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seleucid era wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 versions 2 later usage 3 references toggle references subsection 3 1 bibliography toggle the table of contents seleucid era 28 languages العربية مصرى беларуская বাংলা català čeština deutsch español فارسی suomi français עברית հայերեն bahasa indonesia italiano македонски plattdüütsch nederlands polski português română русский srpskohrvatski српскохрватски simple english svenska ไทย українська 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia calendar era used during hellenistic period today at utc 00 monday 5 october 2026 babylonian 22 ululu 2337 se other calendars akan kurudwo armenian 17 sahmi 1476 aztec izcalli 3 9 cōzcacuāuhtli balinese pawukon menga pasah laba keliwon paniron coma of wayang brahma dangu suka bengali 20 ashshin bs 1433 chinese yang water rat net mansion fire horse year month 8 day 25 qiufen 3 days until hanlu common era 5 october 2026 ce coptic 25 thout am 1743 egyptian 22 mechir 2775 ne ethiopian 25 maskaram 2019 amätä məhrät french republican décade ii tridi de vendémiaire de l année 235 de la république gregorian 5 october ad 2026 hebrew 24 tishrei am 5787 hindu puṣya śiva solar 19 āśvina 1948 se lunisolar daśamī kṛishna pakṣa of bhādrapada 2083 ve rāudra 5127 ky 1 872 853 icelandic mánudagur 12 haustmánuður 2026 islamic 22 rabi al thani ah 1448 using tabular method iso week date 2026 w41 1 japanese 25 hazuki reiwa 8 shūbun 3 days until kanro julian 22 september ad 2026 am 7534 julian day 2461319 korean 25 dakdal 4359 de maya 13 0 13 17 16 9 yax 9 cib roman ante diem x kalendas octobres mmdcclxxix auc solar hijri 13 mehr sh 1405 tibetan 25 khrums me pho rta 2153 or 1772 or 1000 refresh the seleucid era se or anno graecorum literally year of the greeks or greek year sometimes denoted ag was a system of numbering years in use by the seleucid empire and other countries among the ancient hellenistic civilizations and later by the parthians it is sometimes referred to as the dominion of the seleucidæ or the year of alexander the era dates from seleucus i nicator s reconquest of babylon in 312 11 bc after his exile in ptolemaic egypt 1 considered by seleucus and his court to mark the founding of the seleucid empire according to jewish tradition it was during the sixth year of alexander the great s reign lege possibly alexander the great s infant son alexander iv of macedon that they began to make use of this counting 2 versions edit two different variations of the seleucid years existed one where the year started in spring and another where it starts in autumn the natives of the empire used the babylonian calendar in which the new year falls on 1 nisanu 3 april in 311 bc so in this system year 1 of the seleucid era corresponds roughly to april 311 bc to march 310 bc this included the inhabitants of coele syria notably the jews who call it the era of contracts hebrew מניין שטרות romanized minyān shəṭarōṯ the macedonian court adopted the babylonian calendar substituting the macedonian month names but reckoned the new year to be in the autumn the exact date is unknown in this system year 1 of the seleucid era corresponds to the period from autumn 312 bc to summer 311 bc by the 7th century ad 10th ag the west syrian christians settled on 1 october to 30 september 3 jews however reckon the start of each new seleucid year with the lunar month tishri 4 these differences in the beginning of the year mean that dates differ by one if they fall between spring and autumn notably the jewish historical book 1 maccabees generally uses the babylonian and judean year count 1 maccabees 6 20 1 maccabees 7 1 9 3 10 1 etc 5 however the book 2 maccabees exclusively uses the macedonian version of the calendar likely because it was written in either cyprus or egypt 6 elias bickerman gives this example for instance the restoration of the temple of jerusalem by judas maccabaeus approximately 15 december 164 bc fell in the year 148 of the seleucid era according to jewish and babylonian calculation but in the year 149 for the court 7 later usage edit anno graecorum an example from china the syriac text at the bottom of the xi an stele mentions that the stele was erected in the year of the greeks 1092 781 ad at the imperial capital city of chang an modern day xi an 8 9 10 the seleucid era was used as late as the sixth century ce for instance in the zabad inscription in syria dated the 24th of gorpiaios 823 24 september 512 ad 11 and in the writings of john of ephesus 12 syriac chroniclers continued to use it up to michael the syrian in the 12th century ad 15th century ag 3 it has been found on central asian tombstones of christians belonging to the church of the east well into the 14th century ad 13 the seleucid era counting or era of contracts minyān shəṭarōṯ was used by yemenite jews in their legal deeds and contracts until modern times 14 a practice derived from an ancient jewish teaching in the talmud requiring all diaspora jews to uphold its practice 15 the seleucid era counting is mentioned in the book of maccabees i macc i 11 and in the writings of the historian josephus the seleucid era counting fell into disuse among most jewish communities following rabbi david ben zimra s cancellation of the practice when he served as chief rabbi of egypt 16 references edit denis c feeney caesar s calendar university of california press berkeley 2007 p 139 babylonian talmud avodah zarah 10a rabbeinu hananel s commentary rashi s commentary on babylonian talmud avodah zarah 9a sefer hakabbalah of rabbi avraham ben david ravad midrash david on mishnah tractate avot ethics of the fathers 1 6 1 2 andrew palmer 1993 the seventh century liverpool university press pp xxxiv xxxvii lii lviii emil schürer geschichte des jüdischen volkes im zeitalter jesu christi vol 1 leipzig 1886 1890 4th edition 1901 1909 pp 36 46 mishnah rosh hashanah 1 1 schürer emil 1890 a history of the jewish people in the time of jesus christ t t clark pp 36 44 bar kochva bezalel 1989 judas maccabaeus the jewish struggle against the seleucids cambridge university press p 543 isbn 0521323525 bickerman elias j 1943 notes on seleucid and parthian chronology berytus 8 73 84 tang li winkler dietmar w 2013 from the oxus river to the chinese shores studies on east syriac christianity in china and central asia lit verlag münster p 131 isbn 978 3 643 90329 7 holm frits vilhelm 1909 translation of the nestorian inscription the nestorian monument an ancient record of christianity in china the open court publishing co in the year of the greeks one thousand and ninety two the lord jazedbuzid priest and vicar episcopal of cumdan the royal city son of the enlightened mailas priest of balach a city of turkestan set up this tablet whereon is inscribed the dispensation of our redeemer and the preaching of the apostolic missionaries to the king of china the priest lingpau in chinese adam the deacon son of jazedbuzid vicar episcopal the lord sergius priest and vicar episcopal sabar jesus priest gabriel priest archdeacon and ecclesiarch of cumdan and sarag wilmshurst david a monument to the spread of the syrian brilliant teaching in china pdf p 9 m a kugener nouvelle note sur l inscription trilingue de zébed rivista degli studi orientali 1907 pp 577 586 peter charanis on the question of the hellenization of sicily and southern italy during the middle ages american historical review 52 1 1946 p 82 syriac gravestones from central asia archived from the original on 2001 04 08 retrieved 2012 01 19 sar shalom rahamim 1984 she harim la luah ha ivry gates to the hebrew calendar in hebrew tel aviv p 164 seleucid era counting oclc 854906532 cite book cs1 maint location missing publisher link babylonian talmud avodah zarah 10a which reads said rav nahman in the diaspora it is not permissible to count the date in years except only by the kings of the grecians chaim yosef david azulai shem ha gedolim ma arekhet gedolim ed yitzhak isaac ben yaaqov the letters daleth vienna 1864 s v מהר ר דוד ן זמרא p 19 section 16 ז hebrew bibliography edit robert harry van gent the babylonian calendar has a date converter based on parker dubberstein 1971 kosmin paul j 2018 time and its adversaries in the seleucid empire harvard university press isbn 9780674976931 kosmin paul j 7 may 2019 a revolution in time aeon retrieved 12 january 2020 once local and irregular time keeping became universal and linear in 311 bce history would never be the same again strootman rolf 2015 seleucid era encyclopaedia iranica leiden brill retrieved 14 may 2021 v t e calendars systems lunar lunisolar solar in wide use bengali buddhist chinese ethiopian gregorian hebrew hindu islamic śaka solar hijri in limited use akan armenian assamese assyrian baháʼí bali pawukon saka bangladeshi berber borana burmese germanic heathen georgian hmong igbo iranian jalali zoroastrian irish islamic fasli tabular jain japanese javanese korean kurdish lithuanian maithili malayalam mandaean manipuri meitei melanau minguo mizo lushai mongolian nepali nepal sambat yele sambat nanakshahi nisg̱a a odia punjabi romanian shona somali sesotho slavic slavic native faith macedonian sundanese tamil thai lunar solar tibetan tripuri tulu vietnamese vikram samvat wicca xhosa yoruba zulu types runic mesoamerican long count calendar round christian variants coptic ethiopian and eritrean julian revised liturgical year eastern orthodox saints historical arabian attic aztec tōnalpōhualli xiuhpōhualli babylonian bulgar byzantine cappadocian celtic cham culāsakaraj coligny egyptian enoch florentine french republican germanic greek inca juche macedonian maya haabʼ tzolkʼin muisca pentecontad pisan qumran rapa nui roman rumi sexagenary soviet swedish turkmen by specialty astronomical darian martian dreamspell new age fiscal holocene anthropological iso week proleptic gregorian proleptic julian historiographical pataphysical unix time reform proposals hanke henry permanent international fixed pax positivist symmetry454 world displays and applications electronic perpetual wall year naming and numbering terminology era epoch leap year new year regnal name regnal year year zero systems ab urbe condita anka year anno domini common era anno lucis anno martyrum anno mundi assyrian before present chinese imperial discordian english and british regnal year hijri year japanese korean nirayana system samvatsara seleucid sexagenary spanish yugas satya treta dvapara kali vietnamese fictional discworld discworld greyhawk dungeons dragons middle earth the lord of the rings stardate star trek list of calendars category v t e chronology key topics archaeology astronomy geology history big history paleontology time periods eras epochs calendar eras human era ab urbe condita anno domini common era anno mundi bosporan era bostran era byzantine era seleucid era era of caesar iberia before present hijri egyptian sothic cycle hindu units of time yuga jain units of time avasarpiṇī mesoamerican long count short count tzolkʼin haabʼ regnal year anka year canon of kings english and british regnal year lists of kings limmu era names chinese japanese korean vietnamese calendars pre julian julian pre julian roman original julian proleptic julian revised julian gregorian gregorian proleptic gregorian old style and new style dates adoption of the gregorian calendar dual dating astronomical lunisolar hebrew hindu solar lunar islamic astronomical year numbering others chinese sexagenary cycle geologic calendar iranian iso week date mesoamerican maya aztec winter count new earth time astronomic time cosmic calendar ephemeris galactic year metonic cycle milankovitch cycles geologic time concepts deep time geological history of earth geological time units standards global standard stratigraphic age gssa global boundary stratotype section and point gssp methods chronostratigraphy geochronology isotope geochemistry law of superposition luminescence dating samarium neodymium dating chronological dating absolute dating amino acid racemisation archaeomagnetic dating dendrochronology ice core incremental dating lichenometry paleomagnetism radiometric dating lead lead potassium argon radiocarbon uranium lead tephrochronology luminescence dating thermoluminescence dating relative dating fluorine absorption nitrogen dating obsidian hydration seriation stratigraphy genetic methods molecular clock linguistic methods glottochronology related topics chronicle new chronology synchronoptic view timeline year zero floruit terminus post quem aspro chronology category commons retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title seleucid_era oldid 1370334045 categories calendar eras seleucid empire hebrew calendar persian culture 310s bc establishments 311 bc seleucus i nicator hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles containing latin language text articles containing hebrew language text pages using multiple image with auto scaled images cs1 maint location missing publisher cs1 hebrew language sources he this page was last edited on 20 august 2026 at 14 42 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you 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