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sea krait wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 description 2 distribution 3 diet 4 behavior 5 breeding 6 species and taxonomy 7 parasites 8 references 9 further reading 10 external links toggle the table of contents sea krait 33 languages مصرى bikol central беларуская български cebuano deutsch español eesti euskara فارسی suomi français galego עברית bahasa indonesia italiano 日本語 ქართული latina മലയാളം bahasa melayu မြန်မာဘာသာ nederlands polski română русский svenska ไทย türkçe українська tiếng việt winaray 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikispecies wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia genus of snakes sea krait laticauda colubrina scientific classification kingdom animalia phylum chordata class reptilia order squamata suborder serpentes family elapidae subfamily laticaudinae cope 1876 genus laticauda laurenti 1768 type species laticauda laticaudata linnaeus 1758 species eight see text sea kraits are a genus of venomous snakes belonging to the genus laticauda and the subfamily laticaudinae they are semiaquatic and retain the wide ventral scales typical of terrestrial snakes for moving on land but also have paddle shaped tails for swimming 1 unlike fully aquatic ovoviviparous sea snakes sea kraits are oviparous and must come to land to digest prey and lay eggs 2 they also have independent evolutionary origins into aquatic habitats with sea kraits diverging earlier from other australasian elapids 3 4 thus sea kraits and sea snakes are an example of convergent evolution into aquatic habitats within the hydrophiinae snakes sea kraits are also often confused with land kraits genus bungarus which are not aquatic description edit sea kraits are semiaquatic and possess morphological adaptations to both land and sea laticauda species show traits intermediate between those of sea snakes and terrestrial elapids they have a vertically flattened and paddle shaped tail similar to sea snakes laterally positioned nostrils and broad laterally expanded ventral scales similar to terrestrial elapids 1 5 6 their body has a striped pattern nasal scales separated by inter nasals scales and a maxillary bone that extends forwards beyond the palatine bone 2 members of laticauda can grow to 1 5 m 4 9 ft long 7 distribution edit colubrine sea krait laticauda colubrina on samal island in davao philippines laticauda species are found throughout the south and southeast asian islands spreading from india in the west north as far as japan and southeast to fiji they occasionally wander south to the eastern coast of australia and new zealand laticauda colubrina being the most common example in new zealand however no locally breeding populations are known to exist in these areas 8 sea kraits typically live in the littoral zone of coastal waters and are semi terrestrial spending time ashore and in shallow waters as well as around coral reefs 8 9 diet edit laticauda species feed in the ocean mostly eating moray and conger eels and some squid crabs and fish they have never been observed feeding on land behavior edit laticauda species are often active at night which is when they prefer to hunt though they possess highly toxic venom these snakes are usually shy and reclusive and in new caledonia where they are called tricot rayé striped sweater children play with them bites are rare but must be treated immediately bites are more likely to occur under low light conditions night and when the snake is roughly handled e g grabbed hard while in the water or having been abruptly taken from the water when these snakes are on land bites are extremely rare 10 black banded sea kraits numbering in the hundreds form hunting alliances with yellow goatfish and bluefin trevally flushing potential prey from narrow crannies in a reef the same way some moray eels do 11 12 sea kraits are capable of diving up to 80 m deep in a single hunting trip 13 they also have a very large hunting range with at least 615 and perhaps up to 1660 km 2 surface area for the blue lipped sea krait 1380 and potentially up to 4500 km 2 for the new caledonian sea krait 14 they have a remarkable ability to climb up vertical rocks of their coastal limestone habitats 1 breeding edit laticauda females are oviparous and they return to land to mate and lay eggs 8 several males form a mating ball around the female twitching their bodies in what is termed caudocephalic waves though these animals can occur in high densities in suitable locations nests of eggs are very rarely encountered suggesting specific nesting conditions need to be met species and taxonomy edit eight species are currently recognised as being valid 15 16 laticauda colubrina schneider 1799 yellow lipped sea krait laticauda crockeri slevin 1934 crocker s sea snake laticauda frontalis de vis 1905 laticauda guineai heatwole busack cogger 2005 guinea s sea krait 17 laticauda laticaudata linnaeus 1758 blue lipped sea krait laticauda saintgironsi cogger heatwole 2006 new caledonian sea krait laticauda schistorhyncha günther 1874 katuali or niue sea krait laticauda semifasciata reinwardt in schlegel 1837 black banded sea krait the species l schistorhyncha and l semifasciata have been placed in the genus pseudolaticauda by some authors 18 nota bene a binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than laticauda parasites edit sea snakes can have parasitic ticks occasionally with heavy infestations 19 references edit 1 2 3 wilson stephen k swan gerry 2013 a complete guide to reptiles of australia chatswood new south wales new holland publishers p 564 1 2 cogger hal 2000 reptiles and amphibians of australia sydney nsw reed new holland p 722 pyron r alexander burbrink frank t colli guarino r de oca adrian nieto montes vitt laurie j kuczynski caitlin a wiens john j 2011 02 01 the phylogeny of advanced snakes colubroidea with discovery of a new subfamily and comparison of support methods for likelihood trees molecular phylogenetics and evolution 58 2 329 342 doi 10 1016 j ympev 2010 11 006 issn 1095 9513 pmid 21074626 keogh j scott 1998 02 01 molecular phylogeny of elapid snakes and a consideration of their biogeographic history biological journal of the linnean society 63 2 177 203 doi 10 1006 bijl 1997 0178 shine r shetty s 2001 03 01 moving in two worlds aquatic and terrestrial locomotion in sea snakes laticauda colubrina laticaudidae journal of evolutionary biology 14 2 338 346 doi 10 1046 j 1420 9101 2001 00265 x issn 1420 9101 s2cid 82676695 brischoux françois kato akiko ropert coudert yan shine richard 2010 10 30 swimming speed variation in amphibious seasnakes laticaudinae a search for underlying mechanisms journal of experimental marine biology and ecology 394 1 2 116 122 doi 10 1016 j jembe 2010 08 001 shine richard shetty sohan 2002 activity patterns of yellow lipped sea kraits laticauda colubrina on a fijian island copeia 2002 1 77 85 1 2 3 gill brian james b j whitaker anthony hume 2014 records of sea kraits serpentes laticaudidae laticauda in new zealand papahou records of the auckland museum 49 39 42 jstor 43264621 wikidata q58629017 wilson don e burnie david eds 2005 2001 animal london new york dorling kindersley isbn 978 0 7894 7764 4 la lettre de la délégation n 202 notes du centre d études biologiques de chizé upr1934 cnrs cnrs dr15 in french 202 2016 03 29 archived from the original on 2017 03 23 retrieved 2017 03 23 black banded sea krait photo laticauda semifasciata g78940 archived from the original on 2012 10 08 retrieved 2011 07 30 bbc earth programmes planet earth archived from the original on 2012 03 11 retrieved 2015 08 18 motani ryosuke 19 may 2009 the evolution of marine reptiles pdf evo edu outreach 2 2 224 235 doi 10 1007 s12052 009 0139 y brischoux françois bonnet xavier shine richard 2007 11 22 foraging ecology of sea kraits laticauda spp in the neo caledonian lagoon marine ecology progress series 350 145 151 doi 10 3354 meps07133 issn 0171 8630 heatwole h busack s cogger h 2005 geographic variation in sea kraits of the laticauda colubrina complex serpentes elapidae hydrophiinae laticaudini herpetological monographs 19 1 136 cogger hg heatwole hf 2006 laticauda frontalis de vis 1905 and laticauda saintgironsi n sp from vanuato and new caledonia serpentes elapidae laticaudinae a new lineage of sea kraits records of the australian museum 58 245 256 beolens bo watkins michael grayson michael 2011 the eponym dictionary of reptiles baltimore johns hopkins university press xiii 296 pp isbn 978 1 4214 0135 5 laticauda guineai p 112 kharin ve czeblukov vp 2006 a new revision of the sea kraits of family laticaudidae cope 1879 serpentes colubroidea russian journal of herpetology 13 227 241 sea snake parasites 1 tropical research and conservation centre 8 march 2011 archived from the original on 2 april 2012 retrieved 9 october 2017 further reading edit laurenti jn 1768 specimen medicum exhibens synopsin reptilium emendatam cum experimentis circa venena et antidota reptilium austriacorum vienna joan thom nob de trattnern 214 pp plates i v laticauda new genus p 109 in latin external links edit sea krait slithering on coastal rocks https www youtube com watch v kae69alivr4 taxon identifiers laticauda wikidata q210597 wikispecies laticauda adw laticauda afd laticauda col 5bbv gbif old 2450145 inaturalist 35236 itis 174349 ncbi 8627 nzor 9dae3265 f09f 47ba b9e2 1e422c1e8f8d open tree of life 109057 worms 343612 laticaudinae wikidata q11753180 wikispecies laticaudinae inaturalist 492347 itis 1057567 ncbi 42169 open tree of life 937565 worms 413302 retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title sea_krait oldid 1358090215 categories laticauda sea snakes snake genera taxa named by josephus nicolaus laurenti hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles with species microformats cs1 french language sources fr taxonbars with multiple manual wikidata items this page was last edited on 6 june 2026 at 14 01 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents sea krait 33 languages add topic