Meta tags:

Headings (most frequently used words):

and, of, rape, in, the, victims, number, incidents, history, united, states, contents, definitions, statistics, data, college, university, campuses, criminal, punishment, investigations, treatment, historical, context, see, also, references, further, reading, external, links, prevalence, shift, form, crime, demographics, attackers, underreporting, prosecution, rate, jurisdiction, federal, law, early, american, civil, rights, movement, contemporary, relationship, between, attacker, victim,

Text of the page (most frequently used words):
the (470), rape (221), and (219), sexual (126), from (106), women (79), archived (75), retrieved (73), that (72), original (71), violence (68), states (64), for (64), with (55), assault (53), pdf (52), united (49), victims (49), was (46), law (44), sex (41), were (41), 2014 (40), not (39), justice (38), forcible (37), 2020 (36), federal (36), nonforcible (36), national (35), 2017 (34), december (33), 2013 (32), victim (32), against (31), other (31), bureau (31), october (30), black (29), statistics (28), edit (27), june (27), are (27), crime (26), men (26), fbi (25), have (25), 2021 (24), report (24), american (24), college (24), november (23), march (22), 2016 (22), survey (22), raped (22), female (22), this (21), 2018 (21), who (21), investigation (21), reported (21), person (20), victimization (19), also (19), may (18), consent (18), offense (18), legal (17), under (17), criminal (17), january (17), 2015 (17), july (17), their (17), white (17), been (17), category (17), rapes (17), history (16), intimate (16), abuse (15), state (15), new (15), found (15), she (15), such (15), male (15), during (15), laws (14), civil (14), february (14), age (14), time (14), offenders (14), assaults (14), all (13), case (13), one (13), police (13), force (13), has (13), based (13), more (13), war (13), per (13), cases (12), university (12), 2011 (12), african (12), among (12), 2010 (12), data (12), which (12), without (12), unlimited (12), 000 (12), journal (11), movement (11), department (11), perpetrator (11), disabilities (11), partner (11), prevalence (11), before (11), enslaved (11), jurisdiction (11), rate (11), september (10), control (10), isbn (10), rights (10), 2023 (10), some (10), prosecution (10), system (10), people (10), study (10), when (10), forced (10), another (10), according (10), code (9), wikipedia (9), non (9), punishment (9), how (9), definition (9), each (9), information (9), 1995 (9), campus (9), her (9), reporting (9), year (9), enforcement (9), used (9), can (9), between (9), they (9), number (9), than (9), about (8), court (8), articles (8), april (8), america (8), york (8), 2019 (8), ucr (8), social (8), woman (8), but (8), being (8), penetrate (8), using (7), military (7), trauma (7), 978 (7), will (7), 2009 (7), americans (7), slavery (7), forensic (7), females (7), had (7), over (7), campuses (7), research (7), 2005 (7), years (7), many (7), death (7), these (7), any (7), did (7), likely (7), penetration (7), incidents (7), there (7), definitions (7), toggle (6), policy (6), use (6), page (6), cs1 (6), maint (6), multiple (6), crimes (6), saint (6), prison (6), school (6), doi (6), further (6), dark (6), street (6), power (6), native (6), 2012 (6), early (6), part (6), young (6), langton (6), lynn (6), gov (6), students (6), higher (6), see (6), lifetime (6), out (6), experienced (6), its (6), because (6), due (6), penetrative (6), article (6), annual (6), search (5), available (5), cite (5), unknown (5), links (5), 1997 (5), review (5), disease (5), press (5), gender (5), held (5), post (5), health (5), insurance (5), after (5), institute (5), chapter (5), student (5), injury (5), what (5), 2022 (5), centers (5), drug (5), jurisdictions (5), frequently (5), marital (5), date (5), would (5), man (5), life (5), offender (5), where (5), first (5), 108 (5), most (5), often (5), community (5), communities (5), members (5), including (5), forms (5), body (5), them (5), acts (5), slave (5), result (5), differences (5), coercion (5), whether (5), stop (5), evidence (5), treatment (5), reasons (5), matter (5), uniform (5), aged (5), since (5), create (5), believed (5), estimated (5), someone (5), contents (4), view (4), conduct (4), names (4), unsourced (4), statements (4), title (4), country (4), islands (4), murder (4), 2003 (4), related (4), incest (4), network (4), 2004 (4), georgia (4), end (4), times (4), link (4), henry (4), michael (4), dna (4), 2007 (4), issn (4), bedlow (4), sawyer (4), exam (4), sexually (4), assaulted (4), race (4), news (4), denied (4), jennifer (4), child (4), 920 (4), guilty (4), education (4), problem (4), process (4), air (4), nearly (4), experiencing (4), 2024 (4), culture (4), prevention (4), rainn (4), 1994 (4), brief (4), crisis (4), questions (4), act (4), occurred (4), old (4), prior (4), imprisonment (4), raping (4), include (4), attention (4), could (4), penalty (4), adult (4), tools (4), era (4), issues (4), charge (4), various (4), form (4), relationship (4), perpetrators (4), place (4), strangers (4), receive (4), examination (4), requirement (4), program (4), pay (4), collected (4), made (4), yes (4), statutory (4), involving (4), threat (4), range (4), both (4), official (4), oral (4), main (4), attempted (4), vary (4), followed (4), help (4), persons (4), least (4), declined (4), ncvs (4), hide (4), move (4), sidebar (4), subsection (4), table (3), contact (3), categories (3), location (3), authors (3), copy (3), 2025 (3), description (3), org (3), david (3), convicted (3), megan (3), jessica (3), connecticut (3), numbers (3), your (3), resources (3), our (3), politics (3), coker (3), danielle (3), resistance (3), rosa (3), parks (3), jstor (3), roots (3), judith (3), feminist (3), therapy (3), capital (3), across (3), august (3), 2307 (3), philadelphia (3), trial (3), lanah (3), fact (3), long (3), term (3), christopher (3), jury (3), cornell (3), art (3), 120 (3), sinozich (3), sofi (3), random (3), charlotte (3), reports (3), accused (3), real (3), mcsally (3), citation (3), needed (3), harassment (3), work (3), cdc (3), offenses (3), surveys (3), truman (3), facilitated (3), gang (3), change (3), washington (3), given (3), several (3), legislation (3), girl (3), referred (3), typically (3), children (3), led (3), public (3), attempt (3), 1970s (3), conviction (3), 107 (3), contemporary (3), while (3), examined (3), 105 (3), always (3), get (3), refused (3), racial (3), males (3), means (3), only (3), committed (3), trafficking (3), 103 (3), widespread (3), instances (3), consensual (3), owners (3), through (3), those (3), different (3), free (3), within (3), historical (3), context (3), must (3), funds (3), cost (3), medical (3), possible (3), important (3), obermayer (3), said (3), sun (3), kits (3), causes (3), third (3), override (3), level (3), government (3), recognize (3), physical (3), own (3), completed (3), knowledge (3), prevent (3), instead (3), estimates (3), period (3), contribute (3), every (3), personal (3), acquaintance (3), partners (3), family (3), encounters (3), authority (3), four (3), rapist (3), attacker (3), significantly (3), 516 (3), 859 (3), 1000 (3), inmates (3), anti (3), measures (3), bodily (3), genocide (3), topic (2), languages (2), privacy (2), additional (2), terms (2), registered (2), profit (2), organization (2), wikimedia (2), foundation (2), creative (2), commons (2), last (2), 2026 (2), hidden (2), publisher (2), pages (2), list (2), wayback (2), need (2), updating (2), short (2), wikidata (2), https (2), index (2), virgin (2), sint (2), martin (2), republic (2), north (2), alabama (2), brown (2), peter (2), high (2), massacre (2), lunsford (2), river (2), home (2), invasion (2), haws (2), dick (2), columbia (2), false (2), summary (2), center (2), publications (2), library (2), external (2), s2cid (2), fawcett (2), brownmiller (2), susan (2), reading (2), harvard (2), 1977 (2), 433 (2), 584 (2), mcguire (2), rise (2), dailey (2), jane (2), 491 (2), defining (2), response (2), worell (2), remer (2), pamela (2), john (2), wiley (2), sons (2), perspectives (2), diverse (2), africa (2), baker (2), 119 (2), past (2), gates (2), louis (2), eric (2), pmid (2), genetic (2), european (2), standard (2), changed (2), james (2), histories (2), sharon (2), 27649575 (2), southern (2), 4486443 (2), city (2), 1793 (2), taken (2), marcus (2), huffington (2), patients (2), allegations (2), routinely (2), mental (2), aids (2), juries (2), eliminate (2), fargo (2), sommers (2), skin (2), adults (2), exclusive (2), gray (2), dual (2), web (2), generally (2), 109a (2), district (2), sorenson (2), joshi (2), campaign (2), market (2), sample (2), sues (2), expelled (2), innocent (2), house (2), wall (2), inform (2), reuters (2), senator (2), superior (2), officer (2), half (2), poll (2), findings (2), rachel (2), reference (2), indian (2), denov (2), denial (2), smith (2), council (2), household (2), division (2), services (2), service (2), 1998 (2), incidence (2), sanday (2), peggy (2), reeves (2), 1999 (2), spohn (2), cassia (2), society (2), reform (2), six (2), 130 (2), traditional (2), reforms (2), references (2), scandal (2), combined (2), century (2), following (2), publicized (2), nine (2), murdered (2), convictions (2), attacks (2), started (2), sentence (2), require (2), feminists (2), organized (2), issue (2), late (2), supreme (2), normally (2), societies (2), world (2), focused (2), activism (2), campaigns (2), advocacy (2), efforts (2), successful (2), protection (2), newspaper (2), upon (2), significant (2), element (2), mechanisms (2), concluded (2), along (2), slaves (2), columbus (2), indigenous (2), others (2), survivors (2), ten (2), 104 (2), protected (2), having (2), 102 (2), today (2), usually (2), status (2), celia (2), master (2), subject (2), done (2), substantial (2), property (2), increase (2), jezebel (2), 100 (2), evening (2), jurors (2), take (2), stranger (2), attacking (2), knew (2), same (2), surveillance (2), understanding (2), seen (2), commit (2), thought (2), sent (2), ensure (2), access (2), cooperate (2), vawa (2), order (2), unless (2), governmental (2), entity (2), exams (2), required (2), provision (2), effect (2), decide (2), unable (2), want (2), immediate (2), aftermath (2), should (2), companies (2), claiming (2), actions (2), medication (2), able (2), print (2), local (2), saying (2), prosecutors (2), virginia (2), identifying (2), potential (2), kit (2), decisions (2), prosecute (2), either (2), declining (2), investigations (2), intoxicant (2), causing (2), fear (2), fine (2), maximum (2), does (2), defendant (2), then (2), punished (2), separately (2), raising (2), interest (2), borders (2), took (2), involved (2), substantially (2), affects (2), security (2), well (2), terminology (2), battery (2), anal (2), 853 (2), secondary (2), programs (2), additionally (2), administration (2), policies (2), colleges (2), included (2), conducted (2), represents (2), compared (2), subset (2), researchers (2), rely (2), rates (2), wording (2), 127 (2), departments (2), arrest (2), sources (2), similar (2), anything (2), incident (2), follow (2), less (2), experience (2), underreporting (2), current (2), true (2), workplace (2), disability (2), factors (2), however (2), 157 (2), 678 (2), 888 (2), 186 (2), specified (2), 182 (2), 919 (2), 176 (2), 922 (2), 202 (2), 486 (2), demographics (2), attackers (2), 1980 (2), older (2), shift (2), facility (2), months (2), much (2), stated (2), once (2), grievous (2), harm (2), slight (2), vagina (2), anus (2), object (2), organ (2), remove (2), types (2), recent (2), events (2), portal (2), congo (2), bangladesh (2), liberation (2), france (2), japan (2), germany (2), effects (2), appearance (2), upload (2), file (2), changes (2), read (2), log (2), account (2), donate (2), menu (2), add, mobile, cookie, statement, developers, safety, contacts, disclaimers, text, apply, site, you, agree, trademark, inc, attribution, sharealike, license, rendered, parsoid, edited, utc, parameters, webarchive, template, dmy, dates, matches, php, rape_in_the_united_states, oldid, 1374392090, turks, caicos, maarten, eustatius, saba, pierre, miquelon, barthélemy, puerto, rico, montserrat, martinique, guadeloupe, greenland, curaçao, cayman, british, bonaire, bermuda, aruba, anguilla, dependencies, territories, trinidad, tobago, vincent, grenadines, lucia, kitts, nevis, panama, nicaragua, mexico, jamaica, honduras, haiti, guatemala, grenada, salvador, dominican, dominica, cuba, costa, rica, canada, belize, barbados, bahamas, antigua, barbuda, sovereign, office, albert, greenwood, romell, broom, brewer, braunstein, earl, bradley, william, richard, bradford, boston, strangler, rodney, alcala, burton, abbott, rapists, williams, kobe, bryant, torrington, steubenville, wichita, krista, harrison, valley, killer, cheshire, murders, journalism, elusive, compiled, libraries, online, books, prostitution, 114, 144262034, 1300, j189v02n03_04, practice, anderson, michelle, 1993, 1975, columbine, 449, 90820, 472, klein, ethel, 1984, cambridge, massachusetts, 674, 34197, consciousness, mass, alfred, knopf, 307, 26906, via, 490, timeline, colonial, urbina, ian, challenge, maschke, karen, garland, pub, 9780815325192, 2002, 221, 9780471256946, empowering, belgrave, faye, allison, kevin, sage, 434, 438, 9781412965552, 437, psychology, mcfarland, analytical, book, extraordinary, reclaimed, crown, publishing, bryc, katarzyna, durand, macpherson, reich, joanna, mountain, 25529636, 4289685, pmc, 1016, ajhg, 010, human, genetics, ancestry, latinos, exactly, zimmer, carl, tales, pacific, davis, floyd, 2001, penn, 271, 04463, nation, reis, elizabeth, 2nd, blackwell, 4443, 3929, rothman, joshua, block, 872, 0022, 4642, chambers, 2006, 851, 0021, 8723, rabble, revolution, 1730, 1830, ota, bodleian, tcp, committing, final, arguments, counsel, side, oyer, terminer, gaol, delivery, county, 8th, line, latin, impartially, gentleman, profession, baram, despite, promises, stuck, paying, bills, usdoj, ovw, sheets, ivory, therapists, wrote, insurers, denying, care, choice, risk, mallios, meisner, toolsi, educating, voir, dire, bias, 1978, naming, shambley, ebron, source, healthcare, disparity, color, injuries, adolescents, nursing, 144, 150, cbs, 2008, 554, 407, kennedy, louisiana, eliza, why, don, attorney, manual, sec, 031, successive, petite, carol, tracy, terry, fromson, gentile, charlene, whitman, project, aequitas, 920b, 120b, attorneys, association, statutes, chart, bjs, thomas, good, joyous, sexy, banner, 639, 650, sivitz, knowing, stratified, undergraduates, interpersonal, 394, 416, vandergriff, caroline, charter, communications, spectrum, shows, unc, parra, esteban, dsu, cleared, charges, lauerman, bloomberg, say, violated, van, zuylen, wood, simon, swarthmore, cathy, until, proven, skewed, crusade, berkowitz, clear, presumption, guilt, grossman, mother, aghast, hingston, sandy, rules, taranto, grasgreen, allie, inside, classrooms, courts, neither, dear, colleague, letter, rennison, addington, identify, limitations, future, 29919847, 24488114, 1524, 8380, 1177, 1524838014520724, 159, fisher, kaplan, budescu, tiller, everett, influence, anogenital, willingness, engage, 968, 983, beech, com, veteran, says, 19thnews, finds, oash, walters, chen, breiding, orientation, bachman, ronet, zaykowski, heather, kallmyer, poteyeva, margarita, lanier, christina, alaska, known, myriam, aldershot, hampshire, england, ashgate, 53192104, oclc, 0754635659, offending, greenfeld, lawrence, ncj, 163392, explorer, nibrs, tables, cde, cjis, latest, webapp, basile, kathleen, kresnow, marcie, khatiwada, srijana, leemis, ruth, atlanta, horvath, miranda, routledge, handbook, kruttschnitt, kalsbeek, eds, panel, measuring, committee, behavioral, sciences, fischer, bonnie, cullen, francis, turner, 2000, ncjrs, morgan, machine, berzofsky, krebs, planty, smiley, mcdonald, hope, journalistsresource, kilpatrick, dean, resnick, heidi, ruggiero, kenneth, conoscenti, lauren, mccauley, jenna, incapacitated, tjaden, patricia, thoennes, nancy, consequences, nyu, 8147, 4120, fraternity, brotherhood, privilege, lii, ovc, ojp, nvaa, horney, julie, 153, 3053892, 117, instrumental, urban, 0897, 1277, jurimetrics, common, addendum, yung, lie, iowa, 1197, academies, estimating, asked, vanderbilt, academy, tailhook, advocate, paul, andrews, defunct, clearinghouse, play, later, film, roommates, complexities, judicial, debate, attack, farrah, extremities, debbie, developments, regard, 21st, intensely, florida, kidnapped, enacting, mandate, electronic, monitoring, furthermore, contain, sanctions, housing, presence, restrictions, registries, mandatory, minimum, seven, neighbor, introduction, disclose, details, relating, jersey, kanka, writings, concepts, brought, radical, speak, discussed, expression, establish, towards, reforming, existing, focus, political, politicized, 20th, institution, feminism, forbade, murderer, happy, beyond, repair, professor, described, probably, likelihood, prone, pennsylvania, eighth, amendment, constitution, punishable, earlier, voting, protests, historians, role, played, central, experiences, overlooked, historian, aruged, prompted, organzing, helped, shape, formed, groups, mobilized, grassroots, demand, terrorization, actively, resisted, example, abducted, fought, arrested, jailed, none, ever, 106, recy, taylor, jim, crow, into, tied, unequal, discrimination, unaddressed, ignored, extreme, injustice, 1922, weaknesses, demanding, dispatch, directed, scapegoated, constitutes, traced, back, employed, uphold, hierarchy, founded, numerous, scholars, representation, contributed, hypersexualization, masculinity, depicted, partially, clothed, popular, cultural, representations, depiction, systemic, objectification, fostered, fixated, bodies, manifested, coupling, aimed, producing, inflicted, plantations, deeply, embedded, intersection, equally, colonized, now, 1492, served, crucial, dominate, his, associates, individuals, trafficked, purpose, establishing, supremacy, colonization, primarily, imagined, opposed, 1950s, considered, targeting, suspicion, tulsa, lynchings, 101, abused, overseers, prevalent, strongly, influenced, make, overwhelming, majority, alive, impunity, unions, inherited, mothers, peoples, affected, girls, named, frequent, target, robert, newsom, three, him, began, killed, self, defense, sentenced, hanging, traders, ships, faced, masters, growth, justify, stereotype, seductive, wanted, submit, exploited, stereotypes, originating, viewed, credible, complainants, stereotyped, promiscuous, ways, blame, present, initial, conception, socialization, amongst, friends, walks, going, ice, cream, ended, taking, brothel, prosecuted, acquitted, indulgence, believe, consented, pictured, alley, reality, private, affairs, intervention, demanded, purely, interaction, assumed, misconception, cover, shadow, wielding, knife, perpetuated, outcasts, coerce, circles, bureaucratic, mismanagement, areas, loopholes, sometimes, bill, anyway, difficulty, getting, fixed, requires, regardless, chooses, comply, regarding, formula, grant, 3796gg, entitled, incurs, full, pocket, carrier, pays, wish, goal, allow, pursue, traumatic, event, lost, progresses, encouraged, soon, deciding, initiate, ensures, timely, coverage, variety, bases, mentioned, previously, company, indicating, preexisting, condition, allegedly, stating, medically, necessary, lawyers, selecting, aware, stigmas, surrounding, determine, come, verdict, clouded, preconceived, ideas, typical, look, like, drew, owner, herman, name, accusers, came, sense, fairness, two, sides, hotly, denounced, officials, readers, written, telephoned, comment, quoted, executive, editor, wrong, misguided, wouldn, benjamin, bradlee, hospital, magazine, northern, particular, examinations, particularly, thighs, labia, majora, posterior, fourchette, fossa, navicularis, personnel, collect, commonly, though, off, testing, tested, processing, 500, recanting, progress, minor, previous, giving, renders, give, themselves, categorizations, punishments, die, intended, remains, dies, intent, kill, survives, severity, drugs, intoxicants, repeat, prescribes, automatically, doubling, grouped, 2248, 2241, complicate, handling, overlapping, agencies, handle, involves, tried, pursued, presents, adequately, addressed, believes, double, jeopardy, international, waters, merchant, vessel, flagged, naval, principle, applies, foreign, crossing, manner, interstate, commerce, consul, ambassador, sovereignty, similarly, fondling, touching, parts, exposure, activity, called, stipulate, kind, results, demonstrable, threats, party, nonconsensual, amount, samoa, composed, principally, fifty, prosecutable, although, varies, alternate, categorized, explanation, green, mixed, coerced, treated, separate, severe, vaginal, mean, population, 004, 614, 247, 488, 260, 714, 792, 864, 369, 237, 668, 302, total, ages, enrollment, norms, alone, encourage, larger, effective, awareness, effort, obama, instituted, requiring, schools, investigate, adjudicate, preponderance, sharply, criticized, libertarians, concerned, eroding, lead, wrongful, lawsuits, filed, universities, wrongfully, highest, tying, dartmouth, wesleyan, carolina, rutgers, brunswick, vermont, ending, stanford, analysis, outside, longitudinal, nonstudent, populations, develop, comprehensive, design, quality, scope, wide, ranges, anywhere, approximately, starting, methodological, method, studied, disparities, 258, percent, resulted, correlating, 384, felony, incarceration, compares, stage, trouble, enough, feared, retaliation, catch, punish, felt, duty, improve, ongoing, recurrence, escalation, protect, sufficient

Text of the page (random words):
ators of sexual assault point to a widespread denial of women as potential sexual aggressors that could work to obscure the true dimensions of the problem 45 a 2014 study by the bureau of justice statistics of college campus rape statistics from national crime victimization survey data collected from 1995 to 2013 and show that rape in college are independent of race 46 the national violence against women survey found that 34 of american indian female respondents had experienced attempted or completed rape in their lifetime the rapist was more likely to be a non native than a native 47 the 2010 national intimate partner and sexual violence survey found that 13 1 of lesbians 46 1 of bisexual women and 17 4 of heterosexual women have been raped physically assaulted or stalked 48 the 2016 2017 national intimate partner and sexual violence survey found that for female victims of rape 83 4 reported being raped at least one time before the age of 25 with 49 0 reporting they were first raped before the age of 18 25 for male rape victims 86 1 reported being raped at least one time before the age of 25 with 56 6 reporting they were first raped before the age of 18 for male victims who were forced to penetrate someone 79 9 reported being forced to penetrate at least one time before the age of 25 with 41 1 reporting they were forced to penetrate someone before the age of 18 women with disabilities in the united states experience significantly higher rates of gender based violence compared to women without disabilities according to the u s centers for disease control and prevention cdc more than one in four women in the country has a disability both women and men with disabilities face increased risks of sexual violence and intimate partner violence data from the national intimate partner and sexual violence survey nisvs indicate that a substantial proportion of female rape victims had a disability at the time of the assault 49 advocacy and public health reports highlight several structural factors that increase vulnerability many women with disabilities rely on caregivers or personal assistants for daily living tasks which can create power imbalances and opportunities for abuse such abuse may include physical or sexual violence neglect withholding of mobility aids or medication or coercive control over reproductive and sexual decisions 50 workplace violence disproportionately affects women with disabilities a 2023 poll by the 19th news found that nearly half of women with disabilities reported experiencing sexual harassment or assault in the workplace significantly higher than the rate reported by women without disabilities 51 researchers warn that the true prevalence of violence against women with disabilities is likely underestimated due to barriers in reporting communication challenges and social isolation limited access to shelters legal services and accessible reporting mechanisms further restricts many survivors from receiving support or justice 50 relationship between attacker and victim edit an examination of the relationships between the victim and their attacker indicates the following relationship of victim to rapist before the incident 52 current or former intimate partner 26 another relative 7 friend or acquaintance 38 stranger 26 about four out of ten sexual assaults take place at the victim s own home 44 3 u s senator martha mcsally an arizona republican said during a senate meeting on sexual assault in the military that she was raped by a superior officer in the u s air force mcsally was the first female combat pilot in the u s air force she said that she never reported it because so many people did not trust the system she blamed herself she was ashamed and confused and she thought she was strong but was made to feel powerless 53 the 2016 2017 national intimate partner and sexual violence survey found that among women who have been raped most have been raped by an acquaintance 56 1 followed by intimate partners 39 3 family members 16 0 strangers 12 1 brief encounters 9 6 and persons of authority 4 0 25 for men who have been raped most were raped by acquaintances 57 3 followed by family members 16 0 strangers 13 7 brief encounters 12 8 intimate partners 12 5 and persons of authority 9 2 for men who have been forced to penetrate someone most were forced to penetrate by acquaintanced 62 2 followed by intimate partners 26 3 brief encounters 14 3 strangers 10 4 family members 5 9 and persons of authority 5 9 underreporting edit a 2014 report by the department of justice estimated that 34 8 of cases of sexual assaults are reported to the authorities 6 when sufficient dna or injury evidence was procured from a woman s body she was more likely to follow through with the legal process of prosecution as there was more confidence in a favorable outcome for her women who experienced forced sexual assault more frequently were less likely to follow through with the legal process than women who do not experience forced sexual assault frequently 54 reasons victims reported sexual violence to law enforcement 2005 2010 55 28 protect household or victim from further crimes by the offender 25 stop an ongoing incident or prevent immediate recurrence or escalation 21 felt a duty to report or to improve police surveillance 17 catch or punish offender prevent crimes against others 9 other or multiple reasons reasons victims did not report sexual violence to law enforcement 2005 2010 55 20 feared retaliation 13 believed the police would not do anything to help 13 believed it was a personal matter 8 reported to non law enforcement official 8 believed it was not important enough to report 7 did not want to get the perpetrator in trouble 2 believed the police could not do anything to help 30 other or multiple reasons prosecution rate edit according to fbi statistics out of 127 258 rapes reported to police departments in 2018 33 4 percent resulted in an arrest 17 based on correlating multiple data sources rainn rape abuse and incest national network estimates 55 that for every 1 000 rapes 384 are reported to police 57 result in an arrest 11 are referred for prosecution 7 result in a felony conviction and 6 result in incarceration this compares to a higher rate at every stage for similar crimes college and university campuses edit see also campus rape definitions of rape can vary and since not all rapes are reported researchers instead rely on surveys of student and nonstudent populations to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the prevalence survey design including the questions and the sample quality and scope can also create wide ranges in rates research estimates anywhere from approximately 10 56 to 29 57 of women have been victims of rape or attempted rape since starting college methodological differences such as the method of survey administration the definition of rape or sexual assault used the wording of questions and the time period studied contribute to these disparities 57 rape a subset of sexual assault took place 3 1 times per 1 000 in females aged 18 to 24 in the year 2013 5 one 2014 analysis conducted by u s department of justice s bureau of justice statistics represents a longitudinal study of us women from 1995 to 2013 for the year 2013 the study found that there were more incidents of rape victimization among women aged 18 24 4 3 per 1 000 compared to women outside that age range 1 4 per 1 000 5 in an effort to prevent rape on campuses the obama administration instituted policies requiring schools to investigate rape cases and adjudicate rape cases under a preponderance of the evidence standard 58 these policies have been sharply criticized by civil libertarians concerned that they are eroding due process and will lead to wrongful convictions of the innocent 59 60 61 62 63 64 a number of lawsuits have been filed against colleges and universities by students claiming to have been wrongfully expelled for rape they did not commit 65 66 67 in 2016 the colleges with the highest rapes included brown university and university of connecticut tying for 43 rapes a year followed by dartmouth college with 42 wesleyan university with 35 university of virginia with 35 harvard with 33 university of north carolina at charlotte with 32 rutgers in new brunswick with 32 university of vermont with 27 and ending with stanford with 26 rapes per year 68 prevention programs vary across college campuses norms based programs to inform students that they are not alone in knowledge of rape victims and perpetrators may encourage students to view sexual assault as a larger problem in their community 69 additionally creative campaigns on college campuses that market consent were found to be effective in raising awareness of campus sexual assaults and issues related to this problem 70 number of incidents edit rape or sexual assault victimization against females ages 18 to 24 by post secondary enrollment status 1995 2013 71 categories student victim non student victims total 31 302 65 668 completed rape 10 237 26 369 attempted rape 7 864 15 792 sexual assault 9 714 18 260 threat of rape or sexual assault 3 488 5 247 the mean annual population was 5 130 004 for students and 8 614 853 for non students 71 criminal punishment edit main article rape laws in the united states see also sexual consent legislation coercion based law all penetrative sex consent based law anal and oral sex consent based law vaginal anal and oral sex mixed legislation coerced sexual penetration treated as a separate more severe crime coercion based law non penetrative sex consent based law non penetrative sex green river college explanation of washington state law on rape the united states is composed principally of fifty states each with its own criminal code 72 as well as the federal jurisdiction rape is prosecutable in all u s jurisdictions 72 73 as well as under the uniform code of military justice 74 75 although the terminology used varies by jurisdiction among the alternate names that may be used to prosecute a rape charge the offense may be categorized as sexual assault sexual battery or criminal sexual conduct some u s states or other jurisdictions such as american samoa recognize penetrative sex without consent by the victim and without the use of force by the perpetrator as a crime usually called rape other states do not recognize this as a crime their laws stipulate that the perpetrator must have used some kind of force or coercion physical violence that results in demonstrable physical injury threats against the victim or a third party or some other form of coercion in order for such nonconsensual penetrative sex to amount to a crime 76 similarly some states or other jurisdictions such as the military recognize non penetrative sex acts contact such as fondling or touching a person s intimate parts or exposure of a body or sexual activity without consent by the victim and without the use of force by the perpetrator as a crime while other states do not 76 jurisdiction edit in the united states the principle of dual sovereignty applies to rape as to other crimes if the rape is committed within the borders of a state that state has jurisdiction if the victim is a federal official an ambassador consul or other foreign official under the protection of the united states or if the crime took place on federal property or involved crossing state borders or in a manner that substantially affects interstate commerce or national security then the federal government also has jurisdiction if a crime is not committed within any state such as in the district of columbia or on a naval or u s flagged merchant vessel in international waters then federal jurisdiction is exclusive in cases where the rape involves both state and federal jurisdictions the offender can be tried and punished separately for each crime without raising issues of double jeopardy when a state has jurisdiction over a rape case as a matter of policy federal prosecution will not be pursued for a rape charge unless the case presents a matter of federal interest that interest was not adequately addressed by a state level prosecution and the government believes that a federal prosecution will be successful 77 jurisdiction issues also complicate the handling of campus rape due in part to overlapping jurisdiction of campus and local law enforcement and differences in how various police agencies and prosecutors handle sex offenses 78 federal law edit federal law does not use the term rape rape is grouped with all forms of non consensual sexual acts under chapter 109a of the united states code 18 u s c 2241 2248 under federal law the punishment for rape can range from a fine to life imprisonment the severity of the punishment is based on the use of violence the age of the victim and whether drugs or intoxicants were used to override consent if the perpetrator is a repeat offender the law prescribes automatically doubling the maximum sentence whether the victim is an adult 79 or of a child 80 the u s supreme court has held that the death penalty is not available as a possible penalty if the victim does not die and death was not intended by the defendant capital punishment remains available as a penalty where the victim dies or where the defendant acts with intent to kill the victim but the victim survives different categorizations and maximum punishments for rape under federal law 73 72 description fine imprisonment years life imprisonment rape using violence or the threat of violence to override consent unlimited 0 unlimited yes rape by causing fear in the victim for themselves or for another person to override consent unlimited 0 unlimited yes rape by giving a drug or intoxicant to a person that renders them unable to give consent unlimited 0 15 no statutory rape involving an adult perpetrator unlimited 0 15 no statutory rape involving an adult perpetrator with a previous conviction unlimited 0 unlimited yes statutory rape involving a perpetrator who is a minor unlimited 0 15 no when a person causes the rape by a third person unlimited 0 10 no when a person causes the rape of a child under 12 by a third person unlimited 0 unlimited yes investigations edit further information rape investigation medical personnel in the united states of america typically collect evidence for potential rape cases commonly referred to as rape kits though normally collected the rape kits are not always sent off for testing reasons given by the police for rape kits not being tested include cost processing a kit can cost up to 1 500 decisions being made to not prosecute and victims either recanting or declining to progress the case 81 as identifying injury is an important part of identifying rape victims particular attention must be given to examinations of patients with dark skin particularly the thighs labia majora posterior fourchette and fossa navicularis 82 newspaper northern virginia sun drew national attention in the late 1970s w...