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prunus cerasus wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 description 2 taxonomy 3 distribution and habitat 4 cultivation 5 production 6 uses toggle uses subsection 6 1 culinary 7 gallery 8 cultivars 9 see also 10 references 11 bibliography 12 external links toggle the table of contents prunus cerasus 88 languages aragonés العربية مصرى asturianu azərbaycanca تۆرکجه boarisch беларуская тарашкевіца беларуская български বাংলা bosanski català cebuano کوردی corsu čeština kaszëbsczi чӑвашла cymraeg dansk deutsch dolnoserbski ελληνικά esperanto español eesti euskara فارسی suomi võro français nordfriisk furlan galego עברית hrvatski hornjoserbsce magyar հայերեն bahasa indonesia гӏалгӏай italiano 日本語 ქართული адыгэбзэ қазақша 한국어 kurdî ladino лакку lietuvių latviešu македонски bahasa melayu nederlands norsk nynorsk norsk bokmål occitan ирон picard polski piemontèis پښتو português runa simi română руски русский srpskohrvatski српскохрватски slovenčina slovenščina shqip српски srpski svenska тоҷикӣ ไทย türkçe татарча tatarça тыва дыл українська oʻzbekcha ўзбекча tiếng việt walon winaray 吴语 მარგალური 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikispecies wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia species of cherry tree amarelle redirects here for the spanish beach footballer see ramiro figueiras amarelle sour cherry redirects here for other uses see list of plants known as sour cherry prunus cerasus 1897 illustration 1 scientific classification kingdom plantae clade tracheophytes clade angiosperms clade eudicots clade rosids order rosales family rosaceae genus prunus subgenus prunus subg cerasus species p cerasus binomial name prunus cerasus l 1753 synonyms 2 list cerasus acida ehrh borkh cerasus austera l borkh cerasus austera l m roem cerasus collina lej courtois cerasus fruticosa pall cerasus vulgaris mill druparia cerasus l clairv prunus acida ehrh prunus aestiva salisb prunus austera l ehrh prunus caproniana l gaudin prunus recta liegel k koch prunus semperflorens ehrh prunus cerasus sour cherry 3 tart cherry or dwarf cherry 4 is an old world species of prunus in the subgenus cerasus cherries it has two main groups of cultivars the dark red morello cherry and the lighter red amarelle cherry the sour pulp is edible description edit the tree is smaller than the sweet cherry growing to a height of 4 10 m has twiggy branches and its crimson to near black cherries are borne upon shorter stalks it is closely related to the sweet cherry prunus avium but has a fruit that is more acidic its fruit persists for an average of 17 4 days and always bears 1 seed per fruit fruits average 84 9 water and their dry weight includes 39 7 carbohydrates and 1 0 lipids 5 taxonomy edit illustration of morello cherry a blooming sour cherry tree prunus cerasus a tetraploid with 2n 32 chromosomes is thought to have originated as a natural hybrid between prunus avium and prunus fruticosa in the iranian plateau or eastern europe where the two species come into contact prunus fruticosa is believed to have provided its smaller size and sour tasting fruit the hybrids then stabilized and interbred to form a new distinct species 6 there are two main varieties groups of cultivars of the sour cherry the dark red morello cherry and the lighter red amarelle cherry 7 distribution and habitat edit it is distributed in much of europe north africa and west asia there are likely no truly wild occurrences however particularly the subspecies acida easily escapes cultivation and is naturalized throughout the growing area 8 cultivation edit cultivated sour cherries were selected from wild specimens of prunus cerasus from around the caspian and black seas 9 and were known to the greeks in 300 bc they were also used by persians and the romans who introduced them into britain long before the 1st century ad citation needed as early as the 12th century a morello type sour cherry was grown in the schaerbeek region of belgium 10 schaerbeek cherries were devastated by the napoleonic and world wars today there are efforts to reestablish schaerbeek sour cherries a defining component of kriek lambic beer culture in belgium recognized by unesco in 2016 as an intangible cultural heritage of humanity although a morello type schaerbeek cherries are distinctive in that they are ovate on the horizontal axis a deeper burgundy color when ripe have a lower chill requirement to set fruit and have a distinctive cinnamon aroma and flavor 11 in england sour cherry cultivation was popularized in the 16th century in the time of henry viii they became a common crop amongst kentish growers and by 1640 over two dozen named cultivars were recorded citation needed before the second world war there were more than fifty cultivars of sour cherry in cultivation in england today however few are grown commercially and despite the continuation of named cultivars such as kentish red amarelles griottes and flemish only the generic morello is offered by most nurseries this is a late flowering variety and thus misses more frosts than its sweet counterpart and is therefore a more reliable cropper the morello cherry ripens in mid to late summer toward the end of august in southern england it is self fertile and would be a good pollenizer for other varieties if it did not flower so late in the season citation needed sour cherries require similar cultivation conditions to pears that is they prefer a rich well drained moist soil although they demand more nitrogen and water than sweet cherries trees will do badly if waterlogged but have greater tolerance of poor drainage than sweet varieties as with sweet cherries morellos are traditionally cultivated by budding onto strong growing rootstocks which produce trees too large for most gardens although newer dwarfing rootstocks such as colt and gisella are now available during spring flowers should be protected and trees weeded mulched and sprayed with natural seaweed solution this is also the time when any required pruning should be carried out note that cherries should not be pruned during the dormant winter months morello cherry trees fruit on younger wood than sweet varieties and thus can be pruned harder they are usually grown as standards but can be fan trained cropping well even on cold walls or grown as low bushes 12 sour cherries suffer fewer pests and diseases than sweet cherries although they are prone to heavy fruit losses from birds in summer fruit should be protected with netting when harvesting fruit they should be cut from the tree rather than risking damage by pulling the stalks citation needed unlike most sweet cherry varieties sour cherries are self fertile or self pollenizing two implications of this are that seeds generally run true to the cultivar and that much smaller pollinator populations are needed because pollen only has to be moved within individual flowers in areas where pollinators are scarce growers find that stocking beehives in orchards improves yields 12 sour cherry production 2022 in tonnes 13 russia 297 200 poland 183 800 ukraine 180 240 turkey 176 770 serbia 164 446 iran 134 055 united states 110 770 world 1 593 025 production edit in 2022 world production of sour cherries was 1 6 million tonnes led by russia with 19 of the total other major producers were poland ukraine and turkey uses edit culinary edit the sour pulp is edible 14 dried sour cherries are used in cooking including soups pork dishes cakes tarts and pies they are also used to make a jam fruit spread 15 sour cherries are particularly common in turkey especially in the form of vişne suyu sour cherry nectar a widely consumed beverage and vişne reçeli sour cherry jam often eaten as part of a traditional breakfast or mixed into plain yoghurt citation needed sour cherries or sour cherry syrup are used in liqueurs and drinks such as the romanian vișinată or the portuguese ginjinha in iran turkey greece and cyprus sour cherries are prized for making spoon sweets by slowly boiling pitted sour cherries and sugar the syrup thereof is used for sharbat e albalou vişne şurubu or vyssináda a beverage made by diluting the syrup with ice cold water a particular use of sour cherries is in the production of kriek lambic a cherry flavored variety of a naturally fermented beer made in belgium 16 17 in germany and austria sour cherries are used for desserts such as the donauwelle cherry bounce is made by infusing sour cherries in old french brandy gallery edit worldwide sour cherry production 2024 ripe sour cherries hungary ripe sour cherries and their leaves iran sour cherries kriek lambic is infused with sour cherries cultivars edit some notable cultivars are morello ostheim cherry stevnsbær pándy meggy amarena cherry prunus cerasus var amarena marasca cherry prunus cerasus var marasca griotte de kleparow balaton cherry montmorency cherry north star cherry a dwarf variety for commercial production morello is the main cultivar grown in central europe while the montmorency variety is the most common in the us 9 kütahya is the most important in turkey oblačinska in serbia see also edit fruit tree propagation ginjinha a portuguese liqueur made from sour cherries kirsch kriek a traditional belgian beer made with sour cherries pruning fruit trees sour cherry soup syzygium corynanthum an australian rainforest tree also known as the sour cherry vișinată a romanian liqueur made with sour cherries vișina in romanian references edit illustration from franz eugen köhler köhler s medizinal pflanzen 1897 the plant list a working list of all plant species retrieved january 27 2014 nrcs prunus cerasus plants database united states department of agriculture usda retrieved 14 october 2015 bsbi list 2007 xls botanical society of britain and ireland archived from the original xls on 2015 06 26 retrieved 2014 10 17 ehrlén eriksson 1991 stocks christopher 2009 britain s forgotten fruits flora 1 1 200 webster s new international dictionary of the english language springfield massachusetts g c merriam co 1913 see amarelle at p 67 portraits der im capitulare de villis aufgelisteten pflanzen biozac de retrieved 2025 08 08 1 2 josé quero garcía amy iezzoni gregorio lópez ortega cameron peace mathieu fouché elisabeth dirlewanger mirko schuster 2019 advances and challenges in cherry breeding doi 10 19103 as 2018 0040 17 a history of brussels beer in 50 objects 13 schaarbeekse kriek brussels beer city 2021 10 08 retrieved 2026 08 30 our beers lyons peak brewing company 2026 04 26 retrieved 2026 08 30 1 2 growing cherries pdf michigan state university extension oakland county 2012 archived from the original pdf on 2017 02 02 retrieved 2016 11 01 faostat of the united nations production of sour cherries in 2022 pick lists by crops regions production quantity year united nations food and agriculture organization corporate statistical database 2024 retrieved 10 july 2024 little elbert l 1980 the audubon society field guide to north american trees eastern region new york knopf p 498 isbn 0 394 50760 6 bozhuyuk mehmet r 2022 morphological and biochemical characterization of wild sour cherry prunus cerasus l germplasm erwerbs obstbau 64 3 357 363 doi 10 1007 s10341 022 00656 z jackson michael 1997 the simon schuster pocket guide to beer simon and schuster p 80 isbn 978 0 684 84381 0 guinda frutasdelbosque org in spanish 28 september 2021 bibliography edit ehrlén johan eriksson ove 1991 phenological variation in fruit characteristics in vertebrate dispersed plants oecologia 86 4 463 470 doi 10 1007 bf00318311 issn 0029 8549 external links edit wikimedia commons has media related to prunus cerasus prunus cerasus plants for a future prunus cerasus austera plants for a future prunus cerasus caproniana plants for a future prunus cerasus frutescens plants for a future prunus cerasus marasca plants for a future v t e cherry cultivars sweet bigaroon mazzard bing black republican black tartarian chelan chinook emperor francis ferrovia germersdorfer hudson lambert lapins picota rainier regina royal ann napoleon sam schmidt skeena stella sweetheart tieton ulster van bing cherries sour amarelle morello amarena balaton evans griotte de kleparow kütahya marasca montmorency morello north star oblačinska ostheim pándy stevnsbær other edible nanking category taxon identifiers prunus cerasus wikidata q131517 wikispecies prunus cerasus apdb 152751 apni 112545 biolib 39515 bold 254421 col 4n8qs ecocrop 8970 eol 242597 eppo prnce eunis 179305 fna 242341450 gbif old 3021922 grin 29866 inaturalist 68763 ipa 11573 ipni 729574 1 irmng 10586559 itis 24773 michiganflora 2520 natureserve 2 159252 nbn nbnsys0000003418 ncbi 140311 nswflora prunus cerasus nzor c38a71dc 3a82 4cbd 8e8f 7c078f77e022 nzpcn prunus cerasus open tree of life 900499 pfi 2230 plant list rjp 696 plants prce powo urn lsid ipni org names 729574 1 rhs 160703 tropicos 27800133 vascan 8861 vicflora d7b814ff ab17 4b90 b923 4cf518b94888 wfo wfo 0001016331 authority control databases international gnd national united states czech republic 2 israel other yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title prunus_cerasus oldid 1372118937 categories cherries flora of europe flora of western asia flora of the caucasus plants described in 1753 prunus sour cherries sour fruits fruit trees botanical taxa named by carl linnaeus hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles with species microformats all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from november 2022 articles with unsourced statements from december 2023 cs1 spanish language sources es commons category link from wikidata taxonbars with 30 34 taxon ids this page was last edited on 30 august 2026 at 12 07 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents prunus cerasus 88 languages add topic