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orcys were the parents of scylla 14 likewise semos of delos 15 says that crataeis was the daughter of hecate and triton and mother of scylla by deimos stesichorus alone names lamia as the mother of scylla possibly the lamia who was the daughter of poseidon 16 while according to hyginus scylla was the offspring of typhon and echidna 17 narratives edit the rock of scilla calabria which is said to be the home of scylla according to john tzetzes 18 and servius commentary on the aeneid 19 scylla was a beautiful naiad who was claimed by poseidon but the jealous nereid amphitrite turned her into a terrible monster by poisoning the water of the spring where scylla would bathe a similar story is found in hyginus 20 according to whom scylla was loved by glaucus but glaucus himself was also loved by the goddess sorceress circe while scylla was bathing in the sea the jealous circe poured a baleful potion into the sea water which caused scylla to transform into a frightful monster with six dog forms springing from her thighs in this form she attacked odysseus ship robbing him of his companions in a late greek myth recorded in eustathius commentary on homer and john tzetzes 21 heracles encountered scylla during a journey to sicily and slew her her father the sea god phorcys then applied flaming torches to her body and restored her to life homer s odyssey edit scylla figurine late 4th bce national archaeological museum athens in homer s odyssey xii odysseus is advised by circe to sail closer to scylla something he never told the rest of his crew for charybdis could drown his whole ship hug scylla s crag sail on past her top speed better by far to lose six men and keep your ship than lose your entire crew 22 she also tells odysseus to ask scylla s mother the river nymph crataeis to prevent scylla from pouncing more than once odysseus successfully navigates the strait but when he and his crew are momentarily distracted by charybdis scylla snatches six sailors off the deck and devours them alive they writhed gasping as scylla swung them up her cliff and there at her cavern s mouth she bolted them down raw screaming out flinging their arms toward me lost in that mortal struggle 23 ovid s metamorphoses edit glaucus and scylla by bartholomeus spranger c 1581 according to ovid 24 the fisherman turned sea god glaucus falls in love with the beautiful scylla but she is repulsed by his piscine form and flees to a promontory where he cannot follow when glaucus goes to circe to request a love potion that will win scylla s affections the enchantress herself becomes enamored with him meeting with no success circe becomes hatefully jealous of her rival and therefore prepares a vial of poison and pours it into the sea pool where scylla regularly bathed transforming her into a thing of terror even to herself in vain she offers from herself to run and drags about her what she strives to shun 25 gaius julius hyginus recounts the same version of the story in his fabulae 26 the story was later adapted into a five act tragic opera scylla et glaucus 1746 by the french composer jean marie leclair keats endymion edit in john keats loose retelling of ovid s version of the myth of scylla and glaucus in book 3 of endymion 1818 the evil circe does not transform scylla into a monster but merely murders the beautiful nymph glaucus then takes her corpse to a crystal palace at the bottom of the ocean where lie the bodies of all lovers who have died at sea after a thousand years she is resurrected by endymion and reunited with glaucus 27 palaephatus and heraclitus paradoxographus edit palaephatus who sought to rationalize greek mythology argues that the myth of scylla originates from a misinterpretation of historical events according to his account scylla was not originally a monstrous being described in myth as a woman to the navel with the lower body of a serpent but a swift tyrrhenian trireme the vessel bore the name scylla as inscribed on its prow at the time tyrrhenian ships were engaged in plundering the coasts of sicily and the ionian gulf owing to its speed and effectiveness this ship frequently coordinated or assembled other vessels and consequently became widely known 28 in one incident odysseus is said to have escaped pursuit by this ship by exploiting a favorable wind he later recounted the episode in corcyra to alcinous describing both the vessel and the pursuit through repeated retellings these maritime events were gradually transformed ultimately giving rise to the mythological figure of scylla as a monstrous creature 28 heraclitus paradoxographus who also attempted to rationalize the myths writes that scylla was said to devour sailors who passed by her but in reality she was a beautiful courtesan living on an island she surrounded herself with greedy followers who behaved like dogs and helped her exploit and destroy her visitors including some of the companions of odysseus however she was unable to deceive odysseus himself because he was always cautious and clever 29 procopius edit the byzantine author procopius writes that scylaeum was said by poets to be where scylla once lived not because there really existed there a woman in the form of a beast but rather because a certain fish formerly called scylax and later renamed cyniscus has been found in great abundance in this part of the strait from ancient times even down to his time he then explains that names in the beginning are always appropriate to the things they describe but rumour carrying these names to other peoples produces false opinions through ignorance of the facts as time goes on this process becomes a builder of stories and joins with poets as witnesses of things that never happened because of the licence of their art he then gives examples of other similar stories from other places such as those about dog headed and wolf headed people 30 john tzetzes edit tzetzes offers a thorough rationalization of the myths of scylla 31 in his commentary on lycophron s alexandra is interpreting its supernatural elements as descriptions of a real geographical danger rather than a monstrous creature scylla is identified with a rocky promontory near rhegium in the strait of messina beneath this cape lay caves and jagged rocks inhabited by sea creatures ships caught in the powerful currents associated with charybdis were driven against these rocks and the sailors who perished were said in mythic language to have been devoured by scylla 31 he similarly reinterprets heracles encounter with scylla while transporting the cattle of geryon through the strait heracles allegedly lost some of his herd in this dangerous area being exceptionally wise and resourceful he is said to have employed certain devices to clear manage or mitigate the hazard this practical achievement was later transformed into the mythological claim that heracles killed scylla 31 the subsequent revival of scylla by her father phorcys is also explained naturalistically phorcys as a sea deity represents the sea itself which originally created the danger and continually sustains it the burning and revival of scylla signify the cyclical action of natural forces over time through the movements of the sea and the influence of the sun symbolized by the torch the effects of heracles intervention were undone the sea re established the hazard in its former state causing scylla to come back to life 31 he also describes scylla in his chiliades as a terrible and frightening place located in sicily formed of promontories reefs and rocks with sea creatures growing around these rocky formations in great numbers 32 paintings edit j m w turner s painting of scylla fleeing inland from the advances of glaucus 1841 at the carolingian abbey of corvey in westphalia a unique ninth century wall painting depicts among other things odysseus fight with scylla b this illustration is not noted elsewhere in medieval arts 33 in the renaissance and after it was the story of glaucus and scylla that caught the imagination of painters across europe in agostino carracci s 1597 fresco cycle of the loves of the gods in the farnese gallery the two are shown embracing a conjunction that is not sanctioned by the myth c more orthodox versions show the maiden scrambling away from the amorous arms of the god as in the oil on copper painting by filippo lauri d and the oil on canvas by salvator rosa in the musée des beaux arts de caen e other painters picture them divided by their respective elements of land and water as in the paintings of the flemish bartholomäus spranger 1587 now in the kunsthistorisches museum vienna f some add the detail of cupid aiming at the sea god with his bow as in the painting of laurent de la hyre 1640 4 in the j paul getty museum g and that of jacques dumont le romain 1726 at the musée des beaux arts de troyes 35 two cupids can also be seen fluttering around the fleeing scylla in the late painting of the scene by j m w turner 1841 now in the kimbell art museum h peter paul rubens shows the moment when the horrified scylla first begins to change under the gaze of glaucus c 1636 36 while eglon van der neer s 1695 painting in the rijksmuseum shows circe poisoning the water as scylla prepares to bathe i there are also two pre raphaelite treatments of the latter scene by john melhuish strudwick 1886 37 and john william waterhouse circe invidiosa 1892 38 explanatory notes edit the middle english scylle ˈ s ɪ l iː reflecting ancient greek σκύλλη is obsolete via wikimedia at wikimedia magnoliabox archived 22 march 2014 at the wayback machine view on the reproarte site a preliminary drawing in mfa boston is dated 1661 available in at wikimedia view on the museum website 34 there is a more conventional print from around 1810 15 in the tate gallery view on flickr citations edit ogden 2013 p 132 ogden 2013 pp 130 131 virgil 2007 aeneid translated by ahl frederick oxford university press pp 67 isbn 978 0 19 283206 1 suda sigma 709 urdang laurence 1988 the whole ball of wax and other colloquial phrases what they mean and how they started internet archive new york perigee books p 22 isbn 978 0 399 51436 4 charles earle funk liitt d 1948 a hog on ice and other curious expressions internet archive harper row p 50 for discussions of the parentage of scylla see fowler p 32 ogden pp 134 135 gantz pp 731 732 and frazer s note 3 to apollodorus e 7 20 homer odyssey 12 124 125 ovid metamorphoses 13 749 apollodorus e7 20 servius on virgil aeneid 3 420 scholia on plato republic 9 588c ogden p 135 gantz p 731 frazer s note 3 to apollodorus e 7 20 fowler p 32 eustathius ad odyssey p 1714 hesiod fr 200 most fr 262 mw most pp 310 311 acusilaus fr 42 fowler fowler p 32 apollonius of rhodes argonautica 4 828 829 pp 350 351 fgrhist 396 f 22 stesichorus f220 pmg campbell pp 132 133 hyginus fabulae preface 151 tzetzes on lycophron 45 servius on aeneid iii 420 hyginus fabulae 199 tzetzes on lycophron 45 robert fagles the odyssey 1996 xii 119ff fagles 1996 xii 275 79 ovid metamorphoses xiii 732ff 905 xiv 40ff translation by nicholas rowe and samuel garth is in googlebooks ovid metamorphoses xiv 51 2 hyginus fabulae 199 endymion book iii line 401ff via project gutenberg 1 2 palaephatus on unbelievable things 20 heracleitus on unbelievable tales 2 procopius history of the wars 7 27 1 this article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain 1 2 3 4 tzetzes ad lycophronem 46 10 61 10 61 john tzetzes chiliades how plato measured the sicilian charybdis three times story 361 unesco corvey abbey and castle glaucus and scylla view on flickr musée bonat available in at wikimedia view on wikimedia available on the website devoted to the artist general and cited references edit apollodorus apollodorus the library with an english translation by sir james george frazer f b a f r s in 2 volumes cambridge ma harvard university press london william heinemann ltd 1921 online version at the perseus digital library apollonius rhodius 1912 the argonautica translated by robert cooper seaton trans 1912 ed w heinemann via internet archive campbell david a greek lyric iii stesichorus ibycus simonides and others harvard university press 1991 isbn 978 0674995253 fowler r l early greek mythography volume 2 commentary oxford university press 2013 isbn 978 0198147411 gantz timothy early greek myth a guide to literary and artistic sources johns hopkins university press 1996 two volumes isbn 978 0 8018 5360 9 vol 1 isbn 978 0 8018 5362 3 vol 2 hanfmann george m a the scylla of corvey and her ancestors dumbarton oaks papers 41 studies on art and archeology in honor of ernst kitzinger on his seventy fifth birthday 1987 pp 249 260 hyginus gaius julius fabulae in the myths of hyginus edited and translated by mary a grant lawrence university of kansas press 1960 online version at topostext most g w hesiod the shield catalogue of women other fragments loeb classical library no 503 cambridge massachusetts harvard university press 2007 2018 isbn 978 0 674 99721 9 online version at harvard university press ogden daniel 2013 drakon dragon myth and serpent cult in the greek and roman worlds oxford university press isbn 9780199557325 stesichorus in greek lyric volume iii stesichorus ibycus simonides and others edited and translated by david a campbell loeb classical library 476 cambridge ma harvard university press 1991 tzetzes john lycophronis alexandra vol ii scholia continens edited by eduard scheer berlin weidmann 1881 internet archive virgil aeneid translated by frederick ahl oxford university press 2007 external links edit look up scylla in wiktionary the free dictionary wikimedia commons has media related to scylla skylla theoi project references in classical literature and ancient art images of scylla on classical artefacts archive org link archived from the original on 28 september 2011 chisholm hugh ed 1911 scylla and charybdis encyclopædia britannica vol 24 11th ed cambridge university press p 519 v t e metamorphoses in greek mythology animals avian acanthis acanthus aëdon aegolius aegypius aëtos aesacus agrius and oreius agron alcander alcyone alcyone and ceyx alcyonides alectryon anthus antigone argus arne sithonis artemiche ascalaphus asteria autonous botres bulis byssa caeneus celeus cerberus chelidon cinyras clinis combe corone ctesylla cycnus i cycnus ii cycnus iii cycnus iv daedalion diomedes s companions abas acmon idas lycus nycteus rhexenor erinoma erodius eumelus gerana harmothoë harpalyce harpasus harpe hierax hippodamia hyperippe hyria ictinus ino itys iynx laius lelante lycius megaletor meleagrids memnonides meropis merops minyades munichus neophron nisus nyctaea nyctimene oenoe oenotropae ortygius pandareus pelia perdix periphas peristera picus pierides phene philaeus philomela pleiades polyphonte polytechnus procne schoeneus scylla tereus timandra non avian abas actaeon arachne arcas arge aristaeus ascalabus atalanta cadmus calchus callisto cephissus cerambus cercopes chelone curetes ...