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aced him with roger of salisbury an able financier who was infinitely more acceptable to the nation 4 although some historians have theorised that ranulf s time in normandy was as an agent of henry it appears that ranulf was mainly looking out for his own interests and those of his family 66 in 1108 ranulf was dragged into the middle of the ongoing dispute between archbishop anselm and the newly appointed archbishop of york thomas over whether or not thomas should profess obedience to anselm because anselm refused to consecrate thomas without a profession and thomas refused to profess thomas was unable to consecrate bishops himself ranulf wrote to anselm asking that he might act as thomas surrogate and consecrate thurgot as bishop of st andrew s in september 1108 anselm wrote to ranulf forbidding anyone but thomas or anselm himself to consecrate thurgot or any other bishops 67 later ranulf tried to bribe king henry to take thomas side 68 thurgot had been prior of the cathedral chapter at durham but had disagreed with ranulf who arranged for him to be elected to st andrew s as a solution to the quarrel 69 it was ranulf who ordained thurstan the archbishop elect of york as a priest in 1115 although thurstan had to wait for consecration as bishop for another four years 13 d ranulf attended the council of reims in 1119 held by pope callixtus ii 71 in 1125 john of crema the papal legate to england visited durham to investigate charges against the bishop medieval chroniclers told the story that the legate was much taken with ranulf s niece and after sleeping with the girl took no action on the charges against ranulf 72 the story is unlikely to be true 73 death and legacy edit modern view from durham cathedral looking towards durham castle across palace green ranulf worked to complete the cathedral 13 which his predecessor william de st calais had begun 74 fortified durham with a wall around durham castle 43 built norham castle to help defend the tweed river 75 76 e and endowed the collegiate church of christchurch hampshire he built or expanded other churches including the one at christchurch in hampshire which he had endowed and st martin s in dover 78 the first stone bridge at durham was completed by his instruction in 1120 the so called framwellgate bridge 13 a bridge described as of wonderful workmanship 79 he cleared and levelled the palace green in durham between the castle and the cathedral 61 while the chroniclers mainly condemned ranulf for his morals his own cathedral chapter held him in high esteem because of his building activities and his defence of the rights of durham 80 although he usurped some of the income of the cathedral chapter the money from those rights was used to complete the cathedral rebuilding and later restored the income to the monks as well as increasing the endowment 81 at his death the cathedral walls were complete up to the covering which probably means the vault instead of the roof 82 ranulf attracted scholars to his household and reformed the administration of the diocese by dividing it into archdeaconries 4 ranulf oversaw the translation of saint cuthbert s relics to a new tomb in a lavish ceremony he was also a patron to the hermit saint godric whom he befriended 83 one of ranulf s brothers was fulcher who was bishop of lisieux in 1101 84 f another brother was osbern who was a royal clerk for rufus 86 and the last brother was geoffrey 3 fulcher may have been appointed bishop to enable ranulf to exploit the see while ranulf was in exile in normandy 87 ranulf had a son thomas of lisieux who also held the see of lisieux 84 right after his uncle like his uncle he may have been appointed as a placeholder to allow his father to appropriate the revenues of lisieux 87 ranulf s mistress was an englishwoman named alveva or ælfgifu who was the mother of at least two of his sons 3 88 alveva s sons were ranulf who was an archdeacon and elias 89 when ranulf became bishop he married her to a burgess of huntingdon but remained on good terms with both alveva and her spouse often staying with them when he travelled away from durham 3 88 alveva was the aunt of christina of markyate and christina is said to have rebuffed the bishop s attempts to seduce her in 1114 3 90 alveva and ranulf s son elias held a prebend at london and was a royal clerk under henry i ranulf s son ralf was parson of middleham and held a prebend at london too he was a member of archbishop theobald of canterbury s household after 1138 3 some of ranulf s sons were educated at laon under william de corbeil who was one of ranulf s clerks 91 one of ranulf s nephews ralf was archdeacon of northumberland and during the reign of king stephen helped to hold the diocese of durham loyal to stephen 92 other nephews were osbert who was sheriff of durham and robert richard and william who held fiefs 3 unrelated to ranulf william of corbeil became one of ranulf s household clerks and was eventually elected archbishop of canterbury in 1123 83 ranulf died on 5 september 1128 30 he was buried in his chapter house in durham where his tomb was opened in 1874 13 his skeleton is still extant and examination of it reveals that he would have been about 5 ft 9 in 1 75 m tall he was fond of clothes and was always richly dressed while he was efficient in collecting the royal revenues he was generous to his own men and later in life gave liberally to the poor his crozier and signet ring were found in his grave and they were rather plain 3 an oddity of his grave was that he was buried on top of a layer of charcoal that was laid over alternating layers of lime and dirt 93 ranulf s reputation has suffered because of the hostility of the monastic chroniclers to both himself and to rufus 4 94 many chroniclers decried his financial ruthlessness and his lax morals 3 95 orderic described ranulf s career as addicted to feasts and carousals and lusts cruel and ambitious prodigal to his own adherents but rapacious in seizing the goods of other men 7 besides the chroniclers archbishop anselm of canterbury wrote to pope paschal ii while ranulf was in exile describing ranulf as a rent collector of the worst possible reputation 96 william of malmesbury said that flambard was a plunderer of the rich destroyer of the poor 81 victorian historians including e a freeman vilified ranulf and freeman especially held that ranulf was a malignant genius 13 97 modern historians have embraced a more moderate view starting with richard southern in 1933 13 the historian david bates felt that he along with his successor roger of salisbury were essentially the chief managers of the king s finance and justice 98 notes edit sometimes known as ralph flambard ranulph flambard or ranulf passiflamme 1 the second son richard had died about 1075 without children 14 among which were chertsey canterbury and new minster 29 thurstan also refused to profess obedience to the archbishop of canterbury who was now ralph d escures 70 this was probably a timber and earth castle and was rebuilt in stone by hugh de puiset a later bishop 77 fulcher s name has sometimes been given as william 85 citations edit barlow feudal kingdom of england p 147 1 2 poole domesday book to magna carta pp 170 171 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 barlow william rufus pp 193 205 1 2 3 4 5 barlow feudal kingdom of england pp 150 151 1 2 3 mason william ii p 75 barlow william rufus p 141 1 2 quoted in turner changing perceptions journal of british studies p 107 chibnall anglo norman england p 115 chibnall anglo norman england p 114 mason william ii pp 85 86 chibnall anglo norman england p 127 chibnall anglo norman england p 133 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 mason flambard ranulf oxford dictionary of national biography mason william ii p 36 1 2 3 mason william ii pp 178 179 greenway durham bishops fasti ecclesiae anglicanae 1066 1300 volume 2 monastic cathedrals northern and southern provinces 1 2 barlow william rufus p 147 lyon constitutional and legal history p 153 chrimes introduction to the administrative history p 20 quoted in moore ranulf flambard and christina of markyate belief and culture p 231 williams english and norman conquest p 128 dodwell anglo saxon art p 233 huscroft ruling england p 66 cantor church kingship and lay investiture p 63 knowles monastic order pp 612 613 mason william ii p 137 huscroft ruling england p 99 hollister henry i p 381 knowles monastic order p 613 footnote3 1 2 fryde et al handbook of british chronology p 241 barlow william rufus p 359 vaughn anselm of bec and robert of meulan p 329 footnote 83 bartlett england under the norman and angevin kings p 407 rose cumbrian society studies in church history p 124 barlow william rufus p 202 richardson and sayles governance of mediaeval england p 159 huscroft ruling england p 83 quoted in huscroft ruling england pp 125 123 stenton english justice pp 58 59 mason william ii p 23 lyon constitutional and legal history pp 168 169 lyon constitutional and legal history pp 190 191 1 2 3 barlow feudal kingdom of england pp 167 168 crouch normans caption to plate 22 kerr norman sites p 28 huscroft ruling england p 68 cantor church kingship and lay investiture p 134 1 2 vaughn anselm of bec and robert of meulan p 229 chibnall anglo norman england p 75 poole domesday book to magna carta p 115 hollister henry i pp 116 117 pp 133 134 ranulf flambard bishop of durham tower of london crouch normans p 170 huscroft ruling england p 69 1 2 hollister anglo norman civil war english historical review pp 323 324 hollister henry i p 136 vaughn anselm of bec and robert of meulan p 234 quoted in crouch normans p 165 vaughn anselm of bec and robert of meulan p 231 crouch normans p 171 1 2 3 barlow feudal kingdom of england pp 174 175 hollister anglo norman civil war english historical review p 329 hollister anglo norman civil war english historical review p 327 vaughn anselm of bec and robert of meulan p 269 crouch normans p 179 hollister anglo norman civil war english historical review p 333 vaughn anselm of bec and robert of meulan p 337 vaughn anselm of bec and robert of meulan pp 347 348 knowles monastic order p 629 bartlett england under the norman and angevin kings p 394 barlow english church 1066 1154 p 111 bartlett england under the norman and angevin kings p 555 hollister henry i p 307 adams history of western art p 200 pettifer english castles p 193 bartlett england under the norman and angevin kings p 281 kerr norman sites p 174 poole domesday book to magna carta p 260 bartlett england under the norman and angevin kings p 364 chibnall anglo norman england p 71 1 2 quoted in dawtry benedictine revival in the north studies in church history 18 p 91 snape documentary evidence medieval art and architecture p 22 1 2 barlow english church 1066 1154 pp 73 74 1 2 spear norman empire and the secular clergy journal of british studies p 5 schriber dilemma of arnulf of lisieux p 26 barlow william rufus p 150 1 2 schriber dilemma of arnulf of lisieux pp 26 27 1 2 bartlett england under the norman and angevin kings p 567 keats rohan domesday people p 354 richardson and sayles governance of mediaeval england p 159 footnote7 hollister henry i p 23 barlow feudal kingdom of england p 221 carver early medieval durham medieval art and architecture p 13 hollister anglo norman civil war english historical review pp 321 322 barlow english church 1066 1154 p 72 quoted in vaughn anselm of bec and robert of meulan p 239 quoted in mason flambard ranulf oxford dictionary of national biography bates origins of the justiciarship proceedings of the battle conference iv p 11 references edit adams laurie schneider 2001 a history of western art third ed boston ma mcgraw hill isbn 0 07 231717 5 barlow frank 1979 the english church 1066 1154 a history of the anglo norman church new york longman isbn 0 582 50236 5 barlow frank 1988 the feudal kingdom of england 1042 1216 fourth ed new york longman isbn 0 582 49504 0 barlow frank 1983 william rufus berkeley ca university of california press isbn 0 520 04936 5 bartlett robert c 2000 england under the norman and angevin kings 1075 1225 oxford uk clarendon press isbn 0 19 822741 8 bates david 1981 the origins of the justiciarship in brown r allen ed proceedings of the battle conference on anglo norman studies iv woodbridge uk boydell press pp 1 12 167 171 isbn 0 85115 161 2 cantor norman f 1958 church kingship and lay investiture in england 1089 1135 princeton nj princeton university press carver m o h 1980 early medieval durham the archaeological evidence medieval art and architecture at durham cathedral british archaeological association conference transactions for the year 1977 leeds uk british archaeological association pp 11 19 oclc 13464190 chibnall marjorie 1986 anglo norman england 1066 1166 oxford uk basil blackwell publishers isbn 0 631 15439 6 chrimes s b 1966 an introduction to the administrative history of mediaeval england third ed oxford uk basil blackwell oclc 270094959 crouch 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300 08858 2 huscroft richard 2005 ruling england 1042 1217 london pearson longman isbn 0 582 84882 2 keats rohan k s b 1999 domesday people a prosopography of persons occurring in english documents 1066 1166 domesday book ipswich uk boydell press isbn 0 85115 722 x kerr mary kerr nigel 1984 a guide to norman sites in britain london granada isbn 0 246 11976 4 knowles david 1976 the monastic order in england a history of its development from the times of st dunstan to the fourth lateran council 940 1216 second reprint ed cambridge uk cambridge university press isbn 0 521 05479 6 lyon bryce dale 1980 a constitutional and legal history of medieval england second ed new york norton isbn 0 393 95132 4 mason emma 2005 william ii rufus the red king stroud uk tempus isbn 0 7524 3528 0 mason j f a 2004 flambard ranulf c 1060 1128 oxford dictionary of national biography oxford university press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 9667 retrieved 10 march 2008 subscription wikipedia library access or uk public 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