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poisoning wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 levels of exposure toggle levels of exposure subsection 1 1 acute exposure 1 2 chronic exposure 2 methods toggle methods subsection 2 1 accidental poisonings 2 2 industry and warfare 2 3 pesticide exposure 2 4 toxication 3 precautionary measures 4 treatment 5 see also 6 references 7 external links toggle the table of contents poisoning 45 languages العربية azərbaycanca беларуская български বাংলা bosanski català čeština deutsch esperanto español eesti euskara فارسی suomi français frysk galego עברית हिन्दी magyar bahasa indonesia italiano 日本語 қазақша 한국어 кыргызча limburgs lietuvių македонски nederlands polski português română русский slovenčina shqip српски srpski svenska тоҷикӣ türkçe українська oʻzbekcha ўзбекча tiếng việt 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia for other uses see poisoning disambiguation poisoned redirects here for the gift software see gift not to be confused with toxicity this article may need to be rewritten to comply with wikipedia s quality standards relevant discussion may be found on the talk page you can help the talk page may contain suggestions january 2022 medical condition poisoning hazard symbol pictogram for poisonning specialty toxicology visible symptoms of arsenic poisoning following exposure poisoning is the harmful effect which occurs when toxic substances are introduced into the body 1 the term poisoning is a derivative of poison a term describing any chemical substance that may harm or kill a living organism upon ingestion 2 poisoning can be brought on by swallowing inhaling injecting or absorbing toxins through the skin toxicology is the practice and study of symptoms mechanisms diagnoses and treatments correlated to poisoning 3 levels of exposure edit when a poison is introduced to a living organism the symptoms that follow successful contact develop in close relation to the degree of exposure 4 acute exposure edit acute toxicity or poisoning consists of a living organism being harmfully exposed to poison once or more times during a brief period with symptoms manifesting within 14 days since administration 5 chronic exposure edit chronic toxicity or poisoning involves a living organism being exposed to a toxin on multiple instances over an extended period of time whereas the symptoms either develop gradually or after a protracted latent period 6 chronic poisoning most commonly occurs following exposure to poisons that bioaccumulate or are biomagnified such as mercury gadolinium and lead 7 methods edit accidental poisonings edit death rate from poisoning in 2020 america s poison centers npds national poison data system report determined that 76 9 of recorded toxin exposures were accidental with the rest of the statistics either being deliberate or unexpected 8 a large portion of these accidental incidents occurred due to mistakenly taking the incorrect medicine or doubling one s dose by mistake 8 industry and warfare edit arsenic trioxide is a white crystalline powder that closely resembles sugar the 1858 bradford sweets poisoning incident happened because it was mistaken for a sugar substitute daff nerve gases are synthetic substances used in industry or warfare that are specifically engineered to harm living organisms 9 they may paralyze a person in a matter of seconds or cease organ function quickly resulting in death they re considered to be biologically derived neurotoxins which are a genre of toxic agents that act specifically against the nervous system inhaled or ingested cyanide or zyklon b was used as a method of execution in gas chambers 10 this method of poisoning instantly starved the body of energy by inhibiting the enzymes in mitochondria that produce atp 11 intravenous injection of an unnaturally high concentration of potassium chloride such as in the execution of prisoners in parts of the united states quickly stops the heart by eliminating the cell potential necessary for muscle contraction 12 pesticide exposure edit most biocides including pesticides are created to act as poisons to target organisms although acute or less observable chronic poisoning can also occur in non target organisms secondary poisoning including the humans who apply the biocides and other beneficial organisms 13 for example the herbicide 2 4 d imitates the action of a plant hormone which makes its lethal toxicity specific to plants indeed 2 4 d is not a poison but is classified as harmful 14 toxication edit many substances regarded as poisons are toxic only indirectly through toxication an example is wood alcohol or methanol which is not poisonous itself but is chemically converted to toxic formaldehyde and formic acid once it reaches the liver 15 many drug molecules are made toxic in the liver and the genetic variability of certain liver enzymes makes the toxicity of many compounds differ between people precautionary measures edit poisoning prevention poster from new zealand as mandated in ghs various safety orientated government agencies from around the globe have put into place the usage of pictograms when labeling toxic substances 16 17 the hazard symbol which labels a substance as capable of poisoning depicts the imagery of a human skull in front of two bones crossing one another 18 ghs precautionary statements which advise users to exercise caution or be aware of the substance s potentially dangerous features are added to a legal toxins labelling 19 toxic substances can also come with instructions on how to handle the product what compounds to avoid mixing the product with and how to treat a victim at risk of poisoning who has come in contact with the product 20 various poison control centers are also available to assist in diagnosing managing and preventing possible incidents of poisoning 21 many are accessible through phone calls or official websites treatment edit seeking medical attention is strongly advised if someone is thought to have been exposed to or consumed a poison mainly from a nearby poison control centre 22 23 it is advised to provide medical personnel with information regarding the poisoning the patient s age weight and any other drugs they may be taking in addition to the symptoms of the illness try to determine what was ingested the amount and how long since the person was exposed to it if possible have on hand the pill bottle medication package or other suspect container 24 the treatment will depend on the substance to which the patient is exposed depending on the type of poisoning some first aid measures may help treatments include activated charcoal induction of vomiting and dilution or neutralizing of the poison 25 see also edit epa list of extremely hazardous substances list of poisonous plants list of types of poison lists of poisonings opioid epidemic in the united states suicide by poisoning references edit poisoning medlineplus gov retrieved 2021 10 26 cammack richard atwood teresa campbell peter parish howard smith anthony vella frank stirling john eds 2006 01 01 oxford dictionary of biochemistry and molecular biology 2 ed oxford university press doi 10 1093 acref 9780198529170 001 0001 isbn 978 0 19 852917 0 toxicology national institute of environmental health sciences retrieved 2022 12 05 calabrese e j 2014 dose response relationship encyclopedia of toxicology elsevier pp 224 226 doi 10 1016 b978 0 12 386454 3 00991 x isbn 978 0 12 386455 0 gold victor ed 2019 the iupac compendium of chemical terminology the gold book 4 ed research triangle park nc international union of pure and applied chemistry iupac doi 10 1351 goldbook at06800 elhag ibtihag yahya 2023 role of ai in adme tox toward formulation optimization and delivery a handbook of artificial intelligence in drug delivery elsevier pp 301 345 doi 10 1016 b978 0 323 89925 3 00011 3 isbn 978 0 323 89925 3 chojnacka k mikulewicz m 2014 bioaccumulation encyclopedia of toxicology elsevier pp 456 460 doi 10 1016 b978 0 12 386454 3 01039 3 isbn 978 0 12 386455 0 1 2 gummin david d mowry james b beuhler michael c spyker daniel a bronstein alvin c rivers laura j pham nathaniel p t weber julie 2021 12 02 2020 annual report of the american association of poison control centers national poison data system npds 38th annual report clinical toxicology 59 12 1282 1501 doi 10 1080 15563650 2021 1989785 issn 1556 3650 pmid 34890263 patton james gas in the great war kumc edu kansas city ks history and philosophy of medicine retrieved 2024 04 15 stewart ken zyklon b description manufacturer facts britannica britannica com retrieved 2024 04 15 jethava durga gupta priyamvada kothari sandeep rijhwani puneet kumar ankit 2014 acute cyanide intoxication a rare case of survival indian journal of anaesthesia 58 3 312 314 doi 10 4103 0019 5049 135045 issn 0019 5049 pmc 4090999 pmid 25024476 simon gábor 2023 04 04 detection of fatal potassium overdose a case report and review of the literature diagnostics 13 7 1339 doi 10 3390 diagnostics13071339 issn 2075 4418 pmc 10093193 pmid 37046560 kapeleka jones a sauli elingarami ndakidemi patrick a 2021 10 03 pesticide exposure and genotoxic effects as measured by dna damage and human monitoring biomarkers international journal of environmental health research 31 7 805 822 bibcode 2021ijehr 31 805k doi 10 1080 09603123 2019 1690132 issn 0960 3123 pmid 31736325 carvalho laíse m soares filho antônio f lima maciel s cruz filho joão f dantas taisa c m luz geraldo e february 2021 2 4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2 4 d photodegradation on wo3 tio2 sba 15 nanostructured composite environmental science and pollution research 28 7 7774 7785 bibcode 2021espr 28 7774c doi 10 1007 s11356 020 11085 4 issn 0944 1344 pmid 33037546 jones a w 2021 clinical and forensic toxicology of methanol forensic sci rev 33 2 central police university 117 143 pmid 34247144 boelhouwer eric davis jerry franco watkins ana dorris nathan lungu claudiu september 2013 comprehension of hazard communication effects of pictograms on safety data sheets and labels journal of safety research 46 145 155 doi 10 1016 j jsr 2013 06 001 issn 0022 4375 pmid 23932696 globally harmonized system of classification and labelling of chemicals canada ca 2023 03 21 retrieved 2024 04 15 know your hazard symbols pictograms office of environmental health and safety retrieved 2024 04 15 vereinte nationen ed 2007 globally harmonized system of classification and labelling of chemicals ghs 2nd revised ed new york united nations isbn 978 92 1 116957 7 vereinte nationen ed 2011 globally harmonized system of classification and labelling of chemicals ghs united nations 4th revised ed new york united nations isbn 978 92 1 117042 9 poison control center paho who pan american health organization paho org 2021 01 14 retrieved 2024 04 15 poisoning prevention child safety and injury prevention cdc injury center cdc gov 2020 07 02 retrieved 2020 11 28 yadav sharad shah gautam kumar verma dharmesh yadav prakash chand 2022 07 22 study of profile pattern and outcomes of oral poisoning cases admitted in emergency department of janakpur provincial hospital nepal doi 10 5281 zenodo 6879818 cite journal cite journal requires journal help poisoning first aid mayo clinic mayoclinic org retrieved 2021 10 26 avau bert borra vere vanhove anne catherine vandekerckhove philippe de paepe peter de buck emmy december 2018 first aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning the cochrane database of systematic reviews 12 12 cd013230 doi 10 1002 14651858 cd013230 issn 1469 493x pmc 6438817 pmid 30565220 external links edit classification d icd 10 xxx x icd 9 cm xxx v t e poisoning toxicity overdose poison history inorganic metals toxic metals beryllium cadmium lead mercury nickel thallium tin dietary minerals chromium cobalt copper iron manganese zinc other non toxic metals silver 1 metalloids arsenic nonmetals sulfuric acid selenium chlorine fluoride organic phosphorus pesticides aluminium phosphide organophosphates nitrogen cyanide nicotine nitrogen dioxide poisoning cho alcohol ethanol ethylene glycol methanol carbon monoxide oxygen toluene pharmaceutical drug overdoses nervous alcohol anticholinesterase aspirin barbiturates benzodiazepines cocaine lithium opioids paracetamol serotonergic substances tricyclic antidepressants cardiovascular digoxin dipyridamole vitamin poisoning vitamin a vitamin d vitamin e megavitamin b 6 syndrome biological 2 fish seafood ciguatera haff disease ichthyoallyeinotoxism scombroid shellfish poisoning amnesic diarrhetic neurotoxic paralytic other vertebrates amphibian batrachotoxin bombesin bufotenin physalaemin birds coturnism mammal snakes snake venom alpha bungarotoxin ancrod batroxobin arthropods arthropod bites and stings bee sting bee venom apamin melittin scorpion venom charybdotoxin spider venom latrotoxin latrodectism loxoscelism tick paralysis plants fungi cinchonism ergotism fish toxins lathyrism locoism mushroom strychnine related topics bite and stinger plant cnidocyte venomous animals poisonous animals deadly fungus mycotoxicology miscellaneous antibiotic epa list of hazard lists of poisonings list of types of poison pollution 1 silver is generally non toxic metal but in large doses it can lead to argyria which is rare 2 including venoms toxins foodborne illnesses category commons wikiproject authority control databases international gnd national france bnf data latvia other yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title poisoning oldid 1375824067 categories poisons killings by type toxicology hidden categories wikipedia articles needing rewrite from january 2022 all articles needing rewrite articles with short description short description is different from wikidata pages using gadget owidslider cs1 errors missing periodical this page was last edited on 20 september 2026 at 08 12 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement 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