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by primordial black hole binaries when they are still orbiting relatively far from each other 64 new detections of faint dwarf galaxies and observations of their central star clusters could be used to test the hypothesis that these dark matter dominated structures contain primordial black holes in abundance monitoring star positions and velocities within the milky way could be used to detect the influence of a nearby primordial black hole it has been suggested 65 66 that a small black hole passing through the earth would produce a detectable acoustic signal because of its tiny diameter and large mass as compared to a nucleon as well as its relatively high speed a primordial black hole would simply transit earth virtually unimpeded with only a few impacts on nucleons exiting the planet with no ill effects another way to detect primordial black holes could be by watching for ripples on the surfaces of stars if the black hole passed through a star its density would cause observable vibrations 67 68 monitoring quasars in the microwave wavelength and detection of the wave optics feature of gravitational microlensing by the primordial black holes 69 observing deviations in the motion of solar system objects such as the planet mars which could arise from the rapid transit of a primordial black hole through the inner solar system 70 measurement techniques edit this section is in list format but may read better as prose you can help by converting this section if appropriate editing help is available april 2023 none of these facilities is focused on the direct detection of pbhs due to them being a theoretical phenomenon but the information collected in each respective experiment provides secondary data that can help provide insight and constraints on the nature of pbhs 10 gw detectors edit ligo virgo these detectors already place important constraints on the limits of pbhs however they re always searching for new unexpected signals if they detect a black hole in the mass range that does not correspond to stellar evolution theory it could serve as evidence for pbhs cosmic explorer einstein telescope both of these projects serve as the next generation of ligo virgo they will increase sensitivity around the 10 100 hz band and allow probing for pbh information at higher redshifts nanograv this collaboration detected a stochastic signal but it is not yet a certified gravitational wave signal since quadrupolar correlations have not been detected but should this be confirmed it could serve as evidence for sub solar mass pbhs laser interferometer space antenna lisa like any gw detector lisa has great potential to detect pbhs the uniqueness of lisa lies with its ability to detect extreme mass ratio inspirals when low mass black holes merge with massive objects due to its sensitivity it will also allow for the detection and confirmation of stochastic nanograv signals aedge atomic experiment for dark matter and gravity exploration in space this proposed mid range gravitational wave experiment has a uniqueness that lies in its detection ability of intermediate mass ratio mergers like the ones theorized during early supermassive black hole assembly should the detection of these happen it would serve as evidence for pbhs space telescopes edit nancy grace roman space telescope wfirst as a space telescope wfirst will have the capacity of detecting or at least placing constraints on pbhs through different types of lensing when an object passes in front of a known light source such as a star it slightly to the order of microarcseconds shifts its position this can be measured using astrometric lensing sky surveys edit vera c rubin observatory lsst this will provide the capability of directly measuring the mass function of compact objects by microlensing it will be able to observe both low and high mass objects thus placing constraints on both sides of the spectrum lsst will also have the ability to detect kilonovae that lack gravitational wave signals related to the existence of pbhs very large arrays edit ngvla the next generation very large array will be able to improve gw bounds by an order of magnitude over the current constraints placed by the nanograv this increased sensitivity will be able to confirm the nature of gw signals from nanograv it will also be able to discriminate a pbh explanation from other sources fast radio burst observatories edit experiments like these obtain large numbers of fast radio bursts and promote the statistical measures of their lensing which would allow for pbh lenses some examples include canadian hydrogen intensity mapping experiment chime hydrogen intensity and real time analysis experiment hirax chord successor to chime mev gamma ray telescopes edit since the mev gamma ray band has yet to be explored proposed experiments could place tighter constraints on the abundance of pbhs in the asteroid mass range some examples of the proposed telescopes include adept amego all sky astrogam gecco grams mast pangu gev and tev gamma ray observatories edit pbhs in the mass range of 5 10 19 solar masses would be producing tev gamma rays due to evaporation since these would occur in isotropic bursts across the sky wide field survey observatories would be ideal to search for these a few examples could be fgst s lat high altitude water cherenkov experiment hawc southern wide field gamma ray observatory swgo atmospheric cherenkov telescopes edit atmospheric cherenkov telescope have a narrow field of view but they have great sensitivity for tev cosmic rays and thus can provide upper limits on the burst rate density some of these telescopes are very energetic radiation imaging telescope array system veritas major atmospheric gamma imaging cherenkov telescopes magic high energy stereoscopic system hess cherenkov telescope array cta difference from direct collapse black holes edit a direct collapse black hole is the result of the collapse of unusually dense and large regions of gas after 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