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eached some 40 000 volumes theodore f dwight the librarian in at that time described the collection in the following terms the real character of the library was determined by the necessities of the service after the organization of the department of state a demand was created for works on the law of nations diplomatic history and the cognate topics which led to the gradual accumulation of american and foreign histories voyages treatises on political science political economy and affording liberal information on the subjects of investigation of the department 7 from its founding in 1789 the department and its library moved from philadelphia to princeton to annapolis to trenton to new york city before finally moving to washington in 1800 between 1800 and 1875 the department and the library had eight homes in washington before it came to rest in the state war and navy building now called the eisenhower executive office building on pennsylvania avenue next to the white house twentieth century expansion edit by 1898 the collection had grown to 60 000 volumes thanks in part to many foreign service officers who acquired material on behalf of the library from all over the world the library has acquired and continues to maintain a large collection of foreign language materials though well served by the accomplishments and services of such scholars and administrators as robert greenhow theodore f dwight frederic a bancroft andrew h allen john a tonner and gaillard hunt who led the library from 1834 to 1925 the library entered a new era of development with the appointment of the first career professional librarian martha l gericke who served from 1926 to 1948 distinguished in this period by intensified historical research and the inauguration of a valuable series of publications the library saw its collection grow from 120 000 to 300 000 volumes during her tenure by the time ms gericke retired the library had become a fully professional organization with trained staff reorganized along functional lines and the entire collection cataloged and classified 2 30 following world war ii the research and intelligence functions and staff of the wartime office of strategic services were transferred to the department of state along with its reference division s library collection and extensive files of classified documents and reports in july 1948 the library and the reference division were consolidated into the division of library and reference services with john h ottemiller former head of the reference division as chief 2 31 under his leadership the library acquired increased responsibilities and a wider perspective of service in 1951 ottemiller noted that foreign affairs today encompasses consideration planning and action reaching into all phases of human endeavor and into the remotest areas of the world while the major subject fields of concern to the department in foreign areas are economic political social cultural and international organization affairs the horizon of the department is broadened today by the new concerns of such problems as military aid and science in international relations 8 the library s 500 000 bound volumes and one and a half million documents were available to meet the policy and operational needs of the department the unique value of the library s collection was revealed when a survey at this time showed that at least one third of its titles were not duplicated in the library of congress 2 23 the library collection in the years just prior to 1961 could not be accommodated in one location and was split among three buildings the reference books were kept in a building later razed to make way for the e street expressway the materials classified in the library of congress classification scheme a through h were shelved in the old post office building on pennsylvania avenue and the remainder j through z in the state war and navy building a jeep messenger service ran between the three buildings delivering and picking up books several times a day finally in 1961 all the library s books and employees were moved into the new main state building now named the harry s truman building for the first time since 1945 the library was again under one roof and for the first time since 1875 the library occupied its own unified quarters today the library with its collection of 600 000 volumes covers more than 45 000 square feet 4 200 m 2 including four levels of stacks located between the second third and fourth floors of the truman building the introduction of electronic information in the last quarter of the twentieth century brought a new era of library operations and services with the ability to access information resources beyond those available in the physical facility as early as 1973 the library began to take advantage of electronic information services by acquiring the new york times information bank the first computerized online information retrieval service by the 1990s the library was able to access thousands of u s and foreign newspapers and magazines highly specialized biographic and subject information and u s government and think tank documents through commercial and government databases organizational home edit throughout its history the library was moved not only physically but also administratively in 1833 for example a bureau of pardons and remissions and of copyrights was created and charged with various duties including the arrangement and preservation of books maps and other documents and of keeping an accurate catalog 9 in 1834 the bureau was abolished and its library functions were transferred to the office of the translator and librarian and then to the home bureau in 1836 throughout most of the nineteenth century the library was administratively located in the bureau of rolls and library which managed the library books documents orders laws and treaties in 1872 a division of indexes and archives was created to distribute file and index the department s correspondence open the mail preserve the archives and retrieve requested papers an act of 1874 placed the library administratively side by side with the department s archives under the chief of the bureau of rolls and library in the 1920s the library became a branch of the historical division and in 1948 it gained independent status as a division in the office of libraries and intelligence acquisition in 1973 the library became one of the divisions in the foreign affairs document and research center which brought the library and document activities back together rare books and incunabula edit the library contains a number of rarely held historical works which reflect the library s existence from the earliest days of the federal government two books are especially valuable because they are known to have thomas jefferson s signature the corps universel diplomatique and histoire des traites de paix published in holland in the 1720s both of which managed to avoid destruction in the fire of 1814 these two volumes along with other rare books in the library s special collection have been restored with repairs cleaning and deacidification and new period bindings the oldest book in the library is the chronicarum cum figuris et ymaginigus ab incipio mundi commonly called the nuremberg chronicle published in 1493 in a latin edition for the wider european market and a german edition for local readers the 600 page book is an illustrated encyclopedia of world history and geography the text of this enormous book was written by dr hartmann schedel a german humanist and physician trained at the university of padua schedel divided his work into the seven ages of man beginning with adam and eve and ending with the apocalypse and the appearance of the antichrist events in 1493 are included such as the conquest of constantinople and the maritime explorations the portuguese though there is no mention of columbus voyage of 1492 schedel left two blank pages at the end for recording the rest of history the chronicle which contains the first printed map of europe is the library s only piece of incunabula the latin word for books published with moveable type before 1501 including gutenberg s bible published in 1455 theodore dwight then the department librarian purchased the chronicle in 1880 or 1881 from a london bookseller for a few pounds according to a note inserted into the book the library s special collections also include historical works and travel commentaries about foreign lands including the historia general del peru of 1722 and a collection of nineteenth century travels throughout persia transferred to the library from the former us embassy in tehran honoring dr ralph j bunche edit ribbon cutting ceremony for the renamed library in 1997 on may 7 1997 the department named the library in honor of dr ralph j bunche in recognition of his political and humanitarian contributions to the department of state and the united nations and of his contributions to the world of learning bunche graduated at the top of his class at the university of california at los angeles at harvard university he was the first african american to receive a doctorate in political science and he later became chairman of the department of political science at howard university active in the civil rights movement bunche was also a leading expert on european colonialism in africa bunche served in the state department as the director of the african section of the office of strategic services he was involved with the united nations from its beginning serving as the principal author of two chapters of the un charter one on trusteeship and the other on non self governing territories for brokering an armistice between israel and its arab neighbors bunche was awarded the nobel peace prize in 1950 he was the first person of color to receive this highest of honors he also served as a united nations mediator in egypt the congo and yemen bunche was born in detroit michigan on august 7 1904 and died in new york city on december 9 1971 at the time of his death he was the united nations under secretary general perhaps bunche s best known quote is taken from that man may dwell in peace a speech from a college debate in 1926 at ucla what vast undreamed of achievement might await man would he but devote his entire interest to promoting the commonweal of a universal human brotherhood 10 in his nobel peace prize lecture some reflections on peace in our time delivered in 1950 bunche urged the nations to employ reason in their dealings with each other the united nations does not seek a world cut after a single pattern nor does it consider this desirable the united nations seeks only unity not uniformity out of the world s diversity there will be no security in our world no release from agonizing tension no genuine progress no enduring peace until in shelley s fine words reason s voice loud as the voice of nature shall have waked the nations 11 library chronology edit 1789 library formed under direction of thomas jefferson first united states secretary of state 1814 the department and its library were burned by the british during war of 1812 the united states constitution and the declaration of independence were saved from destruction 1820 first library catalog in manuscript compiled contained 3 168 titles 1830 printed library catalog contained 5 239 titles 1834 papers of george washington were acquired in later years the papers of thomas jefferson james madison james monroe alexander hamilton and benjamin franklin were acquired in 1903 they were transferred to the library of congress 1859 copyright function moved from state to the united states department of the interior and then to the library of congress in 1870 1875 library moves to the state war and navy building now the eisenhower executive office building 1922 the original copies of the declaration of independence and the constitution were transferred to the library of congress 1926 first professional librarian martha l gericke was appointed 1961 library moves into new state building now harry s truman building 1973 the new york times information bank the first computerized information retrieval service was installed in the library 1978 the international relations dictionary was compiled by the library to help find the definitions of new or obscure terms the first edition was followed by a second and third edition 1991 a new electronic online public access catalog was installed 1997 the library was named in honor of dr ralph j bunche one of the most gifted and prominent statesmen of the 20th century who won the nobel peace prize in 1950 2000 the electronic catalog was made available on the department s i net intranet 2005 bunche library merges with the law library source ralph j bunche library history by dan clemmer accessed on bunche library inet site december 7 2007 notes edit the us department of state january 2006 state magazine p 8 accessed july 18 2007 1 2 3 4 arthur b berthold 1958 the library of the department of state the library quarterly 27 1 27 37 united states department of state library 1781 1981 department of state publication 9186 department and foreign service series 233 foreign affairs information management center april 1981 john h hazelton the declaration of independence its history new york dodd mead and company 1906 287 288 gaillard hunt the department of state of the united states its history and functions new haven yale university press 1914 199 citation of an official report by james monroe to congress dated november 14 1814 hunt was chief librarian 1921 1924 fred w shipman together again foreign service journal september 1960 shipman was chief librarian 1954 1970 andrew d osborne and keyes d metcalf report of a survey of the department of state s library activities cambridge harvard university march 1947 2 john h ottemiller this library plays its part in u s foreign policy library journal i january 1951 natalia summers outline of the functions of the offices of the department of state 1789 1943 washington dc division of state department archives national archives 1943 121 ralph j bunche selected speeches and writings ann arbor university of michigan press 1995 17 ralph j bunche some reflections on peace in our time sources edit ralph j bunche library ralph bunche centenary 38 53 40 n 77 02 54 w 38 8944 n 77 0484 w 38 8944 77 0484 v t e thomas jefferson 3rd president of the united states 1801 1809 2nd vice president of the united states 1797 1801 1st united states secretary of state 1790 1793 u s minister to france 1785 1789 delegate to the congress of the confederation 1783 1784 2nd governor of virginia 1779 1781 delegate to the second continental congress 1775 1776 delegate fifth virginia convention 1776 founding documents of the united states a summary view of the rights of british america 1774 olive branch petition 1775 declaration of the causes and necessity of taking up arms 1775 declaration of independence 1776 committee of five ...