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shrubland wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 botanical structural form 2 biome plant group 3 see also 4 notes and references 5 external links toggle the table of contents shrubland 31 languages العربية asturianu تۆرکجه čeština esperanto español euskara فارسی suomi français gaeilge galego עברית हिन्दी bahasa indonesia ქართული 한국어 latviešu nederlands norsk nynorsk norsk bokmål polski português runa simi русский simple english svenska தமிழ் українська اردو 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia vegetation dominated by shrubs scrublands redirects here for the novel see scrublands novel for the tv series see scrublands tv series volcanic scrub on mauga mu samoa low shrubland in hawaii scrub vegetation with cactus in webb county in south texas mediterranean shrubland in sardinia italy shrubland scrubland scrub brush or bush is a plant community characterized by vegetation dominated by shrubs often also including grasses herbs and geophytes shrubland may either occur naturally or be the result of human activity but in the latter case the terms shrubbery or bushes are more commonly used it may be the mature vegetation type in a particular region and remain stable over time or it may be a transitional community that occurs temporarily as the result of a disturbance such as fire a stable state may be maintained by regular natural disturbance such as fire or browsing shrubland may be unsuitable for human habitation because of the danger of fire the term was coined in 1903 1 shrubland species generally show a wide range of adaptations to fire such as heavy seed production lignotubers and fire induced germination 2 botanical structural form edit in botany and ecology a shrub is defined as a much branched woody plant less than 8 m high usually with many stems tall shrubs are mostly 2 8 m high small shrubs 1 2 m high and subshrubs less than 1 m high 3 a descriptive system widely adopted in australia to describe different types of vegetation is based on structural characteristics and plant life form as well as the height and foliage cover of the tallest stratum or dominant species 4 shrubland in prince edward county ontario for shrubs that are 2 8 metres 6 6 26 2 ft high the following structural forms are categorized dense foliage cover 70 100 closed shrubs mid dense foliage cover 30 70 open shrubs sparse foliage cover 10 30 tall shrubland very sparse foliage cover 10 tall open shrubland for shrubs less than 2 metres 6 6 ft high the following structural forms are categorized dense foliage cover 70 100 closed heath or closed low shrubland north america mid dense foliage cover 30 70 open heath or mid dense low shrubland north america sparse foliage cover 10 30 low shrubland very sparse foliage cover 10 low open shrubland biome plant group edit mixed chaparral habitat in the santa monica mountains national recreation area fynbos in south africa similarly shrubland is a category that is used to describe a type of biome plant group in this context shrublands are dense thickets of evergreen sclerophyll shrubs and small trees 5 called chaparral in california matorral in chile mexico and spain maquis in france and elsewhere around the mediterranean macchia in italy fynbos in south africa eastern suburbs banksia scrub in sydney kwongan in southwest australia cedar scrub in texas hill country caatinga in northeastern brazil in some places shrubland is the mature vegetation type in other places it is the result of degradation of former forest or woodland by logging or overgrazing or disturbance by major fires citation needed a number of world wildlife fund biomes are characterized as shrublands including the following 6 7 desert scrublands the nullarbor plain in australia xeric or desert scrublands occur in the world s deserts and xeric shrublands ecoregions or in fast draining sandy soils in more humid regions these scrublands are characterized by plants with adaptations to the dry climate which include small leaves to limit water loss thorns to protect them from grazing animals succulent leaves or stems storage organs to store water and long taproots to reach groundwater 6 mediterranean scrublands mediterranean scrublands occur naturally in the mediterranean scrub biome located in the five mediterranean climate regions of the world scrublands are most common near the seacoast and have often adapted to the wind and salt air of the ocean low soft leaved scrublands around the mediterranean basin are known as garrigue in france phrygana in greece tomillares in spain and batha in israel northern coastal scrub and coastal sage scrub occur along the california coast strandveld in the western cape of south africa coastal matorral in central chile and sand heath and kwongan in southwest australia 7 interior scrublands interior scrublands occur naturally in semi arid areas with nutrient poor soils such as on the matas of portugal which are underlain by cambrian and silurian schists florida scrub is another example of interior scrublands dwarf shrubs moorland on kilimanjaro some vegetation types are formed of dwarf shrubs low growing or creeping shrubs they include the maquis and the garrigues of mediterranean climates and the acid loving dwarf shrubs of heathland and moorland see also edit woody plant shrub prostrate shrub semi desert shrub steppe shrub swamp notes and references edit merriam webster s collegiate dictionary 11th edition 2003 mares michael s ed 1999 fire encyclopedia of deserts university of oklahoma press p 215 isbn 978 0 8061 3146 7 flora of new south wales vol 4 ed gwen j harden royal botanic gardens sydney isbn 0 86840 188 9 costermans l f 1993 native trees and shrubs of south eastern australia rev ed isbn 0 947116 76 1 woodward susan mediterranean shrublands geography 235 radford university retrieved 7 october 2010 1 2 deserts and xeric shrublands world wildlife fund archived from the original on 2 january 2011 retrieved 7 october 2010 1 2 mediterranean forests woodlands and scrub world wildlife fund archived from the original on 11 january 2017 retrieved 7 october 2010 external links edit media related to shrublands at wikimedia commons v t e phytogeography vegetation classification physiognomy forests tropical seasonal tropical woodlands arboretum shrublands heath scrubs thickets fruticetum dwarf shrubland subshrublands dwarf scrubs suffruticetum herbaceous communities grasslands steppes prairies velds herbetum savannas parklands scarcely vegetated areas desert vegetation desert barren vegetation latitude tropical subtropical temperate subpolar polar climatic regime pluvial rainy ombrophilous cloudy seasonal drought altitude montane polonyna tundra submontane lowland coastal leaves loss of leaves deciduous caducifolious semi deciduous semicaducifolious evergreen perennifolious leaf hardness sclerophyll stiff leaves orthophyll hyptiophyll leaves leaf form aciculifolious needle leaved latifolious broad leaved substrate aquatic riparian mangrove swampy terrestrial alpine arctic see also biogeographic realms biomes floristic kingdoms plant habits plant life forms vegetation retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title shrubland oldid 1376934696 category shrublands hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata use dmy dates from july 2024 all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from june 2011 commons category link from wikidata this page was last edited on 27 september 2026 at 01 49 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents shrubland 31 languages add topic