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room air distribution wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 mixing systems toggle mixing systems subsection 1 1 outlet types 2 displacement ventilation 3 see also 4 references toggle the table of contents room air distribution 2 languages deutsch français edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia air movement to within and from indoor spaces room air distribution is characterizing how air is introduced to flows through and is removed from spaces 1 hvac airflow in spaces generally can be classified by two different types mixing or dilution and displacement mixing systems edit mixing systems generally supply air such that the supply air mixes with the room air so that the mixed air is at the room design temperature and humidity in cooling mode the cool supply air typically around 55 f 13 c saturated at design conditions exits an outlet at high velocity the high velocity supply air stream causes turbulence causing the room air to mix with the supply air because the entire room is near fully mixed temperature variations are small while the contaminant concentration is fairly uniform throughout the entire room diffusers are normally used as the air outlets to create the high velocity supply air stream most often the air outlets and inlets are placed in the ceiling supply diffusers in the ceiling are fed by fan coil units in the ceiling void or by air handling units in a remote plant room the fan coil or handling unit takes in return air from the ceiling void and mix this with fresh air and cool or heat it as required to achieve the room design conditions this arrangement is known as conventional room air distribution 2 outlet types edit group a1 in or near the ceiling that discharge air horizontally 3 group a2 discharging horizontally that are not influenced by an adjacent surface 3 group b in or near the floor that discharge air vertically in a linear jet 3 group c in or near the floor that discharge air vertically in a spreading jet 3 group d in or near the floor that discharge air horizontally 3 group e project supply air vertically downward 3 displacement ventilation edit main article displacement ventilation displacement ventilation systems supply air directly to the occupied zone the air is supplied at low velocities to cause minimal induction and mixing this system is used for ventilation and cooling of large high spaces such as auditorium and atria where energy may be saved if only the occupied zone is treated rather than trying to control the conditions in the entire space displacement room airflow presents an opportunity to improve both the thermal comfort and indoor air quality iaq of the occupied space it also takes advantage of the difference in air density between an upper contaminated zone and a lower clean zone cool air is supplied at low velocity into the lower zone convection from heat sources creates vertical air motion into the upper zone where high level return inlets extract the air in most cases these convection heat sources are also the contamination sources e g people equipment or processes thereby carrying the contaminants up to the upper zone away from the occupants the displacement outlets are usually located at or near the floor with the air supply designed so the air flows smoothly across the floor where there is a heat source such as people lighting computers electrical equipment etc the air will rise pulling the cool supply air up with it and moving contaminants and heat from the occupied zone to the return or exhaust grilles above by doing so the air quality in the occupied zone is generally superior to that achieved with mixing room air distribution since the conditioned air is supplied directly into the occupied space supply air temperatures must be higher than mixing systems usually above 63 f or 17 c to avoid cold draughts at the floor by introducing the air at supply air temperatures close to the room temperature and low outlet velocity a high level of thermal comfort can be provided with displacement ventilation see also edit dilution equation duct hvac hvac underfloor air distribution indoor air quality thermal comfort air conditioning ashrae smacna references edit fundamentals volume of the ashrae handbook atlanta ga usa 2005 designer s guide to ceiling based room air diffusion rock and zhu ashrae inc atlanta ga usa 2002 1 2 3 4 5 6 ashrae handbook fundamentals 2021 v t e heating ventilation and air conditioning fundamental concepts air changes per hour ach bake out building envelope convection dilution domestic energy consumption enthalpy fluid dynamics gas compressor heat pump and refrigeration cycle heat transfer humidity infiltration latent heat noise control outgassing particulates psychrometrics sensible heat stack effect thermal comfort thermal destratification thermal mass thermodynamics vapour pressure of water technology absorption compression heat pump absorption refrigerator air barrier air conditioning antifreeze automobile air conditioning autonomous building building insulation materials central heating central solar heating chilled beam chilled water constant air volume cav coolant cross ventilation dedicated outdoor air system doas deep water source cooling demand controlled ventilation dcv displacement ventilation district cooling district heating electric heating energy recovery ventilation erv firestop forced air forced air gas free cooling heat recovery ventilation hrv hybrid heat hydronics ice storage air conditioning kitchen ventilation mixed mode ventilation microgeneration passive cooling passive daytime radiative cooling passive house passive ventilation radiant heating and cooling radiant cooling radiant heating radon mitigation raised floor refrigeration renewable heat room air distribution solar air heat solar combisystem solar cooling solar heating thermal insulation thermosiphon underfloor air distribution underfloor heating vapor barrier vapor compression refrigeration vcrs variable air volume vav variable refrigerant flow vrf ventilation water heat recycling components air conditioner inverter air door air filter air handler air ionizer air mixing plenum air purifier air source heat pump attic fan automatic balancing valve back boiler barrier pipe blast damper boiler centrifugal fan ceramic heater chiller condensate pump condenser condensing boiler convection heater compressor cooling tower damper dehumidifier duct economizer electrostatic precipitator evaporative cooler evaporator exhaust hood expansion tank fan fan coil unit fan filter unit fan heater fire damper fireplace fireplace insert freeze stat flue freon fume hood furnace gas compressor gas heater gasoline heater grease duct grille ground coupled heat exchanger ground source heat pump heat exchanger heat pipe heat pump heating film heating system hepa high efficiency glandless circulating pump high pressure cut off switch humidifier infrared heater inverter compressor kerosene heater louver mechanical room oil heater packaged terminal air conditioner plenum space pressurisation ductwork process duct work radiator radiator reflector recuperator refrigerant register reversing valve run around coil sail switch scroll compressor solar chimney solar assisted heat pump space heater smoke canopy smoke damper smoke exhaust ductwork thermal expansion valve thermal wheel thermostatic radiator valve trickle vent trombe wall turboswing turning vanes ultra low particulate air ulpa whole house fan windcatcher wood burning stove zone valve measurement and control air flow meter aquastat bacnet blower door building automation carbon dioxide sensor clean air delivery rate cadr control valve gas detector home energy monitor humidistat hvac control system infrared thermometer intelligent buildings lonworks minimum efficiency reporting value merv normal temperature and pressure ntp opentherm programmable communicating thermostat programmable thermostat psychrometrics room temperature smart thermostat standard temperature and pressure stp thermographic camera thermostat thermostatic radiator valve professions trades and services architectural acoustics architectural engineering architectural technologist building services engineering building information modeling bim deep energy retrofit duct cleaning duct leakage testing environmental engineering hydronic balancing kitchen exhaust cleaning mechanical engineering mechanical electrical and plumbing mold growth assessment and remediation refrigerant reclamation testing adjusting balancing industry organizations ahri amca ashrae astm international bre bsria cibse institute of refrigeration iir leed smacna umc health and safety indoor air quality iaq passive smoking sick building syndrome sbs volatile organic compound voc see also ashrae handbook building science fireproofing glossary of hvac terms warm spaces world refrigeration day template fire protection template home automation template plumbing template solar energy authority control databases gnd retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title room_air_distribution oldid 1330335887 categories building thermal insulation ventilation heating ventilation and air conditioning indoor air pollution hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata this page was last edited on 30 december 2025 at 21 15 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents room air distribution 2 languages add topic