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property programming wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 support in languages 2 syntax variants toggle syntax variants subsection 2 1 dot notation 2 2 bracket notation 3 example syntax toggle example syntax subsection 3 1 c 3 2 c 3 2 1 using standard c 3 2 2 c microsoft gcc llvm clang and c builder specific 3 3 d 3 4 ec 3 5 f 3 6 javascript 3 7 actionscript 3 0 3 8 object pascal delphi free pascal 3 9 objective c 2 0 3 10 php 3 11 python 3 12 ruby 3 13 visual basic 3 13 1 visual basic net 2003 2010 3 13 2 visual basic only net 2010 3 13 3 visual basic 6 4 see also 5 references toggle the table of contents property programming 12 languages беларуская тарашкевіца فارسی français 日本語 한국어 nederlands polski português русский українська tiếng việt 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia class member in object oriented programming this article needs more citations please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed find sources property programming news newspapers books scholar jstor january 2022 learn how and when to remove this message a property in some object oriented programming languages is a special sort of class member intermediate in functionality between a field or data member and a method the syntax for reading and writing of properties is like for fields but property reads and writes are usually translated to getter and setter method calls the field like syntax is easier to read and write than many method calls citation needed yet the interposition of method calls under the hood allows for data validation active updating e g of graphical user interface gui elements or implementing what may be called read only fields support in languages edit programming languages that support properties include c d ecmascript actionscript 3 javascript ec f kotlin object pascal delphi free pascal objective c 2 0 python scala swift lua and visual basic some object oriented languages such as java and c do not support properties requiring the programmer to define a pair of accessor and mutator methods instead 1 citation needed oberon 2 provides an alternative mechanism using object variable visibility flags citation needed other languages designed for the java virtual machine such as groovy support properties natively while c does not have first class properties they can be emulated with operator overloading 2 some c compilers support first class properties as language extensions citation needed in microsoft visual studio 3 gnu compiler collection gcc and llvm clang 4 the __declspec property creates properties similar to c borland c and borland codegear embarcadero c builder use the __property keyword 5 in many object oriented languages properties are implemented as a pair of accessor mutator methods but accessed using the same syntax as for public fields omitting a method from the pair yields a read only or an uncommon write only property in some languages with no built in support for properties a similar construct can be implemented as a single method that either returns or changes the underlying data depending on the context of its invocation such techniques are used e g in perl citation needed some languages ruby smalltalk achieve property like syntax using normal methods sometimes with a limited amount of syntactic sugar syntax variants edit some languages follow well established syntax conventions for formally specifying and utilizing properties and methods among these conventions dot notation bracket notation dot notation edit the following example demonstrates dot notation in javascript document createelement pre bracket notation edit the following example demonstrates bracket notation in javascript document createelement pre example syntax edit c edit class pen private int color private field public property public int color get return this color set if value 0 this color value accessing pen pen new int colortmp 0 pen color 17 colortmp pen color pen color pen color bitwise complement another silly example pen color 1 a lot clearer than pen set_color pen get_color 1 recent c versions also allow auto implemented properties where the backing field for the property is generated by the compiler during compilation this means that the property must have a setter however it can be private class shape public int height get set public int width get private set c edit this section does not cite any sources please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed october 2016 learn how and when to remove this message this article may be confusing or unclear to readers please help clarify the article there might be a discussion about this on the talk page october 2016 learn how and when to remove this message c does not have first class properties but there exist several ways to emulate properties to a limited degree two of which follow using standard c edit import std using std same_as template typename t class property t value public ensure t and t2 are the same type template typename u requires same_as t u t operator const u i value i return this implicit conversion back to t operator t const const return value struct foo properties using unnamed classes class private int value public int operator const int i return value i int operator int const return value alpha class private float value public float operator const float f return value f float operator float const return value bravo struct bar using the property template property bool alpha property unsigned int bravo int main int argc char argv foo foo foo alpha 5 foo bravo 5 132f bar bar bar alpha true bar bravo true this line will yield a compile time error due to the guard template member function std println foo alpha foo bravo bar alpha bar bravo return 0 c microsoft gcc llvm clang and c builder specific edit an example adapted from the msdn documentation page declspec_property cpp struct integer int value void setvalue int j noexcept value j nodiscard int getvalue const noexcept return i __declspec property get getvalue put setvalue int prop int main integer s s prop 5 return 0 d edit class pen private int mycolor private field public get property public int color return mycolor public set property public void color int value mycolor value pen pen new pen pen color pen color bitwise complement the set property can also be used in expressions just like regular assignment int thecolor pen color 0xff0000 in d version 2 each property accessor or mutator must be marked with property class pen private int mycolor private field public get property property public int color return mycolor public set property property public void color int value mycolor value ec edit class pen private data member color color public public property property color color get return color set color value pen blackpen color black pen whitepen color white pen pen3 color 30 80 120 pen pen4 color colorhsv 90 20 40 f edit type pen class let mutable _ color 0 member this color with get _ color and set value _ color value end let pen new pen pen color pen color javascript edit function pen this _color 0 add the property to the pen type itself can also be set on the instance individually object defineproperties pen prototype color get function return this _color set function value this _color value var pen new pen pen color pen color bitwise complement pen color 1 add one actionscript 3 0 edit package public class pen private var _color uint 0 public function get color uint return _color public function set color value uint void _color value var pen pen new pen pen color pen color bitwise complement pen color 1 add one object pascal delphi free pascal edit type tpen class private fcolor tcolor function getcolor tcolor procedure setcolor const avalue tcolor public property color integer read getcolor write setcolor end function tpen getcolor tcolor begin result fcolor end procedure tpen setcolor const avalue tcolor begin if fcolor avalue then fcolor avalue end accessing var pen tpen pen color not pen color delphi and free pascal also support a direct field syntax property color tcolor read fcolor write setcolor or property color tcolor read getcolor write fcolor where the compiler generates the exact same code as for reading and writing a field this offers the efficiency of a field with the safety of a property a pointer cannot get to the property and a member access can always be replaced with a method call objective c 2 0 edit interface pen nsobject property copy nscolor colour the copy attribute causes the object s copy to be retained instead of the original end implementation pen synthesize colour compiler directive to synthesise accessor methods it can be left behind in xcode 4 5 and later end the above example could be used in an arbitrary method like this pen pen pen alloc init pen colour nscolor blackcolor float red pen colour redcomponent pen colour drawswatchinrect nsmakerect 0 0 100 100 php edit class pen private int color 1 function __set property value if property_exists this property this property value function __get property if property_exists this property return this property return null p new pen p color p color bitwise complement echo p color python edit properties only work correctly for new style classes classes that have object as a superclass and are only available in python 2 2 and newer see the relevant section of the tutorial unifying types and classes in python 2 2 python 2 6 added a new syntax involving decorators for defining properties class pen _color int private variable def __init__ self none self _color 0 property def color self int return self _color color setter def color self color int none self _color color pen pen pen accessing pen color pen color bitwise complement ruby edit class pen def initialize color 0 end defines a getter for the color field def color color end defines a setter for the color field def color value color value end end pen pen new pen color pen color bitwise complement ruby also provides automatic getter setter synthesizers defined as instance methods of class class pen attr_reader brand generates a getter for brand read only attr_writer size generates a setter for size write only attr_accessor color generates both a getter and setter for color read write def initialize color 0 within the object we can access the instance variable directly brand penbrand size 0 7 but we could also use the setter method defined by the attr_accessor class instance method end end pen pen new puts pen brand accesses the pen brand through the generated getter pen size 0 5 updates the size field of the pen through the generated setter pen color pen color visual basic edit visual basic net 2003 2010 edit public class pen private _color as integer private field public property color as integer public property get return _color end get set byval value as integer _color value end set end property end class create pen class instance dim pen as new pen set value pen color 1 get value dim color as int32 pen color visual basic only net 2010 edit public class pen public property color as integer public property end class create pen class instance dim pen as new pen set value pen color 1 get value dim color as int32 pen color visual basic 6 edit in a class named clspen private m_color as long public property get color as long color m_color end property public property let color byval rhs as long m_color rhs end property accessing dim pen as new clspen pen color not pen color see also edit variable computer science attribute object oriented programming bound property field computer science indexer programming method computer programming mutator method uniform access principle references edit accessors and mutators in java c corner community of software and data developers retrieved 5 january 2022 portability of native c properties stack overflow stack overflow retrieved 5 january 2022 property c microsoft technical documentation microsoft retrieved 5 january 2022 clang mspropertydecl class reference clang a c language family frontend for llvm retrieved 5 january 2022 __property keyword extension embarcadero idera documentation wiki retrieved 5 january 2022 authority control databases encyclopedia of modern ukraine retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title property_ programming oldid 1363136148 categories object oriented programming programming language comparisons hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles needing additional references from january 2022 all articles needing additional references all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from march 2020 articles needing additional references from october 2016 wikipedia articles needing clarification from october 2016 all wikipedia articles needing clarification articles with example basic code articles with example c code articles with example c sharp code articles with example d code articles with example javascript code articles with example pascal code articles with example php code articles with example python programming language code articles with example ruby code this page was last edited on 8 july 2026 at 07 37 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents property programming 12 languages add topic