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hat leads to or emphasizes education in a specific professional career field or builds practical job applicable skills emphasizing praxis in addition to the transferable skills and theoretical academic knowledge found in traditional liberal arts and pure sciences education it is used to earn or maintain professional credentials such as professional certifications or academic degrees through formal coursework at institutions known as professional schools or attending conferences and informal learning opportunities to strengthen or gain new skills 1 2 professional education has been described as intensive and collaborative ideally incorporating an evaluative stage 1 there is a variety of approaches to professional development or professional education including consultation coaching communities of practice lesson study case study capstone project mentoring reflective supervision and technical assistance 3 participants edit a wide variety of people such as teachers military officers and non commissioned officers health care professionals architects lawyers accountants and engineers engage in professional development individuals may participate in professional development because of an interest in lifelong learning a sense of moral obligation to maintain and improve professional competence to enhance career progression to keep abreast of new technology and practices or to comply with professional regulatory requirements 4 5 in the training of school staff in the united states t he need for professional development came to the forefront in the 1960s 6 many american states have professional development requirements for school teachers for example arkansas teachers must complete 60 hours of documented professional development activities annually 7 professional development credits are named differently from state to state for example teachers in indiana are required to earn 90 continuing renewal units crus per year 8 in massachusetts teachers need 150 professional development points pdps 9 and in georgia teachers must earn 10 professional learning units plus 10 american and canadian nurses as well as those in the united kingdom have to participate in formal and informal professional development earning credit based on attendance of education that has been accredited by a regulatory agency in order to maintain professional registration 11 12 13 professional schools edit this section does not cite any sources please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed may 2026 learn how and when to remove this message a professional school is a constituent college academic department or university program that prepares students through praxis for careers in specific fields most professional schools are chiefly but not exclusively graduate school level institution while in some cases universities at the undergraduate level especially at research universities where research graduate and undergraduate faculty overlap and or have close cooperation with each other may have a professional development emphasis in their education programs most professional schools confer professional degrees although not all degree programs at professional schools are considered professional degrees because professional degrees in addition to standard first level academic accreditation requirements conferred by a regional accreditation body have to go through secondary or tertiary institutional or program accreditation procedures specifically designated by professional associations of industry experts approaches edit in a broad sense professional development may include formal types of vocational education typically post secondary or poly technical training leading to qualification or credential required to obtain or retain employment professional development may also come in the form of pre service or in service professional development programs these programs may be formal or informal group or individualized individuals may pursue professional development independently or programs may be offered by human resource departments professional development on the job may develop or enhance process skills sometimes referred to as leadership skills as well as task skills some examples for process skills are effectiveness skills team functioning skills and systems thinking skills 14 15 the use of cpd for the development of skills has been collaboratively joined with schemes for professional bodies like in ireland the cpd certificates can be traded in for extra personal vacation days epv days and are provided by various bodies like actualise academy they run a service of online courses which teach special education focused skills for the upcoming demands of these skills in ireland s population citation needed professional development opportunities can range from a single workshop to a semester long academic course to services offered by a medley of different professional development providers and varying widely with respect to the philosophy content and format of the learning experiences some examples of approaches to professional development include 3 case study method the case method is a teaching approach that consists in presenting the students with a case putting them in the role of a decision maker facing a problem hammond 1976 harv error no target citerefhammond1976 help see case method consultation to assist an individual or group of individuals to clarify and address immediate concerns by following a systematic problem solving process coaching to enhance a person s competencies in a specific skill area by providing a process of observation reflection and action community of practice to improve professional practice by engaging in shared inquiry and learning with people who have a common goal lesson study to solve practical dilemmas related to intervention or instruction through participation with other professionals in systematically examining practice mentoring to promote an individual s awareness and refinement of his or her own professional development by providing and recommending structured opportunities for reflection and observation reflective supervision to support develop and ultimately evaluate the performance of employees through a process of inquiry that encourages their understanding and articulation of the rationale for their own practices technical assistance to assist individuals and their organization to improve by offering resources and information supporting networking and change efforts citation needed the world bank s 2019 world development report on the future of work argues that professional development opportunities for those both in and out of work such as flexible learning opportunities at universities and adult learning programs enable labor markets to adjust to the future of work 16 initial edit initial professional development ipd is a period of development during which an individual acquires a level of competence necessary in order to operate as an autonomous professional 17 professional associations may recognise the successful completion of ipd by the award of chartered or similar status examples of professional bodies that require ipd prior to the award of professional status are the institute of mathematics and its applications 18 the institution of structural engineers 19 and the institution of occupational safety and health 20 continuing edit continuing professional development cpd or continuing professional education cpe is continuing education to maintain knowledge and skills most professions have cpd obligations examples are the royal institution of chartered surveyors 21 american academy of financial management 22 safety professionals with the international institute of risk safety management iirsm 23 or the institution of occupational safety and health iosh 24 and medical and legal professionals who are subject to continuing medical education or continuing legal education requirements which vary by jurisdiction citation needed cpd authorities in the united kingdom include the cpd standards office 25 who work in partnership with the cpd institute 26 and also the cpd certification service 27 for example cpd by the institute of highway engineers is approved by the cpd standards office 28 and cpd by the chartered institution of highways and transportation is approved by the cpd certification service 29 in australia continuing professional development for registered health practitioners is overseen by the australian health practitioner regulation agency ahpra and the national boards which set profession specific cpd registration standards 30 delivery of cpd is supported by education providers for example ausmed is identified by the department of veterans affairs as a provider of cpd education for nurses and personal care workers 31 and healthdirect the government funded national health information service profiles ausmed s role in supplying cpd resources to the healthcare workforce 32 a systematic review published in 2019 by the campbell collaboration found little evidence of the effectiveness of continuing professional development cpd 33 see also edit apprenticeship training for trades career individual s journey through learning work and other aspects of life core competency management concept of identifying the basis of competitiveness in an industry induction training introduction to an organisation for new employees licensure form of government regulation on professions or vocations for compensation pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets mentor guidance relationship pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets organizational dissent reflective practice ability to reflect on one s actions so as to engage in a process of continuous learning training and development improving the effectiveness of organizations and the individuals and teams within them vocational education studies that prepare a person for a specific occupation arete moral virtue greek philosophical concept pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets swot analysis business planning and analysis technique references edit 1 2 speck m knipe c 2005 why can t we get it right designing high quality professional development for standards based schools 2nd ed thousand oaks corwin press need quotation to verify summer gail january 1 2006 professional education liberal arts education not a case of either or but both and intersections 2006 24 1 2 national professional development center on inclusion 2008 what do we mean by professional development in the early childhood field fpg child development institute the university of north carolina chapel hill archived from the original on july 24 2018 golding l gray i 2006 continuing professional development for clinical psychologists a practical handbook the british psychological society oxford blackwell publishing jasper m 2006 professional development reflection and decision making oxford blackwell publishing murphy latta terry 2008 a comparative study of professional development utilizing the missouri commissioner s award of excellence and indicators of student achievement p 19 isbn 9780549489900 retrieved august 12 2013 throughout the history of american education numerous theories and issues have been emphasized as important factors in teaching and learning the need for professional development for school staff came to the forefront in the 1960s permanent dead link professional development and renewal of standard teaching license arkansased org arkansas department of education archived from the original on april 30 2009 indiana certification renewal find out how to renew indiana teaching certificates on teacher world com archived from the original on september 28 2013 retrieved march 20 2014 recertification q and a massachusetts department of elementary and secondary education doe mass edu february 3 2014 retrieved march 20 2014 georgia teacher certification information georgia plu s resources online ga teaching license resources teachersprofessionallearningunits com archived from the original on december 16 2013 retrieved march 20 2014 continuing competence college of registered nurses of manitoba april 2004 archived from the original on may 31 2008 continuing education north dakota board of nursing archived from the original on february 7 2009 the nursing and midwifery council nursing and midwifery council nmc uk org march 14 2014 retrieved march 20 2014 garet m s porter a c desimone l birman b f yoon k s january 1 2001 what makes professional development effective results from a national sample of teachers american educational research journal 38 4 915 945 doi 10 3102 00028312038004915 s2cid 14682751 connecting coaches to corporates twofold asia archived from the original on june 24 2015 retrieved april 28 2015 world bank world development report 2019 the changing nature of work the uk initial professional development ipd forum http www littlerichley eclipse co uk ukipdforum initial professional development ipd the institute of mathematics and its applications retrieved june 8 2014 initial professional development the institution of structural engineers retrieved june 8 2014 membership about membership professional development about ipd iosh retrieved august 9 2014 about rcis what we do continuing professional development cpd royal institution of chartered surveyors archived from the original on january 29 2024 retrieved january 29 2024 gafm certified financial analyst certification risk certified financial planner books gafm afa accredited financial analyst certification ama accredited management accountant mmc master management consultant chartered economist continuing ed www financialanalyst org iirsm become a member membership levels archived from the original on september 27 2013 retrieved september 16 2013 membership about membership professional development about cpd iosh retrieved august 9 2014 cpd standards office retrieved november 26 2022 cpd institute retrieved november 26 2022 cpd certification service retrieved november 26 2022 institute of highway engineers cpdstandards com retrieved december 10 2022 cpd in the construction sector cpduk co uk retrieved december 10 2022 click on professional bodies continuing professional development australian health practitioner regulation agency ahpra retrieved october 13 2025 training and resources for dva contracted community nursing providers department of veterans affairs australian government june 3 2024 retrieved october 13 2025 ausmed education healthdirect australia healthdirect australia retrieved october 13 2025 filges t torgerson c gascoine l dietrichson j nielsen c viinholt ba effectiveness of continuing professional development training of welfare professionals on outcomes for children and young people a systematic review campbell systematic reviews 2019 15 e1060 https doi org 10 1002 cl2 1060 external links edit kendric c babcock 1920 edu...