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l environmental temperature enables the aqueous humor to circulate when the organism is sleeping rem provides the much needed stir to aqueous humor this theory is consistent with the observation that fetuses as well as eye sealed newborn animals spend much time in rem sleep and that during a normal sleep a person s rem sleep episodes become progressively longer deeper into the night however owls experience rem sleep but do not move their head more than in non rem sleep 84 and it is well known that owls eyes are nearly immobile 85 other theories edit another theory suggests that monoamine shutdown is required so that the monoamine receptors in the brain can recover to regain full sensitivity the sentinel hypothesis of rem sleep was put forward by frederick snyder in 1966 it is based upon the observation that rem sleep in several mammals the rat the hedgehog the rabbit and the rhesus monkey is followed by a brief awakening this does not occur for either cats or humans although humans are more likely to wake from rem sleep than from nrem sleep snyder hypothesized that rem sleep activates an animal periodically to scan the environment for possible predators this hypothesis does not explain the muscle paralysis of rem sleep however a logical analysis might suggest that the muscle paralysis exists to prevent the animal from fully waking up unnecessarily and allowing it to return easily to deeper sleep 86 36 122 124 87 jim horne a sleep researcher at loughborough university has suggested that rem in modern humans compensates for the reduced need for wakeful food foraging 12 other theories are that rem sleep warms the brain stimulates and stabilizes the neural circuits that have not been activated during waking or creates internal stimulation to aid development of the cns while some argue that rem lacks any purpose and simply results from random brain activation 82 88 furthermore eye movements are also theorized to play a role in certain psychotherapies such as eye movement desensitization and reprocessing emdr see also edit neuroscience of sleep pedunculopontine nucleus ppn sleep and learning sleep study references edit 1 2 spinassi raffael brito 2026 04 09 the sentinel sleep theory unweaving the biological function of rem sleep sleep medicine x 100186 doi 10 1016 j sleepx 2026 100186 issn 2590 1427 altini marco kinnunen hannu 2021 06 23 the promise of sleep a multi sensor approach for accurate sleep stage detection using the oura ring sensors basel switzerland 21 13 4302 bibcode 2021senso 21 4302a doi 10 3390 s21134302 issn 1424 8220 pmc 8271886 pmid 34201861 1 2 hall je 2010 guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology e book elsevier health sciences isbn 978 1 4377 2674 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 brown re mccarley rw 2008 neuroanatomical and neurochemical basis of wakefulness and rem sleep systems in monti j pandi perumal sr sinton cm eds neurochemistry of sleep and wakefulness cambridge cambridge university press isbn 978 0 521 86441 1 orem j 2012 physiology in 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