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statistical population wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 mean 2 see also 3 references 4 external links toggle the table of contents statistical population 53 languages afrikaans العربية asturianu беларуская betawi bosanski català čeština dansk deutsch ελληνικά español eesti euskara فارسی français galego עברית हिन्दी magyar հայերեն bahasa indonesia ido íslenska italiano 日本語 jawa 한국어 latina lietuvių македонски монгол bahasa melayu nederlands norsk bokmål polski português română русский srpskohrvatski српскохрватски simple english slovenčina shqip српски srpski sunda svenska tagalog türkçe українська tiếng việt 吴语 粵語 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia redirected from population statistics complete set of items that share at least one property in common for other uses of population see population disambiguation in statistics a population is a set of similar items which is of interest for some question or experiment 1 a statistical population can be a group of existing objects e g the set of all stars within the milky way galaxy or a hypothetical and potentially infinite group of objects conceived as a generalization from experience e g the set of all possible hands in a game of poker 2 in statistical inference the population is modelled by a probability distribution with unknown parameters 3 by analyzing a subset of the population it is then possible to estimate the population parameters using the appropriate sample statistics 4 mean edit the population mean is the arithmetic mean of some numerical property across the entire population where the property under consideration is modelled by a random variable the population mean refers to the expected value of that random variable 5 not every probability distribution has a well defined mean see the cauchy distribution for an example the sample mean may differ from the population mean especially for small samples the law of large numbers states that the larger the size of the sample the more likely it is that the sample mean will be close to the population mean 6 see also edit data collection system horvitz thompson estimator sample statistics stratum statistics bootstrap world references edit haberman shelby j 1996 advanced statistics springer series in statistics 1 doi 10 1007 978 1 4757 4417 0 isbn 978 1 4419 2850 4 issn 0172 7397 cite journal cs1 maint periodical has isbn link weisstein eric w statistical population mathworld yates daniel s moore david s starnes daren s 2003 the practice of statistics 2nd ed new york freeman isbn 978 0 7167 4773 4 archived from the original on 2005 02 09 levy paul s lemeshow stanley 2013 06 07 sampling of populations methods and applications john wiley sons isbn 978 1 118 62731 0 yates daniel s moore david s starnes daren s 2003 the practice of statistics 2nd ed new york freeman isbn 978 0 7167 4773 4 archived from the original on 2005 02 09 schaum s outline of theory and problems of probability by seymour lipschutz and marc lipson p 141 external links edit statistical terms made simple v t e statistics outline index descriptive statistics continuous data center mean arithmetic arithmetic geometric contraharmonic cubic generalized power geometric harmonic heronian heinz lehmer median mode dispersion average absolute deviation coefficient of variation interquartile range percentile range standard deviation variance shape central limit theorem moments kurtosis l moments skewness count data index of dispersion summary tables contingency table frequency distribution grouped data dependence partial correlation pearson product moment correlation rank correlation kendall s τ spearman s ρ scatter plot graphics bar chart biplot box plot control chart correlogram fan chart forest plot histogram pie chart q q plot radar chart run chart scatter plot stem and leaf display violin plot heatmap scatter plot matrix ecdf plot line chart statistical data processing transformations data transformation log transformation power transform box cox transformation yeo johnson transformation variance stabilizing transformation anscombe transform fisher transformation scaling and normalization feature scaling normalization standardization z score min max normalization unit vector normalization data cleaning data cleaning outlier winsorizing truncation missing data data reduction dimensionality reduction principal component analysis factor analysis time series preprocessing differencing detrending seasonal adjustment stationarity transformation data collection study design effect size missing data optimal design population replication sample size determination statistic statistical power survey methodology sampling cluster stratified opinion poll questionnaire standard error controlled experiments blocking factorial experiment interaction random assignment randomized controlled trial randomized experiment scientific control adaptive designs adaptive clinical trial stochastic approximation up and down designs observational studies cohort study cross sectional study natural experiment quasi experiment statistical inference statistical theory population statistic probability distribution sampling distribution order statistic empirical distribution density estimation statistical model model specification l p space parameter location scale shape parametric family likelihood monotone location scale family exponential family completeness sufficiency statistical functional bootstrap u v optimal decision loss function efficiency statistical distance divergence asymptotics robustness sensitivity analysis frequentist inference point estimation estimating equations maximum likelihood method of moments m estimator minimum distance unbiased estimators mean unbiased minimum variance rao blackwellization lehmann scheffé theorem median unbiased plug in interval estimation confidence interval pivot likelihood interval prediction interval tolerance interval resampling bootstrap jackknife testing hypotheses 1 2 tails power uniformly most powerful test permutation test randomization test multiple comparisons parametric tests likelihood ratio g test score lagrange multiplier wald z test normal specific tests parametric student s t test f test goodness of fit chi squared kolmogorov smirnov anderson darling lilliefors jarque bera normality shapiro wilk model selection cross validation aic bic rank statistics sign sample median signed rank wilcoxon hodges lehmann estimator rank sum mann whitney nonparametric anova 1 way kruskal wallis 2 way friedman ordered alternative jonckheere terpstra van der waerden test bayesian inference bayesian probability prior posterior credible interval bayes factor bayesian estimator maximum posterior estimator correlation regression analysis correlation pearson product moment partial correlation confounding variable coefficient of determination regression analysis errors and residuals regression validation mixed effects models simultaneous equations models multivariate adaptive regression splines mars template least squares and regression analysis linear regression simple linear regression ordinary least squares general linear model bayesian regression non standard predictors nonlinear regression nonparametric semiparametric isotonic robust homoscedasticity and heteroscedasticity generalized linear model exponential families logistic bernoulli binomial poisson regressions partition of variance analysis of variance anova analysis of variance ancova manova degrees of freedom categorical multivariate time series survival analysis categorical cohen s kappa contingency table graphical model log linear model mcnemar s test cochran mantel haenszel statistics multivariate regression manova principal components canonical correlation discriminant analysis cluster analysis classification structural equation model factor analysis multivariate distributions elliptical distributions normal time series general decomposition trend stationarity seasonal adjustment exponential smoothing cointegration structural break granger causality specific tests dickey fuller johansen q statistic ljung box durbin watson breusch godfrey time domain autocorrelation acf partial pacf cross correlation xcf arma model arima model box jenkins autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity arch vector autoregression var autoregressive model ar frequency domain spectral density estimation fourier analysis least squares spectral analysis wavelet whittle likelihood survival survival function kaplan meier estimator product limit proportional hazards models accelerated failure time aft model first hitting time hazard function nelson aalen estimator test log rank test applications biostatistics bioinformatics clinical trials studies epidemiology medical statistics engineering statistics chemometrics methods engineering probabilistic design process quality control reliability system identification social statistics actuarial science census crime statistics demography econometrics jurimetrics national accounts official statistics population statistics psychometrics spatial statistics cartography environmental statistics geographic information system geostatistics kriging category mathematics portal commons wikiproject authority control databases gnd retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title statistical_population oldid 1359955731 category statistical theory hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata cs1 maint periodical has isbn this page was last edited on 18 june 2026 at 08 25 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents statistical population 53 languages add topic
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