commercial minus sign u 2064 invisible plus a contiguity operator indicating addition u 207a superscript plus sign u 207b superscript minus u 208a subscript plus sign u 208b subscript minus u 2212 minus sign minus u 2213 minus or plus sign minusplus mnplus mp u 2238 dot minus u 2795 heavy plus sign u 2796 heavy minus sign u 293c top arc clockwise arrow with minus u 293d top arc anticlockwise arrow with plus u 29fa double plus u 29fb triple plus u 29fe tiny u 29ff miny u 2a22 plus sign with small circle above u 2a23 plus sign with circumflex accent above u 2a24 plus sign with tilde above u 2a25 plus sign with dot below u 2a26 plus sign with tilde below u 2a27 plus sign with subscript two u 2a28 plus sign with black triangle u 2a29 minus sign with comma above u 2a2a minus sign with dot below u 2a2b minus sign with falling dots u 2a2c minus sign with rising dots u 2a2d plus sign in left half circle u 2a2e plus sign in right half circle u fb29 hebrew letter alternative plus sign u fe62 small plus sign u fe63 small hyphen minus u ff0b fullwidth plus sign u ff0d fullwidth hyphen minus alternative plus sign edit see also up tack a jewish tradition that dates from at least the 19th century is to write plus using the symbol to avoid the writing of a symbol that could look like a christian cross 26 27 this practice was adopted into israeli schools and was still commonplace citation needed as of 1986 update in elementary schools including secular schools but in fewer secondary schools needs update 27 it is also used occasionally in books by religious authors but most books for adults use the international symbol unicode has this symbol at position u fb29 hebrew letter alternative plus sign 28 this form of the plus sign is also used on the control buttons at individual seats on board the el al israel airlines aircraft alternative minus signs edit being used as a minus sign not as a division sign in an excerpt from an official norwegian trading statement form called næringsoppgave 1 for the taxation year 2010 there is a commercial minus sign which is or was used in germany and scandinavia the symbol still used in many anglophone countries as a division sign is or was used to denote subtraction in scandinavia 29 the hyphen minus symbol is the form of hyphen most commonly used in digital documents on most keyboards it is the only character that resembles a minus sign or a dash so it is also used for these 30 the name hyphen minus derives from the original ascii standard 31 where it was called hyphen minus 32 the character is referred to as a hyphen a minus sign or a dash according to the context where it is being used see also edit en dash a dash that looks similar to the subtraction symbol but is used for different purposes glossary of mathematical symbols disambiguation notes edit at least the early texas instruments models including the ti 81 and ti 82 references edit 1 2 weisstein eric w subtraction mathworld wolfram com archived from the original on 2020 09 14 retrieved 2020 08 26 karpinski louis c 1917 algebraical developments among the egyptians and babylonians the american mathematical monthly 24 6 257 265 doi 10 2307 2973180 jstor 2973180 mr 1518824 the birth of symbols zdena lustigova faculty of mathematics and physics charles university prague deprecated link archived 2013 07 08 at archive today ley willy april 1965 symbolically speaking for your information galaxy science fiction pp 57 67 stallings lynn may 2000 a brief history of algebraic notation school science and mathematics 100 5 230 235 doi 10 1111 j 1949 8594 2000 tb17262 x retrieved 13 april 2009 sangster alan stoner greg mccarthy patricia 2008 the market for luca pacioli s summa arithmetica pdf accounting historians journal 35 1 111 134 p 115 doi 10 2308 0148 4184 35 1 111 s2cid 107010686 archived pdf from the original on 2018 01 26 retrieved 2012 04 29 cajori florian 1928 origin and meanings of the signs and a history of mathematical notations vol 1 the open court company publishers wright d franklin new bill d 2000 intermediate algebra 4th ed thomson learning p 1 the minus sign or bar is thought to be derived from the habit of early scribes of using a bar to represent the letter m 1 2 widmann johannes 1489 behe n de vnd hubsche rechenung auff allen kauffmanschafft leipzig konrad kachelofen p 176 archived from the original on 2022 05 03 retrieved 2022 05 03 1 2 widmann johannes 1508 behend vnd hüpsch rechnung vff allen kauffmanschafften kolophon gedruck zů pfhortzheim von thoman anßhelm p 122 archived from the original on 2022 05 03 retrieved 2022 05 03 plus oxford english dictionary online ed oxford university press subscription or participating institution membership required smith d e 1951 history of mathematics vol 1 courier dover publications pp 258 330 isbn 0486204308 cite book isbn date incompatibility help earliest uses of symbols of operation archived from the original on 2022 04 29 retrieved 2022 05 03 cajori florian 2007 a history of mathematical notations cosimo p 164 isbn 9781602066847 fraleigh john b 1989 a first course in abstract algebra 4 ed united states addison wesley p 52 isbn 0 201 52821 5 henri picciotto 1990 the algebra lab creative publications p 9 isbn 978 0 88488 964 9 subtraction www mathsisfun com archived from the original on 2020 08 12 retrieved 2020 08 26 schwartzman steven 1994 the words of mathematics the mathematical association of america p 136 isbn 9780883855119 wheeler ruric e 2001 modern mathematics 11 ed p 171 microsoft office excel calculation operators and precedence archived from the original on 2009 08 11 retrieved 2009 07 29 gaskill h s lopez robert j may 1978 let s bring back subtraction international journal of mathematical education in science and technology 9 2 221 229 doi 10 1080 0020739780090211 castledine george close ann 2009 oxford handbook of adult nursing oxford university press p xvii isbn 9780191039676 hartell rhonda l ed 1993 the alphabets of africa dakar unesco and sil biglow brad morris 2001 ethno nationalist politics and cultural preservation education and bordered identities among the wixaritari huichol of tateikita jalisco mexico pdf phd univer...