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Text of the page (random words):
col consisting of three parts an envelope which defines the message structure 1 and how to process it a set of encoding rules for expressing instances of application defined datatypes a convention for representing procedure calls and responses soap has three major characteristics extensibility security and ws addressing are among the extensions under development neutrality soap can operate over any protocol such as http smtp tcp udp independence soap allows for any programming model as an example of what soap procedures can do an application can send a soap request to a server that has web services enabled such as a real estate price database with the parameters for a search the server then returns a soap response an xml formatted document with the resulting data e g prices location features since the generated data comes in a standardized machine parsable format the requesting application can then integrate it directly the soap architecture consists of several layers of specifications for message format message exchange patterns mep underlying transport protocol bindings message processing models protocol extensibility soap evolved as a successor of xml rpc though it borrows its transport and interaction neutrality from web service addressing 2 and the envelope header body from elsewhere probably from wddx citation needed history edit soap was designed as an object access protocol and released as xml rpc in june 1998 as part of frontier 5 1 by dave winer don box bob atkinson and mohsen al ghosein for microsoft where atkinson and al ghosein were working 3 the specification was not made available until it was submitted to ietf 13 september 1999 4 5 according to don box this was due to politics within microsoft 6 because of microsoft s hesitation dave winer shipped xml rpc in 1998 7 the submitted internet draft did not reach rfc status and is therefore not considered a web standard as such version 1 1 of the specification was published as a w3c note on 8 may 2000 8 since version 1 1 did not reach w3c recommendation status it can not be considered a web standard either version 1 2 of the specification however became a w3c recommendation on june 24 2003 soap originally stood for simple object access protocol but version 1 2 of the standard dropped this acronym 9 the soap specification 10 was maintained by the xml protocol working group 11 of the world wide web consortium until the group was closed 10 july 2009 after soap was first introduced it became the underlying layer of a more complex set of web services based on wsdl xsd and uddi these different services especially uddi have proved to be of far less interest citation needed but an appreciation of them gives a complete understanding of the expected role of soap compared to how web services have actually evolved according to whom soap terminology edit soap specification can be broadly defined to be consisting of the following three conceptual components protocol concepts encapsulation concepts and network concepts 12 protocol concepts edit soap this is a set of rules formalizing and governing the format and processing rules for information exchanged between a soap sender and a soap receiver soap nodes these are physical logical machines with processing units which are used to transmit forward receive and process soap messages these are analogous to nodes in a network soap roles over the path of a soap message all nodes assume a specific role the role of the node defines the action that the node performs on the message it receives for example a role none means that no node will process the soap header in any way and simply transmit the message along its path soap protocol binding a soap message needs to work in conjunction with other protocols to be transferred over a network for example a soap message could use tcp as a lower layer protocol to transfer messages these bindings are defined in the soap protocol binding framework 13 soap features soap provides a messaging framework only however it can be extended to add features such as reliability security etc there are rules to be followed when adding features to the soap framework soap module a collection of specifications regarding the semantics of soap header to describe any new features being extended upon soap a module needs to realize zero or more features soap requires modules to adhere to prescribed rules 14 data encapsulation concepts edit soap message represents the information being exchanged between 2 soap nodes soap envelope it is the enclosing element of an xml message identifying it as a soap message soap header block a soap header can contain more than one of these blocks each being a discrete computational block within the header in general the soap role information is used to target nodes on the path a header block is said to be targeted at a soap node if the soap role for the header block is the name of a role in which the soap node operates ex a soap header block with role attribute as ultimatereceiver is targeted only at the destination node which has this role a header with a role attribute as next is targeted at each intermediary as well as the destination node soap header a collection of one or more header blocks targeted at each soap receiver soap body contains the body of the message intended for the soap receiver the interpretation and processing of soap body is defined by header blocks soap fault in case a soap node fails to process a soap message it adds the fault information to the soap fault element this element is contained within the soap body as a child element message sender and receiver concepts edit soap sender the node that transmits a soap message soap receiver the node receiving a soap message could be an intermediary or the destination node soap message path the path consisting of all the nodes that the soap message traversed to reach the destination node initial soap sender this is the node which originated the soap message to be transmitted this is the root of the soap message path soap intermediary all the nodes in between the soap originator and the intended soap destination it processes the soap header blocks targeted at it and acts to forward a soap message towards an ultimate soap receiver ultimate soap receiver the destination receiver of the soap message this node is responsible for processing the message body and any header blocks targeted at it specification edit soap structure the soap specification defines the messaging framework which consists of the soap processing model defining the rules for processing a soap message 15 the soap extensibility model defining the concepts of soap features and soap modules 15 the soap underlying protocol binding framework describing the rules for defining a binding to an underlying protocol that can be used for exchanging soap messages between soap nodes 15 the soap message construct defining the structure of a soap message 15 soap building blocks edit a soap message is an ordinary xml document containing the following elements element description required envelope identifies the xml document as a soap message yes header contains header information no body contains call and response information yes fault provides information about errors that occurred while processing the message no transport methods edit both smtp and http are valid application layer protocols used as transport for soap but http has gained wider acceptance as it works well with today s internet infrastructure specifically http works well with network firewalls soap may also be used over https which is the same protocol as http at the application level but uses an encrypted transport protocol underneath with either simple or mutual authentication this is the advocated ws i method to provide web service security as stated in the ws i basic profile 1 1 this is a major advantage over other distributed protocols like giop iiop or dcom which are normally filtered by firewalls soap over amqp is yet another possibility that some implementations support soap also has an advantage over dcom that it is unaffected by security rights configured on the machines that require knowledge of both transmitting and receiving nodes this lets soap be loosely coupled in a way that is not possible with dcom there is also the soap over udp oasis standard message format edit xml information set was chosen as the standard message format because of its widespread use by major corporations and open source development efforts typically xml information set is serialized as xml a wide variety of freely available tools significantly eases the transition to a soap based implementation the somewhat lengthy syntax of xml can be both a benefit and a drawback while it facilitates error detection and avoids interoperability problems such as byte order endianness it can slow processing speed and can be cumbersome for example corba giop ice and dcom use much shorter binary message formats on the other hand hardware appliances are available to accelerate processing of xml messages 16 17 binary xml is also being explored as a means for streamlining the throughput requirements of xml xml messages by their self documenting nature usually have more overhead e g headers nested tags delimiters than actual data in contrast to earlier protocols where the overhead was usually a relatively small percentage of the overall message in financial messaging soap was found to result in a 2 4 times larger message than previous protocols fix financial information exchange and cdr common data representation 18 xml information set does not have to be serialized in xml for instance csv and json xml infoset representations exist there is also no need to specify a generic transformation framework the concept of soap bindings allows for specific bindings for a specific application the drawback is that both the senders and receivers have to support this newly defined binding example message encapsulated in http edit the message below requests a stock price for at t stock ticker symbol t post instock http 1 1 host www example org content type application soap xml charset utf 8 content length 299 soapaction http www w3 org 2003 05 soap envelope xml version 1 0 soap envelope xmlns soap http www w3 org 2003 05 soap envelope xmlns m http www example org soap header soap header soap body m getstockprice m stockname t m stockname m getstockprice soap body soap envelope technical critique edit this section needs more citations please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed august 2020 learn how and when to remove this message advantages edit soap s neutrality characteristic explicitly makes it suitable for use with any transport protocol implementations often use http as a transport protocol but other popular transport protocols can be used for example soap can also be used over smtp 19 jms 20 21 and message queues soap when combined with http post response exchanges tunnels easily through existing firewalls and proxies and consequently doesn t require modifying the widespread computing and communication infrastructures that exist for processing http post response exchanges soap has available to it all the facilities of xml including easy internationalization and extensibility with xml namespaces disadvantages edit when using standard implementation and the default soap http binding the xml infoset is serialized as xml to improve performance for the special case of xml with embedded binary objects the message transmission optimization mechanism was introduced when relying on http as a transport protocol and not using web services addressing or an enterprise service bus the roles of the interacting parties are fixed only one party the client can use the services of the other soap is less simple than the name would suggest the verbosity of the protocol low parsing speed of xml and lack of a standardized interaction model led to the dominance of services using the http protocol more directly see for example rest being protocol agnostic soap is unable to take advantage of protocol specific features and optimizations such as rest s uniform interface or caching instead having to reimplement them as with ws addressing see also edit soap with attachments soap with attachments api for java soap over udp list of web service protocols message transmission optimization mechanism mtom xml binary optimized packaging xop extensible user interface protocol xup a soap based ui protocol websocket web services security ws security based products and services notes edit since version 1 2 of the specification it is no longer an acronym for simple object access protocol references edit hirsch frederick kemp john ilkka jani 2007 01 11 mobile web services architecture and implementation john wiley sons published 2007 p 27 isbn 9780470032596 retrieved 2014 09 15 simple object access protocol soap defines a messaging envelope structure designed to carry application payload in one portion of the envelope the message body and control information in another the message header web services addressing ws addressing www w3 org archived from the original on 2016 09 25 retrieved 2016 09 15 exclusive net developer s journal indigo interview with microsoft s don box dotnet sys con com archived from the original on 2019 01 06 retrieved 2012 10 04 xml cover pages on the history of soap coverpages org archived from the original on 2001 03 03 retrieved 2003 07 22 soap simple object access protocol ietf datatracker september 1999 archived from the original on 2021 02 25 retrieved 2015 09 20 don box on the history of soap xml com 2001 04 04 archived from the original on 2015 06 18 retrieved 2015 09 20 xml rpc for newbies 1998 07 14 archived from the original on october 12 1999 w3c note on simple object access protocol soap 1 1 w3c 2000 05 08 archived from the original on 2021 03 04 retrieved 2015 09 20 soap version 1 2 part 1 messaging framework second edition w3c april 27 2007 archived from the original on 2012 06 19 retrieved 2012 06 15 note in previous versions of this specification the soap name was an acronym this is no longer the case underneath section 1 introduction soap specifications w3c archived from the original on 2021 04 15 retrieved 2014 03 29 w3c xml protocol working group w3c archived from the original on 2018 12 25 retrieved 2014 03 29 soap version 1 2 part 1 messaging framework second edition www w3 org archived from the original on 2016 09 20 retrieved 2016 09 14 binding framework proposal www w3 org archived from the original on 2017 07 11 retrieved 2016 09 14 soap version 1 2 part 1 messaging framework second edition www w3 org archived from the original on 2016 09 20 retrieved 2016 09 14 1 2 3 4 soap version 1 2 part 1 messaging framework second edition www w3 org archived from the original on 2017 04 02 retrieved 2020 06 24 ibm datapower 306 ibm com 2011 11 30 archived from the...