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n this ritual the devotee performs atmanivedan self dedication offering their body mind and wealth tan man dhan to krishna this is believed to remove the soul s fundamental ignorance and defects 6 a distinction in this theology was clarified following the maharaj libel case 1862 the dedication is directed solely to the personal god vallabhacharya s descendants are regarded as a gurudwaar the gateway or instrument of the original teacher not as the absolute itself 7 in the early 20th century figures such as mulchand teliwala and ranchhoddas patwari led a scholarly revival they published critical editions of the original sanskrit commentaries this work according to the tradition aimed to preserve the philosophy from versions presented during the colonial era that were considered distorted or misinterpreted 8 this scholarship contributed to the status of shuddhadvaita as a vedantic system of sakara brahmavada the doctrine of brahman with form 9 later scholarly work expanded the shuddhadvaita philosophy purusottama 1668 1781 vallabhacharya s seventh descendant wrote commentaries on the anubhashya known as prakasha the subodhini and the vidvan mandana his adopted son gopesvara 1780 1830 further wrote a commentary on the prakasha called rashmi 2 10 central topics edit in the ancient vedic tradition of knowledge and comprehension of reality the central theme is considered to be experiencing the supreme entity or brahman the vedas primarily contain references to the non dual advaita nature of brahman however depending on how a scholar perceives those verses they might see duality a dvaita aspect as well this ambiguity has led to several philosophical traditions in the indian history such as citation needed advaita vāda of adi shankaracharya vishistadvaita vāda of ramanujacharya dvaita vāda or bhedavāda of madhvacharya dvaitadvaita vāda of nimbarkacharya shuddhadvaita vāda of vallabhacharya achintya bheda abheda vāda of chaitanya mahaprabhu vallabhacharya edit main article vallabhacharya vallabhacharya was a devotional philosopher who founded the pushti sect in india he earned the title of acharya by traveling and debating advaita scholars from a young age in 1493 94 vallabhacharya is said to have identified an image of krishna at the govardhan hill at braj this image now called shrinathji and located at nathdwara rajasthan is central to the worship of vallabha followers 11 initiating mantra edit according to the vallabha tradition one night in 1494 vallabhacharya received the brahmasambandha mantra the mantra that binds one with brahman or krishna from krishna himself hence the name mukhāvatāra at gokula the eight syllable mantra śri kṛṣṇaḥ śaraṇaṃ mama lord krishna is my refuge is passed on to new initiates in the vallabha sampradaya it is believed that the divine name has the power to cleanse the recipient of all impurities of the soul doṣas 12 11 philosophy edit part of a series on vaishnavism supreme deity vishnu krishna rama important deities dashavatara matsya kurma varaha narasimha vamana parasurama rama balarama krishna buddha kalki other forms dhanvantari guruvayurappan hayagriva jagannath mohini nara narayana prithu shrinathji venkateswara vithoba ranganatha consorts lakshmi bhumi sita radha rukmini satyabhama alamelu related garuda hanuman shesha shasta holy scriptures vedas upanishads brahma sutras vaikhanasa pancharatra bhagavad gita mahabharata ramayana harivamsa divya prabandha gita govinda puranas vishnu bhagavata naradiya garuda padma agni sampradayas sri vishishtadvaita akshar purushottam darshan rudra śuddhādvaita kumara dvaitadvaita brahma tattvavada or dvaita acintyabhedabheda others ekasarana dharma mahanubhava pranami radha vallabha ramsnehi sant mat vaishnava sahajiya warkari teachers acharyas chaitanya chakradhara dadu dayal harivansh jayatirtha jiva goswami jñāneśvara kabir madhavdev madhvacharya manavala mamunigal namadeva nammalvar nathamuni nimbarka srinivasacharya padmanabha tirtha pillai lokacharya purandara dasa raghuttama tirtha raghavendra tirtha ram charan ramananda ramanuja ravidas satyanatha tirtha satyabhinava tirtha satyabodha tirtha satyadharma tirtha satyadhyana tirtha samarth ramdas sankardev swaminarayan sripadaraja tukaram tulsidas vallabha vedanta desika vidyapati vishnuswami viṭṭhalanātha vyasatirtha vadiraja tirtha yamunacharya sri kantha krishnamacharyulu annamacharya bhadrachala ramadasu related traditions bhagavatism vaikhanasas pancharatra tenkalai vadakalai munitraya krishnaism jagannathism haridasa sahajiya baul pushtimarg gaudiya iskcon ramanandi kapadi balmiki kabir panth dadu panth mahanam v t e metaphysics edit vallabha s school of in essence monism or purified non dualism sees equality in essence of the individual self with god there is no real difference between the two like the analogy of sparks to fire however unlike shankara s advaita vallabha does not deny god as the whole and the individual as the part according to vallabha the individual soul is not the supreme satcitananda clouded by the force of avidya but is itself brahman with one attribute ananda rendered imperceptible the soul is both a doer and enjoyer it is atomic in size but pervades the whole body through its essence of intelligence just as sandalwood makes its presence felt through its scent even if it cannot be seen citation needed unlike in advaita the world of maya is not regarded as unreal since maya is nothing else than a power of ishvara ishvara is not only the creator of the universe but is the universe itself in support of this vallabha cites chandogya upanishad sections 6 1 6 4 that brahman desired to become many and became the multitude of individual souls and the world although brahman is considered unknowable he is known when he manifests himself through the world citation needed as is customary in vaishnavism bhakti is the means of salvation though jnana knowledge is also useful karmas understood as daily and occasional ritual acts precede knowledge of the supreme and are present even when this knowledge is gained the liberated perform all karmas the highest goal is not mukti or liberation but rather the eternal service of krishna and participation along with his activities in his divine abode of vrindavana vallabha distinguishes the transcendent consciousness of brahman as purushottama vallabha lays a great stress on a life of unqualified love and devotion towards god devotees are to serve god without any personal motives 13 philosophical traditions commonly describe how the supreme entity brahman is related to humanity and the world in shuddhadvaita otherwise known as brahmavaad the one secondless ultimate reality is the only category every other thing has proceeded from it at the time of creation is non different from it during creation and merges into it at the time of dissolution the two other well known categories namely the animate souls and the inanimate objects are respectively its parts and modifications the animate souls are its parts because they retain to some extent the essential qualities thereof namely consciousness and joy the inanimate objects are its modification because the above said qualities are absent therein 14 moksha liberation edit in shuddhadvaita philosophy the concept of moksha liberation is categorized based on a hierarchy of bliss and the qualification of the soul in advaita vedanta liberation is described as the merging into the impersonal absolute brahmanand citation needed shuddhadvaita texts however describe this as trivial tuccha compared to bhagavat prapti attaining the personal lord 15 in the kali yuga it is believed that the forms of bhakti mentioned in the scriptures are nearly impossible to practice so the followers of vallabhacharya recommend pushti bhakti which is the end itself and not a means to an end giving moksha joy and oneness with shree krishna pushti bhakti asserts that oneness with shree krishna can be achieved merely by having true belief and love for shree krsna and recitation of the brahmasambandha mantra 16 vallabhacharya established that liberation is only possible due to god s grace 17 everything is krishna s leela edit according to the version of vaishnava theology that vallabhacharya espoused krishna in his satcitananda form is the absolute svayam bhagavan he is believed to be permanently playing out his sport lila from his seat in the goloka which is even beyond the divine vaikuntha the abode of vishnu satya loka the abode of brahma the creator and kailas the abode of shiva creation is his sport 18 bhakti edit a devotee is said to not be obsessed with liberation but focused on offering service to krishna and radha it is that bhakti which gives itself up body heart and soul to the cause of god it is considered to be the fullest expression of what is known as atma nivedana giving up of oneself among the nine forms of bhakti navadha bhakti it is the bhakti of the devotee who worships god not for any reward or presents but for his own sake such a devotee goes to goloka after leaving this body and lives in eternal bliss enjoying the sports of the lord the classical example of this complete self effacement is that of the cow herdesses towards krishna they spoke no word except prayer and they moved no step except towards krishna their supreme most meditation was on the lotus feet of krishna thus it is by god s grace alone that one can obtain release from bondage and attain krishna s heaven goloka 19 ashta chhaap edit in v s 1602 1545 ce vallabhacharya s son vitthalnath also known as gusainji established the eight fold system of singing the name and glory of shrinathji kirtana 20 he entrusted this responsibility to eight poet disciples of vallabhacharya and his own they are called the ashta chhaap or eight seals after the eight divine services to shrinathji from morning until he is put to sleep 21 22 foremost among them was surdas the blind poet of agra 23 these are surdas krishna das paramanand das kumbhan das chaturbhuj das nand das chhitswami and govind das the first four poets and singers were vallabhacharya s disciples while the other four were gusainji s citation needed shuddhadwait martand edit shuddhadwait is defined more thoroughly in verse 27 28 from shuddhadwait martand शुद्धाद्वैतापदे ज्ञेय समास कर्मधारय i अद्वैतं शुद्धयो प्राहुः षष्ठी तत्पुरुषं बुधा ii मायासंबंधरहितमं शुद्धमित्युच्यते बुधै i कार्यकरणरूपमं हि शुद्धं ब्रह्म न मायिकम़् ii 24 it is karmdharay samaas shuddham ch tat adwaitam the pure and its non dualism or it is the shashti tatpurush samaas shuddhyoh adwaitam the non dual is pure in this system the combination of maya with brahm is done away with therefore the cause of this world is not brahm covered by maya but the pure brahm and only pure brahm is the effect and cause of this world 25 the shuddhadvaita philosophy has also been explained by various scholars of the sect such as devarshi ramanath shastri who has enunciated the tenets of this philosophy in his books shuddhadvait siddhantasaar hindi and gujarati and shuddhadvaita darshan 26 27 traditions following suddhadvaita edit vallabhacharya founded the krishna centered pushti marga sect of vaishnavism in the braj vraj region of india 28 in modern times followers of shuddadvaita are concentrated in the states of rajasthan and gujarat 12 references edit martin nancy m north indian hindi devotional literature in flood 2003 pp 182 198 1 2 3 long jeffery d sherma rita jain pankaj khanna madhu 2021 hinduism and tribal religions springer pp 1552 1555 isbn 978 94 024 1187 4 goswami sharad goswami maitri patel dhawal sharma utkarsh 2021 doctrines of pushtibhaktimārg allegations conspiracy and facts shree vallabhacharya trust pp 129 168 178 goswami sharad goswami maitri patel dhawal sharma utkarsh 2021 doctrines of pushtibhaktimārg allegations conspiracy and facts shree vallabhacharya trust pp 34 38 86 473 sharma vijay prakash 1 january 1998 the sadhus and indian civilization anmol publications pvt limited isbn 978 81 261 0108 5 goswami sharad goswami maitri patel dhawal sharma utkarsh 2021 doctrines of pushtibhaktimārg allegations conspiracy and facts shree vallabhacharya trust pp 60 337 367 478 700 goswami sharad goswami maitri patel dhawal sharma utkarsh 2021 doctrines of pushtibhaktimārg allegations conspiracy and facts shree vallabhacharya trust pp 385 635 691 goswami sharad goswami maitri patel dhawal utkarsh 2021 doctrines of pushtibhaktimārg allegations conspiracy and facts shree vallabhacharya trust pp 586 591 684 685 goswami sharad goswami maitri patel dhawal sharma utkarsh 2021 doctrines of pushtibhaktimārg allegations conspiracy and facts shree vallabhacharya trust pp 23 430 580 581 586 591 sharma chandradhar 2000 a critical survey of indian philosophy motilal banarsidass publishing house pp 365 366 isbn 978 81 208 0365 7 1 2 colas gerard history of vaiṣṇava traditions in flood 2003 pp 229 270 1 2 beck 1993 pp 194 195 saha shandip 2013 kṛṣṇa devotion in western india in kumar p pratap ed contemporary hinduism religions in focus acumen publishing p 140 isbn 978 1 84465 689 9 retrieved 4 september 2024 phd thesis the system of shuddhadwait vedant of vallabhacharya archived 4 april 2016 at the wayback machine by goswami raghunathji goswami sharad goswami maitri patel dhawal sharma utkarsh 2021 doctrines of pushtibhaktimārg allegations conspiracy and facts shree vallabhacharya trust pp 600 601 606 607 611 brahmsambandh vaishnav parivar of connecticut retrieved 25 february 2026 it illustrates oneness with shree krishna can be achieved merely by having true belief and love for shree krsna and recitation of the brahmasambandha mantra smith frederick august 2005 the hierarchy of philosophical systems according to vallabhācārya journal of indian philosophy 33 4 421 453 doi 10 1007 s10781 004 6928 2 brahma vaivarta purana brahma khanda kanchi kamakoti peetham retrieved 25 february 2026 some fifty crore yojanas underneath golaka was vaikuntha to the right side and shivaloka to the left the path of grace hinduism today november 1997 अष्टछाप कवि भारतकोश retrieved 11 march 2026 गोस्वामी बिट्ठलनाथ ने सं 1602 के लगभग अपने पिता वल्लभ के 84 शिष्यों में से चार और अपने 252 शिष्यों में से चार को लेकर अष्टछाप के प्रसिद्ध भक्त कवियों की मंडली की स्थापना की keay frank ernest 1920 a history of hindi literature association press p 86 vallabhacharya and his son vitthalnath each had four disciples all of whom were hindi poets they are known as the ashta chhap or the eight seals aṣṭachāp encyclopædia britannica retrieved 11 march 2026 poems written by the aṣṭachāp form the core group of hymns sung to krishna in vallabhite temples sūrdās encyclopædia britannica retrieved 11 march 2026 the greatest of the group was sūrdās who is remembered as a blind singer and whose descriptions of the exploits of the child god krishna are particularly well known shuddhadwait martand verse 27 28 anubhashya on brahmsutras 2005 introduction pp iv shuddhadvait darshan vol 2 pub mota mandir bhoiwad...