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rashbam wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 biography 2 teachings toggle teachings subsection 2 1 torah commentary 2 2 talmudic works 3 related books and papers 4 see also 5 references toggle the table of contents rashbam 9 languages مصرى čeština deutsch français עברית magyar polski русский slovenčina edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia french rabbi rashbam born c 1085 troyes died c 1158 philosophical work era medieval philosophy region jewish philosophy samuel ben meir troyes c 1085 c 1158 after his death known as the rashbam a hebrew acronym for ra bbi sh muel b en m eir was a leading french tosafist and grandson of shlomo yitzhaki rashi 1 biography edit he was born in the vicinity of troyes in around 1085 in france to his father meir ben shmuel and mother yocheved daughter of rashi he was the older brother of solomon the grammarian as well as of the tosafists isaac ben meir the rivam and jacob ben meir rabbeinu tam and a colleague of rabbi joseph kara like his maternal grandfather the rashbam was a biblical commentator and talmudist he learned from rashi and from isaac ben asher ha levi riva he was the teacher of his brother rabbeinu tam and his method of interpretation differed from that of his grandfather 2 rashbam earned a living by tending livestock and growing grapes following in his family tradition known for his piety he defended jewish beliefs in public disputes that had been arranged by church leaders to demonstrate the inferiority of judaism and his commentary contains several direct references to such disputes with the clergy especially concerning the mistranslation of biblical terms which leads to misunderstandings 3 few details of rashbam s life are known he is said to have been so modest that he always walked with downcast eyes mordecai ben hillel says that he was so absent minded that once while traveling he almost climbed into a wagon loaded with cattle 4 it is also known that around 1150 he taught in rouen hebrew רדום rodom capital city of plantagenet normandy duchy at the yeshiva whose remains were discovered in 1976 there he probably met the great spanish scholar avraham ibn ezra who stayed in rouen between 1150 and 1158 in or around 1160 a synod was held in troyes as part of the takkanot shum this synod was led by the rashbam his brother rabbeinu tam and eliezer ben nathan the ra avan over 250 rabbis from communities all over france attended as well a number of communal decrees were enacted at the synod covering both jewish gentile relations as well as matters relating internally to the jewish community 5 v t e rashi family tree isaac hatzarfati samuel rashi meir jochebed rachel eliezer miriam judah ben nathan samuel ben meir rabbeinu tam miriam samson ben yosef rivam solomon ben meir miriam samuel of vitry yom tov eliezer isaac joseph solomon abraham of sens judah ben yom tov joseph isaac ben samuel isaac of dampierre samson ben abraham isaac rabbeinu elhanan rabbi jacob judah ben isaac messer leon samuel ben elhanan samuel of acre notes rashi s daughters teachings edit torah commentary edit his commentary on the torah is renowned for its stress on the plain meaning peshat of the text 6 he adopted a natural as distinct from a homiletical and traditional method 2 this approach often led him to state views that were somewhat controversial thus rashbam on genesis 1 5 maintained that the day began at dawn and not from the previous sunset as later jewish custom assumed another famous interpretation was rashbam s view that the much disputed phrase in genesis 49 10 must be rendered until he cometh to shiloh and refers to the division of the kingdom of judah after solomon s death 2 rashbam explains his aim in biblical exegesis thus those who love pure reason should always remember that the sages have said a biblical passage must not be deprived of its original meaning on genesis 37 2 yet as a consequence of the opinion expressed by them that the constant study of the talmud is one of the most laudable pursuits commentators have been unable by reason of such study to expound individual verses according to their obvious meaning even my grandfather solomon was an adherent of this school and i had an argument with him on that account in which he admitted that he would revise his commentaries if he had time to do so several scholars feel that the reason his commentary on genesis was missing for a long time and not fully recovered until the late 1800s had to do with controversial remarks regarding when the day begins even today not all versions of mikraot gedolot include a complete rashbam 7 talmudic works edit portions of his commentary on the talmud have been preserved such as on the tractate bava batra on large portions of the tractate where no commentary by rashi is available as well as the last chapter of tractate pesachim rashbam s notes on the bible are remarkable for brevity he wrote two versions of his commentary on parts of the bavli babylonian talmud a long version and a short version generally only his long version has been published although the shorter version has sometimes been published in part rashbam s talmudical works include the following commentaries on the treatise baba batra iii 29a to the end on pesaḥim x 99b to the end on avodah zarah of which only a few passages are quoted in temim de im ed venice iii 19b 20b 28c on niddah as appears from the or zarua berliner s magazin i 100a additions to alfasi ahaba ed amsterdam i 136b additions to rashi s commentary 8 teshuvot in r eliezer b nathan s eben ha ezer ed prague 143b 146c and in the pardes ed constantinople fol 4a berliner s magazin 1876 p 60 or zarua i 79b mordekai on ket viii 300 fol 108b in haggahot maimuniyyot ishot iii on pirkei avot 9 additions of his to pirkei avot are found also in migdal oz by shem tov ben abraham ibn gaon the conclusions of the commentaries on the talmud left incomplete by rashi other opinions of the rashbam which aren t found in his currently extant writings are commonly quoted by tosafot throughout the talmud related books and papers edit japhet sara salters robert b 1985 the commentary of r samuel ben meir rashbam on qoheleth jerusalem magnes press hebrew university isbn 965 223 517 2 oclc 12685924 lockshin martin i 1989 rabbi samuel ben meir s commentary on genesis an annotated translation lewiston ny usa e mellen press isbn 0 88946 256 9 oclc 19740503 lockshin martin i 2001 rashbam s commentary on exodus an annotated translation atlanta ga scholars press isbn 1 930675 11 9 oclc 634886463 golb norman 1998 the jews in medieval normandy a social and intellectual history new york cambridge university press isbn 0 521 58032 3 oclc 36461619 viezel eran 2008 the anxiety of influence rashbam s approach to rashi s commentary on the torah ajs review 98 3 project muse 279 303 doi 10 1017 s0364009416000428 issn 0364 0094 s2cid 164824867 cohen mordechai z 2016 rashbam scholarship in perpetual motion jewish quarterly review 40 2 university of pennsylvania press 389 408 doi 10 1353 jqr 0 0014 issn 0021 6682 rashbam wrote commentary to bava batra and pesachim in talmud bavli see also edit jewish commentaries on the bible references edit the commentary of r samuel ben meir rashbam on qoheleth ed sara japhet robert b salters 1985 this book designed for students of the hebrew bible and medieval exegesis presents a small part of the work of r samuel ben meir rashbam the grandson of rashi and one of the leading figures in rashi s school of exegesis in northern 1 2 3 chisholm hugh ed 1911 rashbam encyclopædia britannica 11th ed cambridge university press nist theodore a 1997 03 24 thou shalt not kill report fort belvoir va defense technical information center doi 10 21236 ada326524 mordechai eruvin end synods www jewishvirtuallibrary org retrieved 2022 08 17 see commentary to genesis 37 2 https www sefaria org rashbam_on_genesis 37 2 1 friedman hershey h 2021 to study or to censor rashbam s untraditional groundbreaking biblical commentary 1 2 doi 10 13140 rg 2 2 14638 13127 cite journal cite journal requires journal help zunz z g p 32 zunz z g pp 124 et seq this article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain singer isidore et al eds 1901 1906 samuel b meïr rashbam the jewish encyclopedia new york funk wagnalls authority control databases international isni viaf gnd fast 2 national united states france bnf data czech republic netherlands norway sweden israel people trove librarything deutsche biographie ddb other idref yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title rashbam oldid 1378527718 categories 1080s births 1158 deaths 12th century french rabbis bible commentators french tosafists clergy from troyes viticulturists hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata articles with hcards wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 encyclopaedia britannica with wikisource reference cs1 errors missing periodical wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1906 jewish encyclopedia wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1906 jewish encyclopedia without a wikisource reference wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1906 jewish encyclopedia this page was last edited on 4 october 2026 at 22 15 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents rashbam 9 languages add topic