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ater chillers 3 most common refrigerant in us autos from 1990s until phase out began in 2010s largely banned in new stationary equipment in us as of 2025 banned in new light vehicles as of 2025 and in all new vehicles after 2028 73 99 r 404a mixture r 125 44 r 134a 4 r 143a 52 7 258 95 4 808 95 being phased out high gwp successor to r 502 in low temperature commercial refrigeration 3 restrictions are increasing over time 73 100 r 407c mixture r 32 23 r 125 25 r 134a 52 4 411 95 1 892 95 being phased down under us aim act replacement for r 22 being phased out in the us starting in 2022 100 101 r 410a mixture r 32 50 r 125 50 4 705 95 2 285 95 still widely used but being phased out r 410a replaced r 22 and r 407c in most domestic ac systems 3 102 most used in split heat pumps ac in 2018 with almost 100 share in the us 103 but banned in new equipment starting 1 january 2025 73 r 502 mixture r 22 48 8 r 115 51 2 6 542 95 5 863 95 banned cfc hcfc blend widely used in low temperature commercial refrigeration during the 20th century 3 production was banned in developed countries by montreal protocol in 1996 and in developing article 5 countries in 2010 27 other refrigerants edit code chemical name gwp 20 year gwp 100 year notes r 152a hfc 152a ch 3 chf 2 1 1 difluoroethane 591 62 164 62 class a2 flammable used as gas duster concerns about inhalant abuse 104 r 514a mixture hco 1330e 25 3 hfo 1336mzz z 74 7 7 95 7 95 class b1 toxic non flammable low gwp replacement for r 123 in low pressure centrifugal chillers for commercial and industrial applications 105 106 being displaced by non toxic hfo 1233zd e 107 numbered classification of refrigerants edit see also list of refrigerants the r numbering system maintained by ashrae and iso uniquely identifies refrigerants according to their composition 108 109 the system originated for numbering halogenated hydrocarbons but it encompasses blended refrigerants and inorganic refrigerants as well disposable refrigerant gas cylinders using different colors for different refrigerants current guidelines discourage color coded cylinders 110 main numbering system edit according to iso 109 the identifying numbers assigned to the hydrocarbons halocarbons and ethers of the methane ethane ethene propane propene butane butene cyclobutene and cyclobutane series are such that the chemical composition of the compounds can be explicitly determined from the refrigerant numbers for these refrigerants the r number has the following form r prefix x 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 suffix where x 1 number of unsaturated carbon carbon bonds omit if zero x 2 number of carbon atoms minus 1 omit if zero x 3 number of hydrogen atoms plus 1 x 4 number of fluorine atoms and any additional atoms attached to the carbon atoms are presumed to be chlorine these rules generate the following series of refrigerants with xx as shorthand for x 3 x 4 r xx the methane series r 1xx the ethane series r 2xx the propane series r 11xx the ethene series and r 12xx the propene series for example r 32 a two digit number has x 1 x 2 0 implying a single carbon atom the methane series with two hydrogen atoms x 3 1 and two fluorine atoms x 4 2 thus ch 2 f 2 difluoromethane similarly r 290 has x 1 0 no unsaturated carbon carbon bonds three carbon atoms x 2 1 eight hydrogen atoms x 3 1 and no fluorine atoms x 4 0 so c 3 h 8 propane the prefix when present is an upper case letter c for cyclic compounds e for compounds containing an ether group or ce for cyclic compounds with ether groups the suffix follows more complicated rules upper case suffixes are added for the following characteristics b and i together with a number indicate how many chlorine atoms have been replaced with bromine or iodine e denotes a trans molecule and z denotes a cis molecule the rules for lower case suffixes depend upon the series of the molecule rules for lower case suffixes 109 ethane derived chains number only most symmetrical isomer lower case suffix a b c etc increasingly unsymmetrical isomers propane derived chains number only only one isomer exists first lower case suffix a f a cl 2 substitution on central carbon b cl f substitution on central carbon c f 2 substitution on central carbon d cl h substitution on central carbon e f h substitution on central carbon f h 2 substitution on central carbon second lower case suffix a b c etc increasingly unsymmetrical isomers propene derived chains first lower case suffix x y z x cl substitution on central atom y f substitution on central atom z h substitution on central atom second lower case suffix a f a ccl 2 methylene substitution b cclf methylene substitution c cf 2 methylene substitution d chcl methylene substitution e chf methylene substitution f ch 2 methylene substitution as an example of the propene series r 1234yf has one carbon carbon double bond x 1 1 with three carbon atoms x 2 1 3 thus a propene structure two hydrogen atoms x 3 1 2 and four fluorine atoms x 4 4 with fluorine on the central carbon y and a methylene group f which consists of a carbon atom double bonded to another carbon and two of the hydrogen atoms these details define 2 3 3 3 tetrafluoropropene with the comma separated numbers indicating which carbon atom each fluorine atom series outside the main system edit the r number is assigned under different rules for blended refrigerants some hydrocarbons and inorganic refrigerants 109 r 4xx zeotropic blend the number xx is assigned an upper case suffix a b etc distinguishes different compositions of the same blend r 5xx azeotropic blend the number xx is assigned an upper case suffix a b etc distinguishes different compositions of the same blend r 6xx miscellaneous hydrocarbons for saturated hydrocarbons with four to eight carbon atoms xx is the number of carbon atoms minus 4 so that butane is r 600 for others xx is assigned a trailing letter indicates increasingly unsymmetrical isomers r 7xx r 7xxx inorganic compounds for a molar mass 100 xx is the molar mass rounded to the nearest integer for a molar mass 100 xxx is the molar mass rounded to the nearest integer a trailing letter distinguishes compounds of equal molar mass composition designating prefixes edit see also list of refrigerants type and flammability the standard allows the prefix r to be replaced by a prefix describing the molecular components of the refrigerant examples include cfc for chlorofluorocarbons hcfc for hydrochlorofluorocarbons hfc for hydrofluorocarbons and hfo for hydrofluoroolefins 109 111 for example the hydrofluoroolefin hfo r 1234yf is also called hfo 1234yf see also edit heating ventilation and air conditioning international institute of refrigeration low temperature technology timeline working fluid selection references edit 1 2 3 4 5 çengel yunus a boles michael a kanoğlu mehmet 2019 chapter 11 thermodynamics an engineering approach 9th ed mcgraw hill isbn 978 1 259 82267 4 1 2 3 4 moran michael j shapiro howard n 2006 chapter 10 fundamentals of engineering 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