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reception system high migratory pressure at the eu s external border to turkey and the western balkans threat of arms trafficking and criminal networks due to the war in ukraine human smuggling 16 june 2026 15 march 2027 denmark land and sea borders with germany russian sabotage operations in europe terrorism related threats related to the 2026 iran war 12 july 2026 11 november 2026 france land borders with belgium luxembourg germany switzerland italy and spain terrorism european migrant crisis 2022 invasion of ukraine increase in irregular entry flows at the external borders 1 may 2026 renewed continuously since 13 november 2015 192 193 30 april 2027 germany all internal borders terrorism european migrant crisis increase in irregular migration from turkey through the western balkans strain on the asylum reception system human smuggling 16 march 2026 renewed continuously since 16 september 2024 194 15 march 2027 italy land borders with slovenia gaza war european migrant crisis islamist terrorist threat security risks associated with the 2025 jubilee 19 june 2026 18 december 2026 air and sea borders with spain 2026 ceuta migrant crisis 1 august 2026 16 october 2026 norway ports with ferry connections to the schengen area 2022 invasion of ukraine threat to critical on shore and off shore infrastructures 12 may 2026 11 november 2026 poland land borders with germany and lithuania irregular migration and migrant smuggling 5 april 2026 30 march 2027 spain air and sea borders with italy 2026 ceuta migrant crisis 8 august 2026 22 october 2026 sweden all internal borders european migrant crisis islamist terrorist threat 12 may 2026 11 november 2026 external borders edit participating countries are required to apply strict checks on travellers entering and exiting the schengen area these checks are co ordinated by the european union s frontex agency and subject to common rules the details of border controls surveillance and the conditions under which permission to enter into the schengen area may be granted are exhaustively detailed in the schengen borders code 195 196 border checks edit the warsaw spire housing frontex s headquarters all persons crossing external borders inbound or outbound are subject to a check by a border guard the only exception is for regular cross border commuters both those with the right of free movement and third country nationals who are well known to the border guards once an initial check has shown that there is no alert on record relating to them in the schengen information system or national databases they can only be subject to occasional random checks rather than systematic checks every time they cross the border 197 198 199 previously eea and swiss citizens as well as their family members enjoying the right of free movement were subject only to a minimum check when crossing external borders this meant that their travel document was subject only to a rapid and straightforward visual inspection and an optional check against databases for lost stolen travel documents consultation of the schengen information system and other national databases to ensure that the traveller did not represent a security public policy or health threat was only permitted on a strictly non systematic basis where such a threat was genuine present and sufficiently serious 200 in contrast other travellers were subject to a thorough check 201 however after the november 2015 terrorist attacks in paris at a meeting of the council of the european union on 20 november 2015 interior ministers from the member states decided to implement immediately the necessary systematic and coordinated checks at external borders including on individuals enjoying the right of free movement 202 amendments were made to the schengen border code to introduce systematic checks of the travel documents of eea and swiss citizens as well as their family members enjoying the right of free movement against relevant databases when crossing external borders 203 the new regime came into force on 7 april 2017 where carrying out systematic checks against databases would have a disproportionate impact on the flow of traffic at an external border such checks may be relaxed if on the basis of a risk assessment it is determined that it would not lead to a security risk 203 196 how in exceptional and unforeseen circumstances where waiting times become excessive external border checks can be relaxed on a temporary basis 204 205 example needed border guards carry out the following procedures when checking travellers who cross external borders 203 196 list of checks performed at external borders procedure eu eea swiss citizens and family members with right of free movement third country nationals on entry on exit checking the traveller s identity based on their travel document yes yes yes checking that the travel document is valid and has not expired yes yes yes checking the travel document for signs of falsification or counterfeiting yes yes yes checking the travel document for signs of falsification or counterfeiting using technical devices e g uv light magnifiers optional optional optional checking the authenticity of the data stored on the rfid chip if the travel document is biometric optional optional optional checking the travel document against the list of stolen misappropriated lost and invalidated documents in the schengen information system interpol s sltd database and other national databases yes yes yes consulting the schengen information system and other national databases to ensure that the traveller does not represent a threat to public policy internal security public health or international relations of any schengen member state yes optional consultation of databases only where necessary yes registration in the ees passport scan and facial image capture upon first entry fingerprints taken as well for travellers aged 12 and over no yes yes recording the traveller s entry exit in a national database other than the ees optional optional optional checking that the traveller has the appropriate visa residence permit if required no yes optional checking the authenticity of the short stay visa if required and the identity of its holder by consulting the visa information system 206 no yes optional verifying the traveller s point of departure and destination no yes no verifying the traveller s purpose of stay no yes with some exceptions 207 no verifying any documents evidence to support the traveller s purported purpose of stay no optional with some exceptions 207 no verifying that the traveller has sufficient funds for their stay and onward return journey or that they are in a position to acquire such means lawfully no yes with some exceptions 207 no polish border guard officers stationed by the poland belarus border barrier a tall metal fence at the latvia russia border barrier at the external border between lithuania and belarus the frontex patrol cars are equipped with thermal cameras co sensors to detect hidden persons and heartbeat detectors for cargo inspections as shown by the table above because many procedures are optional border guards have discretion in deciding how rigorously they check travellers at external border crossing points as a result the length of time taken to perform checks differs between schengen countries under the previous regime whereby those with the right to freedom of movement were subject only to a minimum check an entry check for an eea or swiss citizen took around five seconds on average in italy whilst in norway on average it took around 1 minute 208 the disparities in checks on third country nationals who are subject to a more thorough check are even greater for example an entry check for an annex ii national takes around 15 seconds on average in greece whilst it takes three to five minutes on average in slovakia 209 210 similarly an entry check for an annex i national on average lasts around 30 60 seconds in the netherlands whilst in latvia it lasts around two to five minutes on average 209 mounted hungarian police officers patrolling the external border between hungary and serbia when carrying out checks at external borders border guards are by law required to respect the dignity of travellers particularly in cases involving vulnerable persons 211 and are forbidden from discriminating against persons based on their sex racial or ethnic origin religion or belief disability age or sexual orientation 212 ees self service kiosks and tablets located at the eurostar terminal in st pancras international are designed to capture biometric data specifically facial scans and fingerprints from non eu passengers external border controls are located at roads crossing a border at airports at seaports and on board trains 213 usually there is no fence along the land border but there are exceptions like the ceuta border fence and some places at the eastern border 214 however surveillance camera systems some equipped with infrared technology are located at some more critical spots for example at the border between slovakia and ukraine where at some points there is a camera every 186 m 203 yd 215 border checkpoint for vehicles operated by the finnish border guard in nuijamaa at the external border with russia the lane on the far right is for eu eea and swiss citizens only whereas the other lanes are for all travellers all travellers entering and leaving the schengen area by general aviation or on a pleasure boat have to make their first point of entry or final point of departure in an airport aerodrome or a seaport that is designated as an external border crossing point by way of derogation travellers on board a pleasure boat are permitted to make their first port of call at a port that is not designated as an external border crossing point if they notify the port authorities and obtain authorisation from the border guards 216 in practice however this is a loophole hard to check and large scale drug smuggling using private boats has been uncovered along the southern coast of the schengen countries in the mediterranean coast guards make a substantial effort to prevent private boats from entering without permission easypass self service gates which eligible travellers can use to clear border control at munich airport germany at many external border crossing points there are special lanes for eea and swiss citizens as well as their family members and other lanes for all travellers regardless of nationality 217 at some external border crossing points there is a third type of lane for travellers who are annex ii nationals i e non eea swiss citizens who are exempt from the visa requirement 218 although andorran and sammarinese citizens are not eea citizens they are nonetheless able to use the special lanes designated for eea and swiss citizens 219 since 1 january 2021 british citizens are no longer permitted to use the eea swiss lanes some external border crossing points can only be used by certain travellers for example the border checkpoint in veľké slemence slovakia on the border with ukraine can only be crossed by pedestrians or cyclists who are eea swiss or ukrainian citizens 220 the border checkpoint in ramoniškiai lithuania on the border with russia can only be crossed by residents of lithuania and russia all other travellers including eea and swiss citizens not resident in lithuania russia cannot use this border checkpoint 221 similarly the border checkpoint of pededze brunishevo latvia on the border with russia is only open to latvian and russian citizens 222 the narva 2 and saatse border crossing points in estonia on the border with russia can only be used by residents of estonia and russia 223 the border checkpoint in połowce pieszczatka poland on the border with belarus can only be crossed by polish and belarusian nationals 224 in 2016 as a temporary measure for 180 days the two northernmost border checkpoints of raja jooseppi and salla on the finland russia border could only be crossed by finnish russian and belarusian citizens as well as their family members all other nationals including non finnish eea and swiss citizens were not permitted to use these border checkpoints 225 further the border crossing points of haapovaara inari karttimo kurvinen leminaho and parikkala as well as the railway crossing point of imatra are only open to finnish and russian citizens 226 sometimes external border controls are located on non schengen territory for example the french border police operates border checks at juxtaposed controls on travellers departing the united kingdom for the schengen area before they board their train or ferry at st pancras international ebbsfleet international and ashford international railway stations as well as at the port of dover and the eurotunnel folkestone terminal 227 228 short stay and transit visas edit main article visa policy of the schengen area schengen area other eu members and territories of schengen countries outside the schengen area with freedom of movement in the schengen area visa not required for short stays in the schengen area visa required to enter the schengen area and to transit some schengen countries in some cases visa required to enter or transit any schengen country the rules applicable to short term entry visas into the schengen area are set out in eu regulations which contain two lists a list of the nationalities or classes of travel document holder which require a visa for a short term stay the annex i list and a list which do not the annex ii list 229 visitors from visa exempt countries will be required to submit their details for approval via the etias system being listed in the visa free list will sometimes but not always exempt the listed nationality or class from the requirement to obtain a work permit if they wish to take up employment or self employed activity during their stay business trips are not normally considered employment in this sense 230 an application for a schengen visa should be submitted to the embassy or consulate of the country which the traveller intends to visit if a traveller plans to visit multiple countries in the schengen area the application should be submitted to the embassy or consulate of the main destination if the main destination cannot be determined the traveller should apply for the visa at the embassy or consulate of the schengen member state of first entry 231 often external service providers are contracted by certain diplomatic missions to process collect and return visa applications 232 the standard application fee for a schengen visa is 90 there is a reduced visa application fee of 45 for children aged 6 to under 12 the visa application fee is waived for children under the age of 6 where an application is submitted to an external service provider an additional service fee may have to be paid the visa application fee and the additional service fee if applicable are not refundable regardless of the outcome of the application 233 entry cond...