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gation nasser s image of the united states was such that he might well have believed the worst anwar sadat implied that nasser used this deliberate conspiracy in order to accuse the united states as a political cover up for domestic consumption 217 lutfi abd al qadir the director of radio cairo during the late 1960s who accompanied nasser to his visits in moscow theorized that both the soviets and the western powers wanted to topple nasser or to reduce his influence 218 uss liberty incident main article uss liberty incident on 8 june 1967 israeli jets and torpedo boats attacked the uss liberty a united states navy electronic intelligence vessel sailing 13 nautical miles 24 km off arish just outside egypt s territorial waters nearly sinking the ship killing 34 sailors and wounding 171 israel said it had misidentified the ship as the egyptian vessel el quseir apologized for the mistake and paid compensation to the victims or their families and to the us for damage to the ship after an investigation the us accepted israel s explanation and the issue was closed by the exchange of diplomatic notes in 1987 others including united states secretary of state dean rusk and chief of naval operations admiral thomas moorer some survivors of the attack and intelligence officials familiar with transcripts of intercepted signals on the day have rejected these conclusions as unsatisfactory and maintain that the attack was made in the knowledge that the ship was american 219 220 221 aftermath israel and the territories israel occupied in the six day war the six day war s political importance was immense israel demonstrated again that it was able and willing to initiate strategic strikes that could change the regional balance egypt and syria learned tactical lessons and launched an attack in 1973 in an attempt to reclaim their lost territories 222 223 after following other arab nations in declaring war mauritania remained in a declared state of war with israel until about 1999 224 the us imposed an embargo on new arms agreements to all middle east countries including israel that remained in force until the end of 1967 despite urgent israeli requests to lift it 225 exodus of arabs from israeli occupied territories main article naksa populations in the occupied territories were extensively displaced of about one million palestinians in the west bank and gaza 280 000 to 325 000 were displaced from their homes 51 most of them settled in jordan 226 the other 700 000 227 remained in the golan heights over 100 000 fled 52 israel allowed only the inhabitants of east jerusalem and the golan heights to receive full israeli citizenship applying its law administration and jurisdiction to these territories in 1967 and 1981 respectively the vast majority of the populations in both territories declined to take citizenship in his 1999 book righteous victims israeli new historian benny morris writes in three villages southwest of jerusalem and at qalqilya houses were destroyed not in battle but as punishment and in order to chase away the inhabitants contrary to government policy dayan wrote in his memoirs in qalqilya about a third of the homes were razed and about 12 000 inhabitants were evicted though many then camped out in the environs the evictees in both areas were allowed to stay and later were given cement and tools by the israeli authorities to rebuild at least some of their dwellings but many thousands of other palestinians now took to the roads perhaps as many as seventy thousand mostly from the jericho area fled during the fighting tens of thousands more left over the following months altogether about one quarter of the population of the west bank about 200 250 000 people went into exile they simply walked to the jordan river crossings and made their way on foot to the east bank it is unclear how many were intimidated or forced out by the israeli troops and how many left voluntarily in panic and fear there is some evidence of idf soldiers going around with loudspeakers ordering west bankers to leave their homes and cross the jordan some left because they had relatives or sources of livelihood on the east bank and feared being permanently cut off thousands of arabs were taken by bus from east jerusalem to the allenby bridge though there is no evidence of coercion the free israeli organized transportation which began on june 11 1967 went on for about a month at the bridge they had to sign a document stating that they were leaving of their own free will perhaps as many as 70 000 people emigrated from the gaza strip to egypt and elsewhere in the arab world on july 2 the israeli government announced that it would allow the return of those 1967 refugees who desired to do so but no later than august 10 later extended to september 13 the jordanian authorities probably pressured many of the refugees who constituted an enormous burden to sign up to return in practice only 14 000 of the 120 000 who applied were allowed by israel back into the west bank by the beginning of september after that only a trickle of special cases were allowed back perhaps 3 000 in all 328 29 in addition between 80 000 and 110 000 syrians fled the golan heights 228 of whom about 20 000 were from the city of quneitra 229 according to research by haaretz a total of 130 000 syrian inhabitants fled or were expelled from the territory most of them pushed out by the israeli army 230 palestine refugees flee across the allenby bridge palestine refugees flee across the allenby bridge syrian civilians with their hands raised being expelled from the golan heights by israeli soldiers israel and zionism after the war israel experienced a wave of national euphoria and the press praised the military s performance for weeks new victory coins were minted to celebrate the world s interest in israel grew and its economy which had been in crisis before the war flourished due to an influx of tourists and donations as well as the extraction of oil from the sinai s wells 231 the aftermath of the war also saw a baby boom that lasted four years 232 the war s aftermath also had religious significance under jordanian rule jews were expelled from jerusalem and effectively barred from visiting the western wall despite article viii of the 1949 armistice agreement which required making arrangements for israeli jewish access to it 233 jewish holy sites were not maintained and jewish cemeteries had been desecrated after the annexation to israel each religious group was granted administration over its holy sites for the first time since 1948 jews could visit the old city of jerusalem and pray at the western wall the holiest site where jews are permitted to pray an event celebrated every year on yom yerushalayim 234 the temple mount home to the al aqsa compound is the holiest site in jewish tradition but has been under sole administration of the jordanian muslim waqf and jews are barred from praying there though they are allowed to visit 235 236 in hebron jews gained access to the cave of the patriarchs the second holiest site in judaism for the first time since the 14th century previously jews were allowed to pray only at the entrance 237 238 other jewish holy sites such as rachel s tomb in bethlehem and joseph s tomb in nablus also became accessible 239 the war inspired the jewish diaspora which was swept up in overwhelming support for israel according to michael oren the war enabled american jews to walk with their backs straight and flex their political muscle as never before american jewish organizations which had previously kept israel at arm s length suddenly proclaimed their zionism 240 thousands of jewish immigrants arrived from western countries such as the united states united kingdom canada france and south africa after the war many of them returned to their countries of origin after a few years one survey found that 58 of american jews who immigrated to israel between 1961 and 1972 returned to the united states nevertheless immigration to israel of jews from western countries which was previously only a trickle was a significant force for the first time 241 242 most notably the war stirred zionist passions among jews in the soviet union who by that time had been forcibly assimilated many soviet jews applied for exit visas and began protesting for their right to immigrate to israel after diplomatic pressure from the west the soviet government began granting jews exit visas in growing numbers from 1970 to 1988 some 291 000 soviet jews were granted exit visas of whom 165 000 immigrated to israel and 126 000 to the united states 243 the great rise in jewish pride in the wake of israel s victory also fueled the beginnings of the baal teshuva movement the return of secular jews to religious judaism 244 245 246 the war gave impetus to a campaign in which the leader of the hasidic lubavitch movement directed his male followers around the world to wear tefillin small leather boxes during morning prayers 247 248 jews in arab countries main article jewish exodus from arab and muslim countries in the arab nations populations of minority jews faced persecution and expulsion following the israeli victory contributing to the jewish exodus from arab lands which had been ongoing since 1948 as a result jewish populations in arab countries further diminished as many jews emigrated to israel and other western countries according to historian and ambassador michael oren 249 mobs attacked jewish neighborhoods in egypt yemen lebanon tunisia and morocco burning synagogues and assaulting residents a pogrom in tripoli libya left 18 jews dead and 25 injured the survivors were herded into detention centers of egypt s 4 000 jews 800 were arrested including the chief rabbis of both cairo and alexandria and their property sequestered by the government the ancient communities of damascus and baghdad were placed under house arrest their leaders imprisoned and fined a total of 7 000 jews were expelled many with merely a satchel antisemitism in communist countries after the war a series of antisemitic purges began in communist countries 250 251 some 11 200 jews from poland immigrated to israel during the 1968 polish political crisis and in 1969 252 war of attrition after the war egypt initiated clashes along the suez canal in what became known as the war of attrition 253 palestinian terrorism as a result of israel s victory palestinian leadership concluded that the arab world could not defeat israel in open warfare which in turn led to an increase in terrorist attacks with an international reach 254 255 256 257 the palestine liberation organization plo had been established in 1964 and became more active after the six day war its actions gave credibility to those who claimed that only terror could end israel s existence 258 the popular front for the liberation of palestine also emerged after the war with its leader george habash speaking of turning the occupied territories into an inferno whose fires consume the usurpers 254 these events led to a series of hijackings bombings and kidnappings that culminated in the massacre of israeli athletes during the 1972 munich olympics 254 peace and diplomacy some of the attending heads of state at the arab league summit in khartoum following the six day war from left to right faisal of saudi arabia gamal abdel nasser of egypt abdullah al sallal of yemen sabah al salim al sabah of kuwait and abd al rahman arif of iraq 2 september 1967 after the war israel made an offer for peace that included the return of most of the recently captured territories according to chaim herzog on june 19 1967 the national unity government of israel voted unanimously to return the sinai to egypt and the golan heights to syria in return for peace agreements the golan would have to be demilitarized and special arrangement would be negotiated for the straits of tiran the government also resolved to open negotiations with king hussein of jordan regarding the eastern border 259 the 19 june israeli cabinet decision did not include the gaza strip and left open the possibility of israel permanently acquiring parts of the west bank on 25 27 june israel incorporated east jerusalem together with areas of the west bank to the north and south into jerusalem s new municipal boundaries the israeli decision was to be conveyed to the arab nations by the united states the u s was informed of the decision but not that it was to transmit it there is no evidence of receipt from egypt or syria and some historians claim that they may never have received the offer 260 in september the khartoum arab summit resolved that there would be no peace no recognition and no negotiation with israel avraham sela notes that the khartoum conference effectively marked a shift in the perception of the conflict by the arab states away from one centered on the question of israel s legitimacy toward one focused on territories and boundaries this was shown on 22 november when egypt and jordan accepted united nations security council resolution 242 261 nasser forestalled any movement toward direct negotiations with israel in dozens of speeches and statements he said that any direct peace talks with israel were tantamount to surrender 262 after the war the entire soviet bloc of eastern europe except romania broke off diplomatic relations with israel 263 mao era china contended that the arab defeat in the six day war demonstrated that only people s war not other strategies or methods could defeat imperialism in the middle east 264 47 the six day war laid the foundation for future discord in the region as the arab states resented israel s victory and did not want to give up territory on 22 november 1967 the united nations security council adopted resolution 242 the land for peace formula which called for israeli withdrawal from territories occupied in 1967 and the termination of all claims or states of belligerency resolution 242 recognized the right of every state in the area to live in peace within secure and recognized boundaries free from threats or acts of force israel returned the sinai to egypt in 1978 after the camp david accords in 2005 israel withdrew all military forces and evacuated all civilians from the gaza strip its army frequently reenters gaza for military operations and retains control of the seaports airports and most of the border crossings long term during the six day war israel captured the west bank the gaza strip the golan heights israel made peace with egypt after the camp david accords of 1978 and completed a staged withdrawal from the sinai in 1982 the position of the other occupied territories has for decades been a bitter cause of conflict between israel and the palestinians and the arab world in general jordan and egypt eventually withdrew their claims to sovereignty over the west bank and gaza respectively israel and jordan signed a peace treaty in 1994 265 after the israeli occupation of these territories the gush emunim mo...