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9 to 19 programmable 2 537 332 13 1 181 to 483 7 to 19 a similar study conducted in 2012 with the ecobee thermostat also concluded that smart thermostats are capable of saving energy the goal of this pilot program was to determine the gas and electric savings of smart thermostats this study provided 86 households with 123 ecobee thermostats and monitored the homes for 12 months the study included 69 houses from massachusetts and 17 from rhode island the participants either had manual or programmable thermostats before the study was conducted gas and electric billing data were provided for 12 months before the study was conducted to use as a baseline after the 12 months of observation the study concluded that ecobee thermostats led to an average electricity savings of 16 and an average gas savings of 10 the gas savings for manual thermostat replacements 10 per thermostat was found to be larger than for programmable thermostat replacements 8 per thermostat the difference in electricity savings between homes whose prior equipment was a manual thermostat or programmable thermostat was found to be minimal 1 gas billing analysis savings summary 1 previous thermostat number of participants pre usage therms savings therms savings range of savings therms range of savings manual thermostat 23 890 87 10 60 to 113 7 to 13 programmable thermostat 44 842 66 8 43 to 88 5 to 10 electric savings analysis savings summary 1 previous thermostat number of participants pre usage kwh savings kwh savings manual and programmable thermostat 12 640 113 16 although these studies report differing amounts of savings compared to the internal studies conducted by nest and ecobee both of these studies show that smart thermostats have the potential to save energy this suggests that the technologies added to fix the issues with programmable thermostats have been successful 1 20 study discrepancies edit although most studies show that smart thermostats show an energy savings the amount of savings varies a large discrepancy is seen between energy modeling savings and the savings found using actual data the energy modeling compares the smart thermostat to a constant set point temperature of 72 f but an online survey conducted by nest showed that most users have a set point temperature that is 10 more efficient 19 therefore the savings predicted by the energy modeling are going to be higher than real savings there are other factors that cause discrepancies even between studies that all look at actual data most studies compare total energy consumption of a house from year to year to determine energy savings as opposed to looking at just the energy that is used for heating and cooling due to this there could be other factors that change the energy consumption of a house and it might be incorrect to state that the thermostat is responsible for all energy savings in a house for example it is possible that other new energy efficient practices appliances are partially responsible for the savings in addition to the thermostat 19 another discrepancy to consider is the population of people involved in the study some studies such as the myenergy study involve people who signed up for an energy analysis program 19 these people are likely to be more energy conscious and efficient and have better heating and cooling practices this greater interest in energy efficiency may lead to lower energy savings by switching to a smart thermostat the most energy conscious customers are the ones more likely to have had efficient thermostat settings therefore the savings that they receive from the smart thermostat may not be as great 1 the weather will also have an impact on the results of a study having very high temperatures in the summer and very cold temperatures in the winter will lead to more cooling and heating in those months requiring more energy when comparing year to year data if one year had extreme temperatures while the following year had moderate temperatures the savings may look drastic in reality though the savings are not from the thermostat but rather from the change in weather studies will try to mitigate this problem through weather normalization procedures 19 broader impact edit while smart thermostats have the potential to save energy consumption they can create unintended consequences on the broader electrical grid smart thermostats tend to operate similarly across a population and can create load synchronization this load synchronization can create much higher peaks and more rapid changes in heating demand particularly in the winter this heating demand is shifted earlier in the morning when solar electricity is unavailable making it more difficult to supply electric heating sources like heat pumps with renewable energy 21 improvements edit motion sensors edit one issue with using a smart thermostat is the unreliability of the motion sensor one of the main features of the smart thermostat is the ability to change the temperature when the sensor in the thermostat does not sense an occupant the only sensor that is used though is the sensor in the thermostat this means that if the home is occupied but no one walks passed the thermostat the thermostat will think that the home is unoccupied and will change the temperature potentially leading to occupant discomfort one study attempted to address this issue by adding more sensors throughout the house instead of using just one sensor in the thermostat this team experimented with placing motion sensors and door sensors throughout the house to gain better understanding of the occupant s sleeping and occupancy patterns these sensors communicated with each other and used an algorithm to quickly determine whether the occupants were active sleeping or away the system used historical data to estimate when occupants would be returning and would begin preheating the home before they arrived additionally the system would drift further from the set point when it was certain that no one was home the study compared a standard reactive smart thermostat and the multiple sensor system to a manual thermostat the study concluded that a reactive smart thermostat with just on sensor saves on average 6 8 of energy consumption while the multiple sensor system saved an average of 28 of energy consumption this study again shows that on average smart thermostats achieve their goal of saving energy it also shows that smart thermostats are not as well developed as they could be and the addition of more sensors could result in better performance and energy savings 14 user interface edit one of the issues with programmable thermostats that smart thermostats try to fix is the confusing user interface many owners of programmable thermostats found the controls and directions to be too confusing and opted out of using the scheduling feature completely others who used the feature used it incorrectly due to the confusing directions and saw an increase in energy usage 7 developers of smart thermostats have attempted to fix this issue by creating simple to use thermostats and providing proper direction while this is an improvement on programmable thermostats studies have shown that users desire more intense training from the installer of the thermostat on how to use the technical features additionally many smart thermostats use a web portal where users can adjust the thermostat settings and look at their energy usage history again studies have shown that users want this feature to be improved some complain that the web portal is not user friendly and they desire more training on how to use the web features during installation 1 internet security edit researchers from the university of central florida conducted an experiment to show that hackers could use the nest thermostat as an entry point into one s home upon being connected to the internet the hackers could use the thermostat to control local network traffic from a remote location the hacker could also use the thermostat to act as a spy and would know whether or not the home is occupied the research showed that in order for a hacker to gain access to the thermostat they would have to gain physical access to the device and upload the malicious firmware via a usb port this drastically decreases the chances that this type of attack will occur but it is still possible if a used thermostat is purchased with the firmware already uploaded the problem that allows this type of attack is with the hardware in the thermostat therefore nest cannot repair this issue with a simple software update but rather it would need to build a new thermostat that can prevent this type of attack 15 22 sustainability edit residential energy consumption survey conducted by the u s energy information administration shows residential electricity consumption by category climate change edit according to the 2015 residential energy consumption survey conducted by the u s energy information administration home heating and cooling account for the highest percentage of residential electrical energy consumption air conditioning accounts for 17 of electrical usage while space heating accounts for 15 9 the residential energy consumption survey from 2009 looked at energy consumption from all energy types natural gas and electricity this survey determined that space heating accounted for 42 of all residential energy consumption while air conditioning accounted for 6 23 this energy usage needed to heat and cool homes is directly linked to climate change as the energy provided for heating and cooling often comes from the burning of fossil fuels leading to the release of greenhouse gas emissions with an added focus on combating climate change and global warming nations from around the world have begun to take on this issue by limiting greenhouse gas emissions and preventing the rise in global temperature through agreements such as the paris agreement 24 any steps taken to reduce residential energy consumption will help to achieve those goals smart thermostats could be a solution to reducing energy consumption as numerous studies have shown that these thermostats do in fact reduce home energy consumption 1 18 19 20 additionally the technology within smart thermostats has proven to provide optimal occupant comfort while still reducing energy consumption 19 in addition to providing comfort these technologies take the human out of the picture many sustainable devices rely heavily on how the user uses them by relying on technology instead of human actions smart thermostats reduce the amount of human error often experienced with other sustainable devices such as the programmable thermostat these factors suggest that installing a smart thermostat is one easy step than many people can take to reduce energy usage and greenhouse gas emissions ultimately leading to a more sustainable future programs edit many housing corporations and smart thermostat developers realize the potential of smart thermostats to save energy and have developed programs to advance sustainability through smarter technology ecobee promotes a sustainable future through its a better tomorrow program in which the company donates time data and technology to ensure a brighter future 25 as part of this program in january 2018 ecobee donated 776 ecobee thermostats to the toronto community housing corporation tchc to help the city of toronto advance their climate change action plan this donation helps to improve the tchc s goal of providing healthy safe and sustainable homes for the people of toronto 26 another popular way that utility companies promote switching to a smart thermostat is through monetary incentives the san diego gas electric company currently runs a program that offers participants a 50 e gift card after switching to a smart thermostat 27 the wisconsin focus on energy program partners with utility companies across wisconsin to offer a 75 check to those who purchase a qualifying smart thermostat 28 austin energy a utility company providing electricity to the city of austin texas offers a 25 rebate for each eligible smart thermostat that is purchased and installed 29 pacific gas and electric company pg e offers smart thermostat rebates in california for residential and multifamily customers 30 31 many other companies across the united states offer similar programs to incentive smart thermostats and more sustainable heating and cooling 32 33 upon installing a smart thermostat there are additional programs that continue to promote sustainability and reduced energy consumption the nest rush hour rewards program partners with utility companies across the united states to incentivize customers to set a higher or lower temperature during peak demand periods energy rush hours occur when everyone in a particular area turns on their heating or cooling at the same time such as during a heat wave this extra demand may require utility companies to run additional power plants leading to more cost and carbon emissions to avoid this the rush hour rewards program incentivizes customers to set a more efficient temperature that will reduce the amount of energy needed to be produced by the utility 34 as more programs like these are created smart thermostats will play an increasingly important role in reducing residential energy consumption this reduction will lead to fewer greenhouse gas emissions helping to create a more sustainable future see also edit housing portal home automation list of home automation topics testing adjusting balancing internet of things web of things smart device connected device references edit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 miller alexi et al wi fi programmable controllable thermostat pilot program evaluation the cadmus group sept 2012 ma eeac org wordpress wp content uploads wi fi programmable controllable thermostat pilot program evaluation_part of the massachusetts 2011 residential retrofit low income program area study pdf 1 2 huppi brian 19 nov 2010 system and method for integrating sensors in thermostats environmental protection agency summary of research findings from the programmable thermostat market washington dc office of headquarters 2004 h sachs programmable thermostats aceee 2004 1 2 3 manual vs programmable vs smart thermostats which is best for you service champions 2018 05 18 retrieved 2018 12 06 the honeywell temperature regulator 1 2 3 4 meier alan aragon cecilia hurwitz becky peffer therese pritoni marco 2010 how people actually use thermostats pdf 2010 summer study on energy efficiency in buildings american council for an energy efficient economy 1 2 3 4 lopes joseph agnew patrick fpl residential thermostat load control pilot project evaluation pdf 2010 summer study on energy efficiency in buildings american council for an energy efficient economy 1 2 eia s residential energy survey now includes estimates for more than 20 new end uses today in energy u s energy information administration eia www eia gov retrieved 2018 12 07 about ecobee ecobee smart h...