Meta tags:

Headings (most frequently used words):

psoriasis, signs, and, other, cardiovascular, agents, contents, symptoms, causes, pathophysiology, diagnosis, co, morbidities, management, prognosis, epidemiology, history, society, culture, research, references, further, reading, external, links, plaque, forms, psoriatic, arthritis, nail, changes, medical, genetics, lifestyle, hiv, microbes, medications, classification, complications, depression, type, diabetes, topical, uv, phototherapy, systemic, surgery, diet, disease, diseases, cost, pustular, inverse, napkin, guttate, erythrodermic, mouth, seborrheic, like, morphological, pathogenetic, severity,

Text of the page (most frequently used words):
the (489), #psoriasis (433), and (359), with (163), pmid (113), for (107), doi (106), skin (87), are (72), from (68), may (65), psoriatic (60), dermatology (59), treatment (55), journal (51), that (51), edit (50), pmc (49), disease (46), people (44), arthritis (43), have (42), cells (40), risk (39), plaque (37), has (37), 2013 (36), 2012 (36), been (34), can (34), also (33), guttate (31), associated (30), other (29), therapy (29), inflammatory (29), review (28), 1016 (27), these (27), s2cid (26), such (26), which (26), archived (25), phototherapy (25), use (24), increased (24), immune (24), original (23), treatments (23), clinical (23), topical (23), when (23), used (23), pustular (22), systemic (22), american (22), severe (22), this (21), 2019 (21), most (21), diseases (20), cell (20), more (20), interleukin (20), retrieved (19), nail (19), inflammation (19), systematic (18), chronic (18), those (18), july (17), lichen (17), than (17), 2015 (17), common (17), severity (17), not (17), august (16), january (16), february (16), 2011 (16), cardiovascular (16), found (16), typically (16), about (15), oral (15), 2016 (15), june (15), 2017 (15), march (15), medical (15), diagnosis (15), medications (15), there (15), individuals (15), medicine (14), index (14), 978 (14), isbn (14), uvb (14), symptoms (14), higher (14), form (14), plaques (14), was (13), october (13), pityriasis (13), management (13), therapies (13), association (13), developing (13), 2014 (13), evidence (13), reviews (13), effects (13), anti (13), tnf (13), agents (13), term (13), effective (13), light (13), vitamin (13), hiv (13), include (13), affected (13), system (13), genes (13), articles (12), conditions (12), international (12), epidermal (12), november (12), cancer (12), 2010 (12), research (12), 1111 (12), biologics (12), ultraviolet (12), type (12), changes (12), their (12), commonly (12), known (12), some (12), often (12), but (12), vulgaris (11), history (11), april (11), factors (11), 1002 (11), cochrane (11), moderate (11), factor (11), cytokines (11), cases (11), due (11), two (11), time (10), national (10), dermatitis (10), seborrheic (10), red (10), genetics (10), 1007 (10), between (10), appearance (10), quality (10), life (10), academy (10), role (10), 14651858 (10), database (10), human (10), antibodies (10), long (10), 2009 (10), genetic (10), depression (10), 100 (10), score (10), body (10), during (10), lesions (10), they (10), increase (10), age (10), one (10), condition (10), exposure (10), toggle (9), wikipedia (9), under (9), 2020 (9), autoimmune (9), inverse (9), l40 (9), september (9), 2008 (9), new (9), care (9), 2007 (9), griffiths (9), feldman (9), patients (9), diet (9), methotrexate (9), diabetes (9), pasi (9), many (9), protein (9), involved (9), patches (9), 2023 (8), small (8), like (8), napkin (8), drug (8), disorders (8), melanoma (8), classification (8), menter (8), december (8), 2021 (8), times (8), koo (8), jaad (8), british (8), pathogenesis (8), dermatological (8), pub2 (8), biologic (8), van (8), scalp (8), inhibitors (8), family (8), based (8), cytokine (8), 133 (8), study (8), including (8), were (8), however (8), affect (8), studies (8), similar (8), infliximab (8), infection (8), forms (8), puva (8), involves (8), areas (8), nails (7), localized (7), generalized (7), carcinoma (7), world (7), guidelines (7), affects (7), mechanisms (7), environmental (7), pdf (7), acid (7), drugs (7), tanning (7), area (7), response (7), european (7), general (7), treated (7), particularly (7), another (7), thought (7), identified (7), mild (7), occurs (7), weeks (7), mouth (7), types (7), characterized (7), signs (7), subsection (7), non (6), links (6), different (6), syndrome (6), planus (6), induced (6), acute (6), without (6), health (6), global (6), aspects (6), clindermatol (6), clinics (6), meta (6), analysis (6), current (6), 2006 (6), reported (6), 1365 (6), phase (6), pathways (6), joint (6), its (6), over (6), causes (6), development (6), erythrodermic (6), being (6), against (6), high (6), main (6), heart (6), person (6), both (6), scaly (6), occur (6), appears (6), rate (6), children (6), itching (6), benefit (6), oil (6), monoclonal (6), dendritic (6), signals (6), corticosteroids (6), complications (6), layer (6), move (6), search (5), safety (5), additional (5), organization (5), page (5), link (5), lichenoides (5), erythema (5), parapsoriasis (5), squamous (5), tumor (5), icd (5), related (5), s13555 (5), suppl (5), 141 (5), linked (5), krueger (5), liao (5), 2133 (5), apremilast (5), antibody (5), chen (5), psoralen (5), impact (5), corticosteroid (5), loci (5), dlqi (5), activity (5), into (5), events (5), card14 (5), infections (5), rash (5), incidence (5), target (5), while (5), side (5), immunosuppressive (5), suggested (5), morbidities (5), three (5), same (5), first (5), itchy (5), any (5), population (5), combination (5), odds (5), even (5), blood (5), well (5), several (5), certain (5), after (5), limited (5), needed (5), medication (5), uva (5), usually (5), cause (5), alone (5), creams (5), epidermis (5), dermis (5), papules (5), twin (5), folds (5), contents (4), view (4), contact (4), foundation (4), commons (4), categories (4), all (4), unsourced (4), statements (4), short (4), cutaneous (4), data (4), france (4), united (4), keratosis (4), lupus (4), actinic (4), erythroderma (4), leprosy (4), simplex (4), derm (4), who (4), hdl (4), report (4), day (4), 012 (4), 1155 (4), ifpa (4), part (4), rheumatology (4), future (4), gudjonsson (4), comorbidities (4), guide (4), celiac (4), manifestations (4), 1038 (4), 2147 (4), lee (4), chimenti (4), korman (4), controlled (4), efficacy (4), fully (4), present (4), jid (4), investigative (4), th17 (4), liu (4), com (4), indoor (4), water (4), sea (4), lebwohl (4), voorhees (4), emollients (4), flare (4), vascular (4), growth (4), barrier (4), roberson (4), action (4), society (4), cold (4), treating (4), alcohol (4), mutations (4), issn (4), recent (4), 108 (4), pain (4), important (4), tongue (4), english (4), less (4), treat (4), 142 (4), characteristic (4), cost (4), estimated (4), hypertension (4), coal (4), developed (4), likely (4), compared (4), cancers (4), liver (4), greater (4), decreased (4), strong (4), frequently (4), self (4), tools (4), experience (4), prognosis (4), decreases (4), white (4), reduce (4), consumption (4), effect (4), citation (4), develop (4), antigen (4), etanercept (4), receptor (4), necrosis (4), line (4), each (4), four (4), proteins (4), specific (4), retinoids (4), should (4), production (4), damage (4), mechanism (4), major (4), seen (4), surrounding (4), either (4), analogs (4), clearance (4), help (4), very (4), them (4), classified (4), positive (4), hla (4), tissue (4), cd4 (4), joints (4), helper (4), secrete (4), keratinocytes (4), gene (4), triggered (4), psors1 (4), hide (4), sidebar (4), code (3), text (3), available (3), terms (3), using (3), site (3), wikimedia (3), 2026 (3), wikidata (3), containing (3), wayback (3), greek (3), org (3), states (3), lichenoid (3), sclerosus (3), ulcerative (3), bullous (3), pilaris (3), rosea (3), dermatosis (3), pustulosis (3), impetigo (3), papulosquamous (3), syphilis (3), pemphigoid (3), pemphigus (3), folliculitis (3), tinea (3), erythematosus (3), sclerosis (3), purpura (3), involvement (3), herpes (3), secondary (3), basal (3), external (3), assessment (3), year (3), further (3), warren (3), associations (3), 1097 (3), acta (3), 107 (3), million (3), stroke (3), free (3), 131 (3), investigational (3), risks (3), patient (3), public (3), point (3), 103 (3), venereology (3), hughes (3), cleach (3), interventions (3), reich (3), leonardi (3), gordon (3), phosphodiesterase (3), 015 (3), network (3), mabs (3), garcía (3), ixekizumab (3), 167 (3), www (3), acitretin (3), band (3), beds (3), yang (3), university (3), dead (3), cd009687 (3), cd005028 (3), 1080 (3), recommendations (3), smith (3), group (3), s0140 (3), 6736 (3), lancet (3), elder (3), relationship (3), through (3), expert (3), immunology (3), 5070 (3), online (3), spondylitis (3), ustekinumab (3), endothelial (3), barker (3), chalmers (3), board (3), primary (3), fitzpatrick (3), profiles (3), activation (3), potential (3), function (3), bowcock (3), bowel (3), aids (3), findings (3), hsu (3), surgery (3), cd011972 (3), lifestyle (3), physician (3), jordan (3), cao (3), duan (3), helms (3), ajhg (3), psors2 (3), rare (3), variants (3), biological (3), profile (3), certolizumab (3), geographic (3), diagnostic (3), epidemiology (3), prevalence (3), years (3), burden (3), protection (3), targets (3), play (3), various (3), kinase (3), costs (3), per (3), dermatologists (3), culture (3), effectiveness (3), believed (3), described (3), out (3), because (3), among (3), called (3), willan (3), psora (3), crohn (3), third (3), before (3), americans (3), attributed (3), 116 (3), following (3), levels (3), number (3), ability (3), metabolic (3), stress (3), suggest (3), 124 (3), obesity (3), measure (3), social (3), effectively (3), affecting (3), functions (3), located (3), generally (3), fish (3), suggests (3), support (3), specifically (3), worsen (3), neutralizing (3), efalizumab (3), molecules (3), pathway (3), pregnancy (3), infected (3), virus (3), rapid (3), get (3), might (3), appear (3), sun (3), better (3), steroids (3), emollient (3), tar (3), how (3), monotherapy (3), superior (3), wide (3), genome (3), impairment (3), surface (3), presents (3), cw6 (3), disorder (3), biopsy (3), abnormal (3), confused (3), numerous (3), induce (3), pattern (3), susceptibility (3), result (3), trauma (3), steroid (3), cream (3), blockers (3), beta (3), trigger (3), dryness (3), chromosome (3), mhc (3), variant (3), encodes (3), around (3), fingers (3), toenails (3), scales (3), widespread (3), back (3), languages (2), table (2), privacy (2), policy (2), profit (2), ready (2), translate (2), language (2), vague (2), ambiguous (2), archival (2), ancient (2), description (2), control (2), portal (2), reaction (2), versus (2), chronica (2), idiopathic (2), macular (2), perstans (2), nitidus (2), hepatitis (2), pigmented (2), morphology (2), annular (2), rubra (2), large (2), varioliformis (2), acuta (2), palmaris (2), plantaris (2), herpetiformis (2), mucous (2), membrane (2), candidiasis (2), stomatitis (2), acne (2), alopecia (2), hair (2), annulare (2), papular (2), eruption (2), hypopigmented (2), mycosis (2), fungoides (2), vitiligo (2), blistering (2), cyst (2), granular (2), benign (2), dermal (2), nevus (2), 361 (2), 365 (2), medlineplus (2), resources (2), 10665 (2), baker (2), arsenic (2), 200 (2), reading (2), patel (2), emerging (2), 980419 (2), managed (2), 2025 (2), machine (2), federation (2), benedek (2), arthropathy (2), historical (2), rhu (2), 351 (2), science (2), 2004 (2), today (2), nature (2), bible (2), 105 (2), childhood (2), 009 (2), 2024 (2), parisi (2), ashcroft (2), dying (2), ghazizadeh (2), hyperlipidemia (2), sciences (2), mehta (2), 008 (2), 127 (2), shared (2), edinburgh (2), mosby (2), elsevier (2), 323 (2), color (2), bullying (2), 1186 (2), outcomes (2), debbaneh (2), 017 (2), gluten (2), gastroenterology (2), hepatology (2), ccid (2), 119 (2), cosmetic (2), beroukhim (2), farahnik (2), singh (2), nakamura (2), balato (2), 3390 (2), 4103 (2), 0378 (2), 6323 (2), indian (2), leprology (2), johnston (2), 168 (2), tonsils (2), 09546634 (2), cd011571 (2), antistreptococcal (2), inhibitor (2), iii (2), randomized (2), trial (2), esteem (2), cd010497 (2), fumaric (2), esters (2), targeting (2), cd011535 (2), immunogenicity (2), cd010017 (2), novel (2), gold (2), rheumatoid (2), trials (2), dogra (2), experimental (2), yentzer (2), prens (2), der (2), oclc (2), narrow (2), artificial (2), zhang (2), cd009481 (2), narrowband (2), glycerin (2), safe (2), sciencedaily (2), chan (2), cd011941 (2), salt (2), baths (2), katz (2), scientific (2), therapeutic (2), 006 (2), off (2), elmets (2), gottlieb (2), beutner (2), bhushan (2), 032 (2), schlager (2), nast (2), mason (2), iversen (2), 311 (2), analyses (2), cd011541 (2), stuart (2), nair (2), 025 (2), 2340 (2), 101 (2), dermato (2), venereologica (2), tsai (2), morbidity (2), advances (2), comprehensive (2), tender (2), enthesitis (2), leeds (2), dactylitis (2), fatigue (2), criteria (2), supplement (2), mrowietz (2), daudén (2), s00403 (2), archives (2), consensus (2), piérard (2), 147413 (2), il23 (2), axis (2), mediated (2), young (2), ortonne (2), fry (2), according (2), 2003 (2), mcgraw (2), hill (2), 979258 (2), autoimmunity (2), 2018 (2), mudigonda (2), molecule (2), 1600 (2), 524 (2), community (2), nursing (2), distinct (2), roles (2), onset (2), case (2), managing (2), winter (2), pierson (2), joyce (2), ryan (2), mcbride (2), hwu (2), goldbach (2), mansky (2), lowes (2), 22521418 (2), 3376640 (2), 784 (2), encoding (2), 7564 (2), bmj (2), 333 (2), 380 (2), 2005 (2), 613086 (2), 2165 (2), sacroiliac (2), 106 (2), dddt (2), 339 (2), design (2), era (2), 1684 (2), ejd (2), 2001 (2), statpearls (2), moisturizers (2), bibcode (2), molecular (2), raychaudhuri (2), eds (2), reactive (2), approach (2), jones (2), education (2), injury (2), regional (2), disability (2), 386 (2), merriam (2), webster (2), dictionary (2), cambridge (2), references (2), 2010s (2), 23p19 (2), contributing (2), administered (2), investigation (2), billion (2), direct (2), significantly (2), lung (2), gathers (2), every (2), countries (2), 18th (2), widely (2), early (2), preparations (2), 136 (2), dermatologist (2), arthritic (2), admiral (2), months (2), participation (2), halsey (2), 135 (2), thomas (2), bateman (2), see (2), regular (2), leprosa (2), lepra (2), colitis (2), adults (2), varies (2), responsible (2), five (2), descent (2), uncommon (2), rates (2), few (2), increases (2), tract (2), multiple (2), 120 (2), having (2), understood (2), slightly (2), especially (2), improvements (2), markers (2), statins (2), improve (2), 126 (2), 128 (2), lfa (2), lipid (2), disturbances (2), strongly (2), younger (2), duration (2), 125 (2), least (2), feel (2), low (2), psychological (2), lead (2), significant (2), exist (2), diminished (2), interfere (2), activities (2), difficult (2), hands (2), feet (2), 115 (2), caffeine (2), avoid (2), salmon (2), show (2), alpha (2), immunologic (2), guselkumab (2), neutralization (2), binding (2), binds (2), longer (2), receptors (2), probably (2), innate (2), presence (2), subunit (2), blocks (2), market (2), alefacept (2), way (2), inhibit (2), share (2), approved (2), lasting (2), fda (2), adalimumab (2), 102 (2), process (2), unlike (2), demonstrated (2), actions (2), ciclosporin (2), must (2), tests (2), eight (2), initiation (2), combines (2), abnormally (2), burning (2), plus (2), useful (2), dimers (2), cycle (2), dna (2), susceptible (2), facility (2), could (2), considered (2), center (2), primarily (2), doses (2), does (2), erythemogenic (2), lamps (2), daily (2), combined (2), scores (2), observed (2), nonmelanoma (2), balneotherapy (2), spots (2), decrease (2), directly (2), scale (2), analogues (2), example (2), calcipotriol (2), much (2), dual (2), minimal (2), placebo (2), potent (2), only (2), options (2), cure (2), conventional (2), connected (2), visible (2), contribute (2), tomography (2), aortic (2), tool (2), then (2), maximal (2), dermatologic (2), defined (2), bsa (2), distribution (2), researchers (2), starts (2), accounts (2), leukocyte (2), pathogenetic (2), characteristics (2), flexural (2), acrodermatitis (2), continua (2), morphological (2), performed (2), shows (2), microscopy (2), finding (2), mature (2), infiltrates (2), cd8 (2), superficial (2), thickening (2), includes (2), misdiagnosed (2), eczema (2), typical (2), painful (2), special (2), psoriasiform (2), hyperplasia (2), neutrophils (2), corneal (2), interferon (2), chemical (2), signal (2), stimulate (2), excessive (2), sequence (2), pathological (2), leads (2), days (2), usual (2), involving (2), regulatory (2), pathophysiology (2), withdrawal (2), streptococcal (2), microbes (2), cellular (2), exacerbation (2), subset (2), cigarette (2), smoking (2), studied (2), climate (2), expresses (2), locus (2), il12b (2), controls (2), within (2), twins (2), identical (2), bleeding (2), koebner (2), phenomenon (2), pitting (2), yellow (2), drop (2), toes (2), shaped (2), swelling (2), knees (2), mucosa (2), exfoliation (2), pink (2), limbs (2), palms (2), diaper (2), improves (2), inflamed (2), raised (2), filled (2), noninfectious (2), pus (2), pustules (2), covered (2), silvery (2), frequency (2), adulthood (2), top (2), purple (2), upload (2), file (2), read (2), article (2), bahasa (2), беларуская (2), log (2), create (2), account (2), donate (2), menu (2), add, topic, mobile, cookie, statement, statistics, developers, conduct, legal, contacts, disclaimers, apply, you, agree, registered, trademark, inc, creative, attribution, sharealike, license, rendered, parsoid, last, edited, utc, hidden, emergency, category, latin, webarchive, template, linking, deprecated, repositories, 1453, dmy, dates, good, https, php, title, oldid, 1371791255, yale, lux, israel, czech, republic, japan, bnf, gnd, authority, databases, graft, host, kraurosis, vulvae, eruptive, pigmentation, dyschromicum, gianotti, crosti, ruber, moniliformis, striatus, pemphigoides, erythematosis, overlap, syndromes, vulvovaginal, peno, ginival, mucosal, atrophic, hypertrophic, linear, configuration, amiantacea, rotunda, retiform, xanthoerythrodermia, digitate, lymphomatoid, papulosis, bacterid, acropustulosis, von, zumbusch, histoplasmosis, coxsackievirus, herpesvirus, cicatricial, leukoplakia, aphthous, ingrown, paronychia, onychomycosis, keloidalis, nuchae, decalvans, planopilaris, loose, anagen, capitis, areata, androgenic, telogen, effluvium, ulcers, miscellaneous, necrobiosis, lipoidica, atrophicus, granuloma, morphea, scleroderma, indurated, vasculitis, disseminated, intravascular, coagulation, solar, thrombocytopenic, nonblanchable, igne, centrifugum, gyratum, repens, migrans, multiforme, urticaria, specialized, fixed, carcinoid, nodosum, boil, abscess, cellulitis, toxic, viral, exanthems, eruptions, blanchable, hypomelanosis, tuberous, alba, versicolor, subcorneal, coccidioidomycosis, dermatophyte, gonococcemia, rosacea, transient, acantholytic, spinulosus, miliaria, insect, bite, reactions, scabies, epidermolysis, bullosa, porphyria, cutanea, tarda, varicella, zoster, ichthyosis, faciei, manuum, pedis, cruris, corporis, scaling, zinc, deficiency, wiskott, aldrich, foliaceus, langerhans, histiocytosis, glucagonoma, darier, chronicus, stasis, atopic, eczematous, rashes, myxoid, lymphangioma, circumscriptum, leiomyoma, infantile, digital, fibromatosis, kaposi, sarcoma, xanthoma, neurofibroma, lipoma, keloid, dermatofibroma, fibrous, histiocytoma, hemangioma, inclusion, subcutaneous, postinflammatory, hyperpigmentation, melasma, lentigo, freckles, trichoepithelioma, sebaceous, merkel, molluscum, contagiosum, acrochordon, callus, wart, growths, appendages, 366, 363, emerg, 489, emedicine, 000434, 10895, diseasesdb, d011565, mesh, 177900, omim, 696, library, home, reference, media, 156518, 204417, guideline, clearinghouse, beckenham, garner, 9551603, biologicals, 23205338, 3510410, 0016, dubois, declercq, pouliot, 23935446, 3713318, thescientificworldjournal, promising, evans, s238, 27356195, paris, tous, unis, face, rhumatisme, psoriasique, pso, 199596315, 23872545, 0b013e31829d4ad4, 267, 5813486, 23669809, 0b013e318293eaeb, 193, meenan, 1955, note, 27467338, 14353580, bf02949688, irish, gruber, kastelan, brajac, yesterday, tomorrow, 15072746, dermatovenerologica, croatica, hulse, biblical, alternative, modern, translations, 1975, palestine, exploration, quarterly, benoit, hamm, 18021892, 555, bakalar, york, tied, lay, summary, trafford, kontopantelis, 1403, 31617868, 6802036, 1001, jamadermatol, 3056, 1390, 155, jama, tosa, improvement, 12519829, 21233693, maj, 0b013e3181ff8eeb, 394, 341, bbc, tablazon, dabagh, davis, 207482092, 23329076, s40257, 0005, shlyankevich, strober, qureshi, tebbey, kimball, 25149424, 4259841, amjmed, 1148, accumulating, pathogenic, habif, 5th, 08037, magin, 23245976, bhosle, kulkarni, balkrishnan, 16756666, 1501000, 1477, 7525, dessinioti, katsambas, etiology, facts, controversies, 23806151, 001, 343, bhatia, millsop, linos, 24780176, 4104239, 350, leffler, green, fasano, extraintestinal, coeliac, 15561525, 26260366, nrgastro, 561, chiu, 24790463, 4000177, s44843, afifi, danesh, ahn, yan, 242, 28526915, 5453925, 0183, 227, dietary, behaviors, survey, barrea, nappi, somma, savanelli, falco, savastano, 743, 27455297, 4962284, ijerph13070743, nutritionist, kaimal, thappa, 20228538, 60540, revisited, sigurdardottir, thorleifsdottir, valdimarsson, 11572308, 22901242, 2027, 96289, 11215, 237, palatine, moslehi, 24283892, 4620715, 3109, 848258, 482, tonsillectomy, dupire, droitcourt, 30835819, 6400423, papp, kircik, langley, stevens, 26089047, 049, pde4, results, evaluating, atwan, ingram, abbott, kelson, pickles, bauer, piguet, 26258748, 6464505, campa, mansouri, 26714681, 4799039, 0092, sbidian, chaimani, guelimi, garcia, doval, hua, naldi, kinberger, afach, 37436070, 10337265, pub6, pharmacological, harding, stickler, razo, dubridge, 20400861, 2881252, 4161, 11641, 256, humanized, residual, resides, cdr, regions, sanclemente, murphy, contreras, bonfill, cosp, 26598969, 6493213, paediatric, approvals, hueber, dryja, wright, koroleva, bruin, antoni, draelos, durez, tak, gomez, reino, foster, kim, samson, falk, chu, callanan, nguyen, rose, haider, padova, ain457, 17a, uveitis, 52ra72, 10132276, 20926833, 1126, scitranslmed, 3001107, translational, zhu, abrouk, bhutani, 26910853, 4799032, 016, 0102, 42598571, 23082809, 11207, aad, learning, module, rustin, 22462278, 23082810, 11208, mahajan, past, 11207097, 23837932, ced, 12062, 573, dunn, gaar, neill, 21720660, 772, lapolla, bagel, halvorson, protocols, 21429620, 054, 936, rácz, kurek, kant, ridder, mourits, baerveldt, ozgur, ijcken, laman, staal, fits, 1558, 21412260, 6757253389, 1547, suppression, ifn, 151259, 255695, devices, manage, sunbeds, radack, farhangian, anderson, 25735439, 4374067, 0071, cheng, 24151011, 11076274, broad, photochemotherapy, 21079308, 72461, 652, journey, far, college, georgia, augusta, model, releases, 211004104229, htm, accessed, peinemann, harari, peternel, labeit, gambichler, 32368795, 7199317, followed, shoenfeld, zakin, sherer, sukenik, 22503590, semarthrit, 186, seminars, rheumatism, halverstam, nonstandard, label, 18755374, 023, 546, soleymani, hung, soung, 1688553, 25601579, ijd, 12790, 383, gelfand, lim, section, 19217694, 643, asztalos, heller, 23399460, 034, 817, rosumeck, werner, jacobs, schmitt, 26915340, 8697570, cork, dooley, hancock, 23543539, 11227123, pub3, kleyn, morsman, griffin, kerkhof, gulliver, walt, 319, 169036303, 31138038, 1620502, samarasekera, sawyer, wonderling, tucker, 967, 21979785, 23413913, bjd, 12276, 954, maruani, samimi, stembridge, abdel, hay, tavernier, 30958563, 6452774, nonantistreptococcal, 9583, 284, 7907468, 17658398, 61129, 272, 370, patrick, zhao, yin, zhou, boehnke

Text of the page (random words):
such as beta blockers or nsaids 4 infections and psychological stress can also play a role 3 5 the underlying mechanism involves the immune system reacting to skin cells 4 diagnosis is typically based on the signs and symptoms 4 there is no known cure for psoriasis but various treatments can help control the symptoms 4 these treatments include steroid creams vitamin d 3 cream ultraviolet light immunosuppressive drugs such as methotrexate and biologic therapies targeting specific immunologic pathways 5 about 75 of skin involvement improves with creams alone 4 the disease affects 2 4 of the population 7 men and women are affected with equal frequency 5 the disease may begin at any age but typically starts in adulthood 5 psoriasis is associated with an increased risk of psoriatic arthritis lymphomas cardiovascular disease crohn s disease and depression 4 psoriatic arthritis affects up to 30 of individuals with psoriasis 10 the word psoriasis is from greek ψωρίασις meaning itching condition or being itchy 11 from psora itch and iasis action condition signs and symptoms edit plaque psoriasis edit psoriatic plaque showing a silvery center surrounded by a reddened border psoriasis vulgaris also known as chronic stationary psoriasis or plaque like psoriasis is the most common form and affects 85 90 of people with psoriasis 12 plaque psoriasis typically appears as raised areas of inflamed skin covered with silvery white scaly skin these areas are called plaques and are most commonly found on the elbows knees scalp and back 12 13 plaques of psoriasis a person s arm covered with plaque psoriasis psoriasis of the palms psoriasis of the scalp psoriasis on a leg other forms edit additional psoriasis types comprise about 10 of cases they include pustular inverse napkin guttate oral and seborrheic like forms 14 pustular psoriasis edit severe generalized pustular psoriasis pustular psoriasis appears as raised bumps filled with noninfectious pus pustules 15 the skin under and surrounding the pustules is red and tender 16 pustular psoriasis can either be localized or more widespread throughout the body two types of localized pustular psoriasis include psoriasis pustulosa palmoplantaris and acrodermatitis continua of hallopeau both forms are localized to the hands and feet 17 inverse psoriasis edit inverse psoriasis also known as flexural psoriasis appears as smooth inflamed patches of skin the patches frequently affect skin folds particularly around the genitals between the thigh and groin the armpits in the skin folds of an overweight abdomen known as panniculus between the buttocks in the intergluteal cleft and under the breasts in the inframammary fold heat trauma and infection are thought to play a role in the development of this atypical form of psoriasis 18 napkin psoriasis edit napkin psoriasis is a subtype of psoriasis common in infants under the age of two and is characterized by red papules with silver scales in the diaper area that may extend to the torso or limbs 19 20 napkin psoriasis is often misdiagnosed as napkin dermatitis diaper rash 21 it typically improves as children age and may later present in more common forms as plaque psoriasis or inverse psoriasis 22 guttate psoriasis edit example of guttate psoriasis guttate psoriasis is an inflammatory condition characterized by numerous small scaly red or pink droplet like lesions papules these numerous papules appear over large areas of the body primarily the trunk limbs and scalp but typically spare the palms and soles guttate psoriasis is often triggered by a streptococcal infection oropharyngeal or perianal and typically occurs 1 3 weeks post infection guttate psoriasis is most commonly seen in children and young adults and diagnosis is typically made based on history and clinical exam findings 23 skin biopsy can also be performed which typically shows a psoriasiform reaction pattern characterized by epidermal hyperplasia with elongation of the rete ridges 23 there is no firm evidence regarding the best management for guttate psoriasis however first line therapy for mild guttate psoriasis typically includes topical corticosteroids 23 24 phototherapy can be used for moderate or severe guttate psoriasis biologic treatments have not been well studied in the treatment of guttate psoriasis 23 guttate psoriasis has a better prognosis than plaque psoriasis and typically resolves within 1 3 weeks however up to 40 of patients with guttate psoriasis eventually convert to plaque psoriasis 23 erythrodermic psoriasis edit psoriatic erythroderma erythrodermic psoriasis involves widespread inflammation and exfoliation of the skin over most of the body surface often involving greater than 90 of the body surface area 17 it may be accompanied by severe dryness itching swelling and pain it can develop from any type of psoriasis 17 it is often the result of an exacerbation of unstable plaque psoriasis particularly following the abrupt withdrawal of systemic glucocorticoids 25 this form of psoriasis can be fatal as the extreme inflammation and exfoliation disrupt the body s ability to regulate temperature and perform barrier functions 26 mouth edit psoriasis in the mouth is very rare in contrast to lichen planus another common papulosquamous disorder that commonly involves both the skin and mouth 27 when psoriasis involves the oral mucosa the lining of the mouth it may be asymptomatic 27 but it may appear as white or grey yellow plaques 27 fissured tongue is the most common finding in those with oral psoriasis and has been reported to occur in 6 5 20 of people with psoriasis affecting the skin the microscopic appearance of oral mucosa affected by geographic tongue migratory stomatitis is very similar to the appearance of psoriasis 28 a recent study found an association between the two conditions and it suggests that geographic tongue might be a predictor for psoriasis 29 seborrheic like psoriasis edit seborrheic like psoriasis is a common form of psoriasis with clinical aspects of psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis and it may be difficult to distinguish from the latter this form of psoriasis typically manifests as red plaques with greasy scales in areas of higher sebum production such as the scalp forehead skin folds next to the nose the skin surrounding the mouth skin on the chest above the sternum and in skin folds 19 psoriatic arthritis edit psoriatic arthritis is a form of chronic inflammatory arthritis that has a highly variable clinical presentation and frequently occurs in association with skin and nail psoriasis 30 31 it typically involves painful inflammation of the joints and surrounding connective tissue and can occur in any joint but most commonly affects the joints of the fingers and toes this can result in a sausage shaped swelling of the fingers and toes known as dactylitis 30 psoriatic arthritis can also affect the hips knees spine spondylitis and sacroiliac joint sacroiliitis 32 about 30 of individuals with psoriasis will develop psoriatic arthritis 12 skin manifestations of psoriasis tend to occur before arthritic manifestations in about 75 of cases 31 nail changes edit psoriasis of a fingernail with visible pitting effect of psoriasis on the toenails psoriasis can affect the nails and produces a variety of changes in the appearance of fingers and toenails nail psoriasis occurs in 40 45 of people with psoriasis affecting the skin and has a lifetime incidence of 80 90 in those with psoriatic arthritis 33 these changes include pitting of the nails pinhead sized depressions in the nail is seen in 70 with nail psoriasis whitening of the nail small areas of bleeding from capillaries under the nail yellow reddish discoloration of the nails known as the oil drop or salmon spots dryness thickening of the skin under the nail subungual hyperkeratosis loosening and separation of the nail onycholysis and crumbling of the nail 33 medical signs edit in addition to the appearance and distribution of the rash specific medical signs may be used by medical practitioners to assist with diagnosis these may include auspitz s sign pinpoint bleeding when the scale is removed koebner phenomenon psoriatic skin lesions induced by trauma to the skin 19 and itching and pain localized to papules and plaques 18 19 causes edit the cause of psoriasis is not fully understood genetics seasonal changes skin damage climate immunocompromised state specific infections and the use of some medications have been connected with different types of psoriasis 34 35 genetics edit see also list of human leukocyte antigen alleles associated with cutaneous conditions around one third of people with psoriasis report a family history of the disease and researchers have identified genetic loci associated with the condition identical twin studies suggest a 70 chance of a twin developing psoriasis if the other twin has the disorder the risk is around 20 for fraternal twins these findings suggest both a genetic susceptibility and an environmental response in developing psoriasis 36 psoriasis has a strong hereditary component and many genes are associated with it but how those genes work together is unclear most of the identified genes relate to the immune system particularly the major histocompatibility complex mhc and t cells genetic studies are valuable since they can identify molecular mechanisms and pathways for further study and potential medication targets 37 classic genome wide linkage analysis has identified nine loci on different chromosomes associated with psoriasis they are called psoriasis susceptibility 1 through 9 psors1 through psors9 within those loci are genes on pathways that lead to inflammation certain variations mutations of those genes are commonly found in psoriasis 37 genome wide association scans have identified other genes that are altered to characteristic variants in psoriasis some of these genes express inflammatory signal proteins which affect cells in the immune system that are also involved in psoriasis some of these genes are also involved in other autoimmune diseases 37 the major determinant is psors1 which probably accounts for 35 50 of psoriasis heritability 38 it controls genes that affect the immune system or encode skin proteins that are overabundant in psoriasis psors1 is located on chromosome 6 in the mhc which controls important immune functions three genes in the psors1 locus have a strong association with psoriasis vulgaris hla c variant hla cw6 34 which encodes an mhc class i protein cchcr1 variant wwc which encodes a coiled coil protein overexpressed in psoriatic epidermis and cdsn variant allele 5 which encodes corneodesmosin a protein expressed in the granular and cornified layers of the epidermis and upregulated in psoriasis 37 two major immune system genes under investigation are interleukin 12 subunit beta il12b on chromosome 5q which expresses interleukin 12b and il23r on chromosome 1p which expresses the interleukin 23 receptor and is involved in t cell differentiation interleukin 23 receptor and il12b have both been strongly linked with psoriasis 34 t cells are involved in the inflammatory process that leads to psoriasis 37 these genes are on the pathway that upregulates tumor necrosis factor α and nuclear factor κb two genes involved in inflammation 37 the first gene directly linked to psoriasis was identified as the card14 gene located in the psors2 locus 39 a rare mutation in the gene encoding for the card14 regulated protein plus an environmental trigger was enough to cause plaque psoriasis the most common form of psoriasis 40 41 lifestyle edit conditions reported as worsening the disease include chronic infections stress and changes in season and climate 34 other factors that might worsen the condition include hot water scratching psoriasis skin lesions skin dryness excessive alcohol consumption cigarette smoking and obesity 34 42 43 44 the effects of stopping cigarette smoking or alcohol misuse have yet to be studied as of 2019 44 exposure to cold weather may also amplify psoriasis symptoms by removing moisture from skin 45 46 hiv edit the rate of psoriasis in human immunodeficiency virus positive hiv individuals is comparable to that of hiv negative individuals psoriasis tends to be more severe in people infected with hiv 47 a much higher rate of psoriatic arthritis occurs in hiv positive individuals with psoriasis than in those without the infection 47 the immune response in those infected with hiv is typically characterized by cellular signals from t h 2 subset of cd4 helper t cells 48 whereas the immune response in psoriasis vulgaris is characterized by a pattern of cellular signals typical of t h 1 subset of cd4 helper t cells and t h 17 helper t cells 49 50 the diminished cd4 t cell presence is thought to cause overactivation of cd8 t cells which are responsible for the exacerbation of psoriasis in hiv positive people psoriasis in those with hiv aids is often severe and may be untreatable with conventional therapy 51 new archival link needed in those with long term well controlled psoriasis new hiv infection can trigger a severe flare up of psoriasis and or psoriatic arthritis medical citation needed microbes edit psoriasis has been described as occurring after strep throat it may be worsened by skin or gut colonization with staphylococcus aureus malassezia spp and candida albicans 35 guttate psoriasis often affects children and adolescents and can be triggered by a recent group a streptococcal infection tonsillitis or pharyngitis 17 medications edit drug induced psoriasis may occur with beta blockers 10 lithium 10 antimalarial medications 10 nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs 10 terbinafine calcium channel blockers captopril glyburide granulocyte colony stimulating factor 10 interleukins interferons 10 lipid lowering medications 14 197 and paradoxically tnf inhibitors such as infliximab or adalimumab 52 withdrawal of corticosteroids topical steroid cream can aggravate psoriasis due to the rebound effect 53 pathophysiology edit psoriasis is characterized by an abnormally excessive and rapid growth of the epidermal layer of the skin 54 abnormal production of skin cells especially during wound repair and an overabundance of skin cells result from the sequence of pathological events in psoriasis 16 the sequence of pathological events in psoriasis is thought to start with an initiation phase in which an event skin trauma infection or drugs leads to activation of the immune system and then the maintenance phase consisting of chronic progression of the disease 37 17 skin cells are replaced every 3 5 days in psoriasis rather than the usual 28 30 days 55 these changes are believed to stem from the premature maturation of keratinocytes induced by an inflammatory cascade in the dermis involving dendritic cells macrophages and t cells three subtypes of immune cells 12 47 these immune cells move from the dermis to the epidermis and secrete inflammatory chemical s...