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defence force 7 abolition 8 see also 9 references toggle the table of contents monarchy of nigeria 1960 1963 7 languages čeština eesti français hausa igbo українська 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia redirected from queen of nigeria head of state of nigeria from 1960 to 1963 queen of nigeria redirects here for the beauty pageant see the nigerian queen for the cathedral see our lady queen of nigeria pro cathedral abuja queen of nigeria federal coat of arms of nigeria queen elizabeth ii details style her majesty formation 1 october 1960 abolition 1 october 1963 from 1960 to 1963 nigeria was a sovereign state and an independent constitutional monarchy nigeria shared the monarch with australia canada united kingdom and certain other sovereign states the monarch s constitutional roles were mostly delegated to the governor general of nigeria elizabeth ii was the only monarch to reign during this period as such she was officially titled queen of nigeria the monarchy was abolished on 1 october 1963 when nigeria adopted a president as its head of state history edit external videos princess alexandra representing the queen at the independence celebrations at lagos 1 october 1960 princess alexandra declares nigeria independent 1960 source british pathé the federation of nigeria had superseded the colony and protectorate of nigeria within the british empire on 1 october 1954 the federation was initially a quasi federal british colony it became independent as a dominion within the commonwealth of nations on 1 october 1960 under the parliament of the united kingdom s nigeria independence act 1960 1 i have indeed every confidence that based on the happy experience of a successful partnership our future relations with the united kingdom will be more cordial than ever bound together as we shall be in the commonwealth by a common allegiance to her majesty queen elizabeth whom today we proudly acclaim as queen of nigeria and head of the commonwealth 2 prime minister sir abubakar tafawa balewa on independence day 1960 princess alexandra of kent represented the queen at the independence celebrations she flew to lagos on 26 september 1960 and was welcomed in nigeria by a crowd of tens of thousands of people 3 on 1 october the princess presented nigeria s instrument of independence also known as the freedom charter to sir abubakar tafawa balewa who became the prime minister 4 on 3 october the princess formally opened the first federal parliament of independent nigeria on behalf of the queen before an assembly of people and diplomats 5 dr nnamdi azikiwe president of the nigerian senate and governor general designate addressed the princess asking her to open parliament by reading the speech from the throne 6 7 the princess later took a state drive through lagos saying an official farewell to nigerians 8 the queen sent a message to nigerians which said 9 my husband and i return the happiest of memories of our visit to nigeria and our thoughts are with you on this memorable day as you assume the heavy responsibility of independence i send my good wish for a great and noble future it is with special pleasure that i welcome you to our commonwealth family of nations may god bless and guide your country through the years to come constitutional role edit nigerian state leaders 1960 1963 monarch elizabeth ii governor general sir james wilson robertson 1960 nnamdi azikiwe 1960 1963 prime minister sir abubakar tafawa balewa see list of heads of state of nigeria for details of heads of state after 1963 nigeria was one of the realms of the commonwealth of nations that shared the same person as sovereign and head of state 10 effective with the nigeria independence act 1960 no british government minister could advise the sovereign on any matters pertaining to nigeria meaning that on all matters of nigeria the monarch was advised solely by nigerian ministers 11 12 all nigerian bills required royal assent the monarch was represented in the federation by the governor general of nigeria who was appointed by the monarch on the advice of the nigerian prime minister 1 after independence the monarch held her sovereignty in virtue of her nigerian crown and acted on the advice of the nigerian government 13 executive and legislature edit the government of nigeria was officially known as her majesty s government 1 the monarch the senate and the house of representatives constituted the parliament of nigeria 14 all executive powers of nigeria rested with the sovereign 15 all laws in nigeria were enacted only with the granting of royal assent done by the governor general on behalf of the sovereign 16 the governor general could reserve a bill for the queen s pleasure that is withhold his consent to the bill and present it to the sovereign for her personal decision or he could veto it completely by withholding his assent therefrom 17 the governor general was also responsible for summoning proroguing and dissolving parliament 18 the governor general had the power to choose and appoint the council of ministers and could dismiss them under his discretion all nigerian ministers held office at the pleasure of the governor general 19 foreign affairs edit the royal prerogative also extended to foreign affairs the sovereign or the governor general conducted treaties alliances and international agreements on the advice of the nigerian cabinet nigerian representatives abroad were accredited to foreign countries by the monarch in her capacity as queen of nigeria 1 the governor general on behalf of the queen also appointed nigerian high commissioners ambassadors and similar principal representatives and received similar diplomats from foreign states 20 the letters of credence were formally issued by the monarch 21 courts edit within the commonwealth realms the sovereign is responsible for rendering justice for all her subjects and is thus traditionally deemed the fount of justice 22 in nigeria criminal offences were legally deemed to be offences against the sovereign and proceedings for indictable offences were brought in the sovereign s name in the form of the queen versus name 23 hence the common law held that the sovereign can do no wrong the monarch cannot be prosecuted in her own courts for criminal offences 24 the highest court of appeal for nigeria was the judicial committee of the privy council and criminal prosecution was instituted in the monarch s name 1 the monarch and by extension the governor general could also grant immunity from prosecution exercise the royal prerogative of mercy and pardon offences against the crown either before during or after a trial 25 federal and provincial aspects edit nigeria s monarchy was federal 26 with four legal jurisdictions one federal and three provincial with the monarch taking on a distinct legal persona in each 27 the queen of nigeria was represented by the governor general at the federal level and by governors in the three regions northern western and eastern the governors and the governor general were appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the nigerian premiers and the nigerian prime minister respectively 1 26 28 royal style and titles edit see also list of traditional titles borne by the heads of state of nigeria the royal style and titles act 1961 of the nigerian parliament granted the monarch separate style and titles in her role as queen of nigeria 29 elizabeth ii had the following style and titles in her role as the monarch of nigeria 1 october 1960 1 june 1961 elizabeth the second by the grace of god of the united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland and of her other realms and territories queen head of the commonwealth defender of the faith 30 29 31 1 june 1961 1 october 1963 elizabeth the second queen of nigeria and of her other realms and territories head of the commonwealth 29 31 colloquially the queen was referred to as oba obirin yoruba king lady by the people of yorubaland during her reign 32 oath of allegiance edit in nigeria the oath of allegiance required a person to swear or affirm that he would be faithful and bear true allegiance to her majesty queen elizabeth the second her heirs and successors according to law while for the oath of office he had to swear that he would well and truly serve her majesty queen elizabeth the second in the office of _______ 33 cultural role edit the flag of the governor general of nigeria featuring st edward s crown the crown and honours edit within the commonwealth realms the monarch is deemed the fount of honour 34 35 similarly the monarch as sovereign of nigeria conferred awards and honours in nigeria in her name most of them were awarded on the advice of her majesty s nigerian ministers 36 37 38 39 the crown and the defence force edit the monarch was the commander in chief of the nigerian armed forces 1 the crown sat at the pinnacle of the nigerian defence force it was reflected in nigeria s naval vessels which bore the prefix hmns i e her majesty s nigerian ship 40 the nigerian army and the nigerian navy were known as the royal nigerian army and the royal nigerian navy respectively 41 1 the prefix royal was dropped when the monarchy was abolished 42 abolition edit queen elizabeth ii left with saidu samaila sambawa in nigeria 2003 the monarchy was unpopular with nigerians and all political parties in nigeria agreed that the country should be a republic as the british high commissioner to the federation lord head noted it is almost old fashioned to have a governor general the trend in asia and africa has been towards republican constitutions and many nigerians feel that they must inevitably follow the trend the crown is not thought of as part of nigeria s life but almost as a last remaining relic of colonial rule 43 nigeria adopted the president of nigeria as head of state on 1 october 1963 1 when the federation of nigeria became the federal republic of nigeria a republic within the commonwealth of nations the queen sent a message to the new president azikiwe which said as nigeria becomes a republic i send you mr president and to all the people of nigeria my sincere good wishes for success and prosperity during the past years i have shared in the hopes and aspirations of your great nation i have the happy memories of the warmth and splendour of your hospitality and the many friends i made when i visited nigeria i am sure that in the future the common memories of our long association will strengthen and increase the friendship of our countries as fellow members of the commonwealth i wish you all good fortune in the years to come and pray for your country s successful achievement of the great tasks you have undertaken 44 queen elizabeth ii visited nigeria twice 28 january 16 february 1956 and 3 6 december 2003 the latter time to attend the commonwealth heads of government meeting 2003 45 see also edit statue of queen elizabeth ii lagos references edit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 chika b onwuekwe 2003 constitutional development 1914 1960 british legacy or local exigency in adebayo oyebade ed the foundations of nigeria essays in honor of toyin falola africa world press pp 172 173 isbn 1 59221 120 8 the inaugural addresses and ascension speeches of nigerian elected and non elected presidents and prime minister 1960 2010 university press of america 2011 p 37 isbn 9780761852742 african world annual volume 56 african world 1960 p 39 hyacinth kalu 2011 the nigerian nation and religion interfaith series vol i p 4 isbn 9781462029471 walter phelps hall robert greenhalgh albion jennie barnes pope 1965 a history of england and the empire commonwealth blaisdell publishing company p 707 citation cs1 maint multiple names authors list link nigerian independence ap archive retrieved 4 september 2021 federal nigeria volumes 1 5 consulate general of nigeria p 12 the independent nigeria pacific printers 1960 p 158 ifeoha azikiwe 2013 nigeria echoes of a century 1914 1999 p 146 isbn 9781481729260 nigerian legislature historical survey of nigerian governmental system 1960 1993 administrative staff college of nigeria 1997 p 1 isbn 9789782078797 benjamin obi nwabueze 1982 a constitutional history of nigeria c hurst co p 72 isbn 9780905838793 a toriola oyewo ademola yakubu 1998 constitutional law in nigeria jator pub p 26 isbn 9789782660367 by s 78 of the constitution executive authority was vested in the queen as head of state but she acted on the advice of nigerian ministers benjamin obi nwabueze 1982 a constitutional history of nigeria c hurst co p 73 isbn 9780905838793 the constitution of the federation of nigeria pdf p 28 retrieved 4 september 2021 the nigerian constitution history and development oluwole idowu odumosu sweet maxwell p 194 1963 the constitution of the federation of nigeria pdf p 37 retrieved 4 september 2021 benjamin obi nwabueze 1982 a constitutional history of nigeria c hurst co p 54 isbn 9780905838793 the constitution of the federation of nigeria pdf p 41 retrieved 4 september 2021 the constitution of the federation of nigeria pdf p 50 retrieved 4 september 2021 proposals for the constitution of the federal republic of nigeria adopted by the all party constitutional conference held in lagos on july 25 and 26 1963 federation of nigeria federal ministry of information print division 1963 p 7 dennis chukude osadebay 1978 building a nation an autobiography macmillan nigeria p 140 isbn 9789781322662 davis reginald 1976 elizabeth our queen collins p 36 isbn 9780002112338 for example the queen v azu a owoh ors the queen v ajelofu edache the queen v alexander a ohaka the queen vs gidado iyanda the queen vs john ekelagu and so on halsbury s laws of england volume 12 1 crown proceedings and crown practice paragraph 101 the constitution of the federation of nigeria pdf pp 54 55 retrieved 4 september 2021 1 2 afrika instituut petoria 1963 bulletin volume 1 p 16 nigeria is at present a federal constitutional monarchy with the queen as head of state represented in nigeria by a governor general and by governors in the three regions proceedings of the national conference on nigeria since independence zaria march 1983 political development panel on nigeria since independence history project 1984 p 414 nigeria s sovereignty was divided between three regional governments and a federal one because the queen was an absent sovereign she was represented in nigeria by a governor general at the centre and by governors in the regions a toriola oyewo ademola yakubu 1998 constitutional law in nigeria jator pub p 26 isbn 9789782660367 1 2 3 royal styles and title act 1961 quoted in benjamin obi nwabueze 1982 a constitutional...