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lors for the surname see scrimshaw surname this article includes a list of general references but lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations march 2025 learn how and when to remove this message american whaling ships scrimshaw on whale tooth c 1800 scrimshaw is scrollwork engravings and carvings done in bone or ivory typically it refers to the artwork created by whalers engraved on the byproducts of whales such as bones or cartilage it is most commonly made out of the bones and teeth of sperm whales the baleen of other whales and the tusks of walruses it takes the form of elaborate engravings in the form of pictures and lettering on the surface of the bone or tooth with the engraving highlighted using a pigment or less often small sculptures made from the same material however the latter typically fall into the categories of ivory carving for all carved teeth and tusks or bone carving the making of scrimshaw probably began on whaling ships in the late 18th century and survived until the ban on commercial whaling the practice survives as a hobby and as a trade for commercial artisans a maker of scrimshaw is known as a scrimshander 1 the word first appeared in the logbook of the brig by chance in 1826 2 but the etymology is uncertain 3 history and materials edit carved whale bone whistle dated 1821 8 centimetres 3 1 in long belonged to a peeler in the metropolitan police in london pair of walrus tusks depicting a sailor and a woman rhode island or connecticut circa 1900 closeup of a sailor closeup of a woman scrimshaw cribbage board museum of anthropology vancouver 2010 scrimshaw developed from the practice of sailors on whaling ships creating common tools where the byproducts of whales were readily available the term originally referred to the making of these tools only later referring to works of art created by whalers in their spare time whale bone was ideally suited for the task as it is easy to work and was plentiful the widespread carving of scrimshaw was enabled when the 1815 publication of the journal of u s navy captain david porter disclosed both the market and the source of the whale teeth causing a surplus of whale teeth that greatly diminished their value and made them available as a material for ordinary seamen 4 around this time is the earliest authenticated pictorial piece of sperm whale scrimshaw 1817 the tooth was inscribed this is the tooth of a sperm whale that was caught near the galápagos islands by the crew of the ship adam of london and made 100 barrels of oil in the year 1817 5 other sea animal ivories were used as alternatives to the rarer whale teeth walrus tusks for example may have been acquired in trade from indigenous walrus hunters scrimshaw was a leisure activity for creative whalers life aboard a whaling ship often included long stretches of time between whale sightings which gave those onboard a great deal of free time for creative pursuits early scrimshaw was done with sailing needles or other sharp implements and the movement of the ship as well as the skill of the artist produced drawings of varying levels of detail and artistry typically readily available pigments onboard a whaleship like candle black soot or tobacco juice were used to bring the etched design into view ink while used in some cases was a more expensive and rarer option for this purpose many surviving examples of scrimshaw are unsigned and a great many of the pieces are anonymous today s artists use finer tools in various sizes mostly borrowed from the dental industry some scrimshanders ink their work with more than one color and restrained polychrome examples of this art are now popular originating in an era when sperm whales were plentiful only to be hunted to near collapse scrimshaw is no longer an artform utilizing an easily renewable animal resource but one that is susceptible to contraband the endangered species act and international conventions restricted the harvest and sale of ivory in an effort to bolster populations of ivory bearing animals though there are sources of ivory that are sanctioned and legal poachers in africa and other continents where elephants are an endangered species still kill for their ivory elephant ivory has been regulated since 1976 by the convention on international trade in endangered species and selling african ivory has been prohibited since 1989 19th and 20th century scrimshaw crafted before 1989 elephant or before 1973 sperm whale ivory walrus ivory etc is legal it is prohibited after those years for commercial import in the u s under the marine mammal protection act walrus tusks bearing the alaska state walrus ivory registration tag and post law walrus ivory that has been carved or scrimshawed by an indigenous alaskan is legal ancient ivory such as 10 000 to 40 000 year old mammoth or fossilized walrus ivory is unrestricted in its sale or possession under federal law scrimshanders and collectors acquire legal whale teeth and marine tusks through estate sales auctions and antique dealers to avoid illegal ivory collectors and artists check provenance and deal only with established and reputable dealers scrimshaw that is found to have been illegally sourced may be seized by customs officials worldwide dramatically loses value and is very hard to re sell as the limited channels through which collectible scrimshaw passes serve as a check on unscrupulous persons as with any other fine art form it is possible for experienced museums auction houses or other experts to detect a fake scrimshaw can also be practical tools that are hand carved by the scrimshander they carved useful tools such as the jagging wheel which is a multi purpose tool used to pierce and trim a pie crust corset busks were carved from bone or ivory care and preservation edit ivory is a fragile medium many 19th century pieces were preserved because they were kept in a barrel of oil on board ship gary kiracofe a scrimshander in nantucket massachusetts advises collectors that if a piece looks dry one should fill the center of the tooth with unscented baby oil and allow it to remain until as much oil as possible is soaked into the microscopic pores of the ivory citation needed clear paste wax or high end car wax will seal the surface after oiling bone items are even more fragile more fibrous and porous and may be treated the same way with a light clear mineral oil organic oils are inadvisable as they will eventually hasten discoloration as on old piano keys subjected to the natural oils in one s hands professional conservators of art and historic artifacts generally recommend against applying any type of dressing like oil or wax to organic objects such as whale ivory sensible choices regarding storage and display preserve whale ivory best keep out of direct sunlight handle with cotton gloves or freshly washed hands and avoid keeping in places with shifting humidity and temperature coating organic objects can induce eventual cracking design edit whale teeth and bones were a highly variable medium used to produce both practical pieces such as hand tools toys and kitchen utensils and highly decorative pieces which were purely ornamental the designs on the pieces varied greatly as well though they often had whaling scenes on them for example herman melville in moby dick refers to lively sketches of whales and whaling scenes graven by the fishermen themselves on sperm whale teeth or ladies busks wrought out of the right whale bone and other skrimshander articles 6 most engravings were adapted from books and papers citation needed collections edit a significant amount of the original scrimshaw created by whalers is currently held by museums citation needed museums with significant collections include the hull maritime museum in kingston upon hull england the kendall whaling museum which is part of the new bedford whaling museum in new bedford massachusetts the mystic seaport museum in mystic connecticut the scott polar research institute in cambridge england 7 the museu de scrimshaw at the peter café sport de es pt sv in horta on the island of faial in the azores the nantucket whaling museum the mariners museum in newport news virginia other images of scrimshaw can be found at museum of new zealand te papa tongarewa ripley s museum niagara falls scrimshaw piano key art ripley s museum baltimore scrimshaw piano key art davinci exhibit world travelling exhibit scrimshaw piano key art detail on a piece in the smithsonian museum collection sperm whale jawbone and teeth in the collection of the scrimshaw museum in horta azores detail on a piece in the horta scrimshaw museum scrimshaw cribbage board at the mariners museum small collection of scrimshaw smithsonian scrimshaw collection modern scrimshaw edit while scrimshaw artists rarely use whale bone anymore it is still employed by a few common modern materials are micarta ivory elephant fossil walrus hippo tusk warthog ivory buffalo horn giraffe bone mother of pearl and camel bone modern scrimshaw typically retains the nautical themes of historical scrimshaw but can also extend well beyond the traditional motifs contemporary trade and carving techniques have led to more advanced but fewer unique scrimshaw carvings collectors are advised to be aware of fakes 8 see also edit chip work glassware engraved in a similar manner bone carving references edit scrimshander merriam webster com 2015 archived from the original on 30 september 2007 retrieved 26 august 2015 logbook of the brig by chance held at the new bedford whaling museum call number kwm 35a reel 3 morris evan 19 april 2010 scrimshaw a long time to be gone the word detective retrieved 26 august 2015 and see stephen goranson s 2009 post to the american dialect society scrimshaw proposed etymology wertkin gerard c 2004 encyclopedia of american folk art routledge p 530 isbn 978 1 135 95615 8 perrin william f wursig bernd thewissen j g m hans eds 2009 encyclopedia of marine mammals academic press p 995 isbn 978 0 08 091993 5 melville herman 57 of whales in paint in teeth in wood in sheet iron in stone in mountains in stars moby dick or the whale retrieved 26 august 2015 via american literature classic books and short stories scrimshaw collection at the scott polar research institute university of cambridge retrieved 26 august 2015 ronald c reece phd ron s ivory coast full citation needed further reading edit halat eva 2006 contemporary scrimshaw translated by robert dohrenwend ludwigshafen verlag angelika hörnig isbn 3 9808743 8 9 holland batt sarah january 2025 art idleness and leviathans alfred evans scrimshaw powerhouse museum retrieved 16 january 2025 stevens jim 2008 scrimshaw techniques schiffer publishing isbn 978 0 7643 2831 2 2008 advanced scrimshaw techniques schiffer publishing isbn 978 0 7643 3017 9 2010 powder horns fabrication decoration schiffer publishing isbn 978 0 7643 3489 4 external links edit media related to scrimshaw at wikimedia commons the dictionary definition of scrimshaw at wiktionary nantucket historical association artifacts online database whaling depicted in scrimshaw and the art in ship logbooks v t e whaling history of whaling by country argentina australia western australia basque country brazil canada pacific northwest chile faroe islands germany greenland iceland japan madagascar netherlands new zealand norway philippines russia scotland seychelles south africa united kingdom united states harpoons explosive harpoon jarmann harpoon rifle one flue harpoon toggling harpoon two flue harpoon hunting type aboriginal whaling dolphin drive hunting drift whale sperm whaling subsistence hunting of the bowhead whale implements whaling ship whaleboat grindaknívur harpoon cannon head spade paledang try pot try works products ambergris ambrein baleen blubber cetyl alcohol muktuk scrimshaw spermaceti sperm oil tabua whale feces meat oil regulations blue whale unit international whaling commission international convention for the regulation of whaling institute of cetacean research whale conservation sanctuaries australian whale sanctuary uruguayan whale and dolphin sanctuary ligurian sea cetacean sanctuary indian ocean whale sanctuary south pacific whale sanctuary southern ocean whale sanctuary v t e decorative arts and handicraft textile banner making crocheting cross stitch embroidery felting friendship bracelet knitting lace making lucet macrame millinery needlepoint needlework patchwork quilting ribbon embroidery carpet rug hooking rug making sewing shoemaking spinning string art tapestry tatting tie dye weaving paper altered book bookbinding calligraphy cardmaking cast paper collage decoupage papier collé photomontage decal iris folding kamikiri origami kirigami moneygami embossing marbling papercraft papercutting chinese jewish slavic papermaking paper toys papier mâché pop up book quilling scrapbooking stamping wallpaper wood bentwood cabinetry carpentry chip carving ébéniste fretwork intarsia marquetry wood burning wood carving woodturning ceramic azulejo bone china earthenware porcelain pottery stoneware terracotta tile glass cameo glass chip work enamelled glass glass etching glassware mirror stained glass metal andiron bronze and brass chemical milling damascening enamel engraving etching goldsmith ironwork jewellery silversmith other assemblage balloon modelling beadwork bone carving box concrete dala horse doll making dollhouse egg decorating engraved gems faux painting featherwork kāhili folding grotesque gargoyle hardstone carving inro laminate lath art lapidary leatherworking miniatures mosaic glass micromosaic macaroni art netsuke ornament pargeting pietra dura private press oshibana pressed flower craft scrimshaw straw marquetry taxidermy vase wall decal regional or historical mexico painting in hälsingland kashmir qing russia victorian retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title scrimshaw oldid 1373028805 categories carving engraving ivory works of art whale products visual arts media maritime history maritime culture bone carvings hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata use dmy dates from january 2025 use list defined references from january 2025 articles lacking in text citations from march 2025 all articles lacking in text citations all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from august 2010 articles with unsourced statements from august 2015 pages calling interlanguage link with many languages all articles with incomplete citations articles with incomplete citations from january 2025 commons category link from wikidata this page was last edited on 3 september 2026 at 16 30 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is 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