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erature yazidi black book yazidi book of revelation v t e rābi ʼ a al ʼ adawiyya al qaysiyya arabic رابعة العدوية القيسية c 716 801 ce 1 or rabia basri was a poet one of the earliest sufi mystics and an influential religious figure from basra 2 her full name is said to be rābiʿa bint ismāʿīl her kunya was umm ʿamr or umm al khayr her wilāya was al ʿatakiyyah 3 and her nisba was al ʿadawiyya or al qaysīyya because she was a freed slave of the tribe of qays ibn ʿadī 4 she is regarded as one of the three preeminent qalandars of the world 5 biography edit very little is known about the life of rabi a notes rkia elaroui cornell what historical information can be ascertained from the earliest sources on rabi a as stated above there is very little except to confirm that a muslim woman ascetic and teacher named rabi a al adawiyya or rabi a al qaysiyya the name adawiyya refers to her clan and the name qaysiyya refers to her tribe lived in or around the city of basra in southern iraq in the eighth century ce the commonly accepted birth date of 717 ce and death date of 801 ce come from a much later period and the ultimate source of these dates is unclear 6 cornell further notes that she was mentioned by two early basran authors 6 because of this they were familiar with her reputation this local reputation is the best empirical evidence we have that rabi a actually existed 6 she also writes to date no written body of work has been linked conclusively to rabi a al adawiyya 6 despite this narratives about rabiʿa grew over the centuries and a considerable hagiography developed attar of nishapur a sufi saint and poet who lived some four centuries later recounted a now famous story of her early life 7 many of her hagiographies depict her using literary or philosophical tropes where she like her christian counterparts embodied idealized religious individuals 6 according to margaret smith she is said to have died in basra in 185 ah 801 ce 1 others report that she passed around 180 ah at about 80 years old 3 in his work dhikr al niswat al mutaʿabbidāt al ṣūfiyyāt pp 27 54 59 sulamī mentions two other female sufis with the same name besides rābiʿa al ʿadawiyya one of them is rābiʿa al azdiyya from basra the wife of ʿabd al wāḥid b zayd d 177 793 one of the famous sufis of the time and the other is aḥmad b abū al ḥawārī s wife was rābiʿa bint ismāʿīl of damascus d 228 844 the existence of three different rābiʿas in the same period has led to conflicting information about rābiʿa al ʿadawiyya in the sources 4 early life edit her father had three daughters and rābiʿa was the fourth and so they called her rābiʿa meaning the fourth one 8 born into a poor home she was stolen as a child another account narrates that her parents died and a great famine occurred in basra separating the sisters 8 and sold into slavery she is even sometimes made into a qayna female singer but her sanctity secured her freedom and she retired to a life of seclusion and celibacy at first in the desert and then in basra 1 philosophy and religious contributions edit often noted as having been the single most famous woman in islam rabiʿa was renowned for her high virtue and piety a devoted ascetic when asked why she performed a thousand ritual prostrations both during the day and at night she is said to have answered i desire no reward for it i do it so that the messenger of god may god bless him and give him peace will delight in it on the day of resurrection and say to the prophets take note of what a woman of my community has accomplished 7 rabiʿa was described as being intense in her self denial and devotion to god 9 explaining her refusal to lift her head toward the heavens towards god as an act of modesty she s noted as having said were the world the possession of a single man it would not make him rich because it is passing away 7 according to sufi accounts she was the first to set forth the doctrine of divine love known as ishq 10 and is widely considered as being the most important of the early renunciants a form of piety that would eventually be labelled sufism 5 poetry and stories edit much of the poetry attributed to her is of unknown origin 6 there is no evidence in the historical archive that rabia ever met hasan al basri however the following stories which first appeared in attar of nishapur s tazkirat al awliya is a common trope in the modern period 11 after a life of hardship she spontaneously achieved a state of self realization when asked by hasan al basri how she discovered the secret she responded by stating you know of the how but i know of the how less 8 one of the many stories that surround her life is that she was freed from slavery because her master saw her praying while surrounded by light realized that she was a saint and feared for his life if he continued to keep her as a slave 9 biographer rkia elaroui cornell discovered four main characterizations of rabia rabia the teacher rabia the ascetic rabia the lover and rabia the sufi 12 asceticism edit rabia is often described as being an ascetic where the ascetic attains the otherworldly not by rejecting the world but by treating it as unimportant the ascetic avoids the world not because it is evil per se but because it is a distraction from god 13 legacy edit in a sufi narrative sufi leader hasan al basri explained i passed one whole night and day with rabi a it never passed through my mind that i was a man nor did it occur to her that she was a woman when i saw her i saw myself as bankrupt and rabi a as truly sincere 14 she decided to stay celibate in order to live life unlike other muslim women of her time and devote herself completely to god 9 among her most notable qualities besides her devotion to god were her humility and celibacy 9 living alone with divine love she is adored by many for her religious passion and the example she set for the growing muslim population 9 however her importance and legacy remain prominent through tales of her life modern references and her standing in muslim culture while no physical evidence was found of her rabia s story and poetry remain an inspiration to women and muslim people today 15 16 in popular culture edit the life of rabia has been the subject of several motion pictures of turkish cinema one of these films rabia released in 1973 was directed by osman f seden and fatma girik played the leading role of rabia 17 rabia i̇lk kadın evliya rabia the first woman saint is another turkish film on rabia it was also released in 1973 and was directed by süreyya duru starring hülya koçyiğit 17 the indonesian song jika surga dan neraka tak pernah ada transl if heaven and hell never existed sung by ahmad dhnani and chrisye on their 2004 album senyawa is based on rabia s quotes 18 about worshipping god out of love not out of fear of punishment or desire for a reward 19 rabia appears in 2025 s civilization vii as a great person for the abbasid civilization when used on a building 10 happiness is added to the settlement 20 spanish musician rosalía included the phrase ninguna mujer pretendió ser dios transl no woman ever claimed to be god attributed to rabia basri inside the physical release of her 2025 album lux 21 the full quote she refers to reads women have never been so infatuated with themselves as men nor have they ever claimed divinity 22 in the album s 11th track la yugular she references rabia with arabic lyrics that refer to rabia s wish to burn down heaven and quench the fires of hell saying she d do that for the divine love she has for god for no promises or threats the song is a deeply personal tribute to rabia and rosalía s journey to finding the god that s as close to her as her jugular vein a reference to a passage in the quran that says the same see also edit zawiyat al adawiyya jerusalem a tomb venerated as rabia s rabaa al adawiya mosque cairo list of sufis references edit 1 2 3 margaret smith 1995 encyclopedia of islam 2nd ed vol 8 rābi ʼ a al ʼ adawiyya al qaysiyya brill pp 354 56 smith margaret 2010 rabi a the mystic and her fellow saints in islam cambridge university press p 252 isbn 9781108015912 1 2 al dhahabī muḥammad ibn aḥmad 1996 siyar aʿlam al nubalāʾ muʾassasat al risālah pp 241 243 1 2 küçük hülya ceyhan semi̇h râbi̇a el adevi̇yye tdv i̇slâm ansiklopedisi in turkish retrieved 2026 02 22 1 2 hanif n 2002 biographical encyclopaedia of sufis central asia and middle east sarup sons pp 108 10 isbn 9788176252669 1 2 3 4 5 6 cornell rkia elaroui 2019 rabi a from narrative to myth the many faces of islam s most famous woman saint rabi a al adawiyya simon and schuster p 14 isbn 978 1 78607 522 2 1 2 3 a ra uf al munawi abu 1998 renard john ed windows on the house of islam berkeley ca university of california pp 132 33 1 2 3 ʿaṭṭār farīd al dīn tadhkīrat al awliyāʾ memorial of the saints translated by arberry arthur john pp 29 47 1 2 3 4 5 barbara lois helms rabi a as mystic muslim and woman margaret smith rabi a the mystic and her fellow saints in islam cambridge library collection 1928 cornell rabi a 148n2 cornell rabi a 10 28 29 cornell rabi a 153 ahmed leila 1992 women and gender in islam yale university p 96 introduction is there a new middle east central asia meets the middle east routledge 2013 11 05 pp 15 36 doi 10 4324 9781315037493 3 isbn 978 1 315 03749 3 retrieved 2022 12 11 cornell rkia elaroui 2019 rabi a from narrative to myth the many faces of islam s most famous woman saint rabi a al adawiyya london isbn 978 1 78607 521 5 oclc 1035135590 cite book cs1 maint location missing publisher link 1 2 dönmez colin gönül 2013 12 04 the routledge dictionary of turkish cinema routledge isbn 978 1 317 93726 5 hirshfield jane 1994 women in praise of the sacred 43 centuries of spiritual poetry by women harpercollins pub isbn 978 0 06 016987 9 wahyudi agus 2010 makrifat cinta ahmad dhani in indonesian penerbit narasi isbn 978 979 16821 0 7 abbasid exploration age civilization civilization 2k com 2k games retrieved july 15 2025 rosalía se vuelve monja y sigue los pasos de madonna lady gaga y c tangana noticias cuatro in spanish cuatro 27 october 2025 retrieved 5 november 2025 regunathan sudhamahi 19 july 2011 love is basra the times of india retrieved 5 november 2025 further reading edit kayaalp pinar rabi a al adawiyya in muhammad in history thought and culture an encyclopedia of the prophet of god 2 vols edited by c fitzpatrick and a walker santa barbara abc clio 2014 vol ii pp 511 512 isbn 1610691776 mohammad shababulqadri tazkirah e hazrat rabia basri mushtaq book corner 2008 rkia elaroui cornell rabi ʼ a from narrative to myth the many faces of islam s most famous woman saint rabi ʼ a al adawiyya oneworld london 2019 external links edit quotations related to rabia basri at wikiquote v t e arabic literature old namara inscription pre islamic arabic inscriptions pre islamic al muhalhil adi ibn zayd afira bint abbad al fāriʿah bint shaddād al hujayjah al ḥurqah al khirniq bint badr al shanfara al nu man ibn humaydah alqama ibn abada amir ibn al tufayl amr ibn kulthum antarah ibn shaddad al a sha al harith ibn hilliza al yashkuri hatim al tai labīd laila bint lukaiz mahd al aadiyya mu aqqir al nabigha imru al qais samaw al ibn adiya tarafa uthman ibn al huwayrith zuhayr bin abi sulma zuhayr ibn janab aktham ibn saifi al munakhal classical early islamic al akhtal al taghlibi al farazdaq abd al hamid al katib fadl ashsha ira hassan ibn thabit ibn abi hasina maysun bint bahdal jamil ibn ma mar suraqa bin malik jarir ibn atiyah ka b bin zuhayr al khansa kuthayyir layla al akhyaliyya suraqah al bariqi qutayla ukht al nadr waddah al yaman yunus al katib al mughanni zufar ibn al harith al kilabi dhu jadan al himyari dorayd bin al soma qatari ibn al fuja a al mufaddal abbasid era bint al mahdī ibn al ahnaf ibn al mu tazz abu firas al hamdani abu tammam al mudabbir abu l qasimbal maghribi arib al ma muniyya al asma i ahmad al tifashi abu al atahiya ibn al amid al hamadani baha al din zuhair bashshar ibn burd buhturi al busiri al isfahani al fath ibn khaqan al hariri of basra ibn al farid ibn al rumi ibn duraid al zajjaj abu mansur al azhari ibn al mahdi ibn al mudabbir al ma arri marwan ibn abi hafsa marwan ibn abi al janub al mutanabbi abu nuwas al jahiz shāriyah al armanazi aban al lahiqi imad al din al isfahani rabia of basra yunus ibn habib abu nasr al jawhari al farahidi al shafi i ibn al muqaffa al mubarrad ibn abi tahir tayfur safiyya al baghdadiyya al zahiri abu muhammad al anbari ibn al anbari al qasabani ibn qutaybah dik al jinn inān abu ahmad monajjem ibn bakkar al sari al raffa al suli niftawayh al tughra i laylā bint ṭarīf al tha alibi al daylami al tawhīdī al sharif al radi ibn hayyus al raghib al isfahani sharif al murtaza al uyuni yaqut al hamawi al suhrawardi al hallaj usama ibn munqidh ibn al qatta al siqilli ibn al shajari ibn al nafis ibn adlan al andalus and maghreb abu ja far al rumaikiyya maria alphaizuli ibn ammar buthaina al rukuniyya hamda bint ziyad al muaddib ibn hamdis ibn abd rabbih ibn al abbar ibn al zaqqaq ibn amira ibn baqi ibn bassam ibn juzayy ibn khafaja ibn al khatib ibn quzman ibn sahl ibn zamrak ibn zaydún lubna of córdoba al mu tamid ibn abbad ibn hani al azdi muhya nazhun qasmuna al tutili umm al kiram wallada bint al mustakfi yusuf iii ibn hazm ibn arabi al shushtari abu madyan al rundi ibn al arif ibn wahbun ibn abdun avempace al baji al fazazi ibn al yayyab ibn jubayr ibn al kattani ibn tufayl ibn abi al khisal mamluk era ahmad ibn arabshah al busiri ibn manzur ibn battuta a isha al ba uniyya ibn al wardi hamdallah mustawfi ibn nubata al nafzawi ibn khaldun al qalqashandi ottoman era al nabulsi fuzûlî abdul qadir al baghdadi hanna diyab ibn al wannan ahmed ben triki modern nahda el baroudy maruf al rusafi nasif al yaziji ibrahim al yaziji jamil sidqi al zahawi ahmad faris shidyaq naoum mokarzel ahmad rida ameen rihani qustaki al himsi al kawakibi suleyman al boustani butrus al bustani ahmad zaki pasha rifa a al tahtawi abdallah marrash francis marrash maryana marrash hafez ibrahim ahmed shawqi mikhail naimy kahlil gibran farah antun jurji zaydan may ziadeh taha hussein tawfiq al hakim contemporary nawal el saadawi naguib mahfouz yusuf idris sonallah ibrahim ahlam mosteghanemi mahmoud darwish adunis ahmad abd al ghafur attar abdur rahman kashgari muhammad al maghut nizar qabbani abbās al aqqād mustafa wahbi al tal said akl fayeq abdul jaleel sinan antoon ibrahim tuqan emile habibi ghassan kanafani ghada al samman abdul rahman munif al gosaibi echebbi hanna mina colette khoury saadallah wannous zakaria tamer tayeb salih leila aboulela ihsan abdel quddous al aswany mohamed choukri leila abouzeid mohammed bennis abdellatif laabi mohamed said raihani ar waciny laredj tahar djaout alifa rifaat ali douagi youssef rzouga salah jahin amal donqol ahmed zaki abu shadi hasan tawfiq al mazini al jawahiri safa khulusi nazik al malaika ahmed matar al bayati al sayyab saadi yousef ibrahim nasrallah elia abu madi omar a...