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d that the story of his impersonation by a magus was an invention of darius to justify his seizure of the throne 22 23 24 25 26 27 shahbazi describes this view as a fantasy of revisionist historians fond of sensationalism 28 and according to dandamayev it must remain hypothetical 29 however the idea that gaumata was a fabrication is nonetheless appealing because it was vital for a man like darius who had no particular rights to the throne to invent a character gaumata condemned for his acts against gods and men 30 there are some implausibilities in the official story e g the impostor resembled the real bardiya so closely that most of his wives did not spot the difference except for queen phaidyme 31 32 darius often accused rebels and opponents of being impostors such as nebuchadnezzar iii and it could be straining credulity to say that they all were 10 25 33 aftermath edit in the next year another person claiming to be bardiya named vahyazdāta old persian 𐎺𐏃𐎹𐏀𐎭𐎠𐎫 34 rose against darius in eastern persia and met with great success but he was finally defeated taken prisoner and executed 35 perhaps he is identical with the king maraphis the maraphii who occurs as successor in the list of persian kings given by aeschylus 36 the real bardiya had only one daughter called parmys who eventually married darius the great some contracts dating from his reign have been found in babylonia where his name is spelt barziya or bardiya 37 darius says that bardiya destroyed some temples which darius later restored bardiya also took away the herds and houses of the people which darius corrected once he gained the throne 38 the death of the false bardiya was annually celebrated in persia by a feast called the killing of the magian magiophani check spelling at which no magian was allowed to show himself 39 40 bardiya in fiction edit this episode is dealt with by gore vidal in his historical novel creation 1981 the fictional narrator is a persian nobleman in the court of darius the great who learns that the person who ruled for a few months was the real bardiya an impostor magian smerdis is mentioned in the 1940 short story by jorge luis borges tlön uqbar orbis tertius in the story a reader discovers an article on a fictitious nation in an otherwise ordinary encyclopedia volume smerdis is the only historical figure that the protagonist recognizes the narrator of the story mentions that the name is invoked in the article as a metaphor more than anything else references edit akbarzadeh d a yahyanezhad 2006 the behistun inscriptions old persian texts in persian khaneye farhikhtagan e honarhaye sonati p 59 isbn 964 8499 05 5 1 2 kent roland g 1950 old persian grammar texts lexicon bardiya king of persia encyclopedia britannica retrieved 2020 08 14 akbarzadeh d a yahyanezhad 2006 the behistun inscriptions old persian texts in persian khaneye farhikhtagan e honarhaye sonati p 60 isbn 964 8499 05 5 ctesias persica 8 xenophon cyrop vin 7 ii justin i 9 aeschylus the persians 774 leick gwendolyn who s who in the ancient near east 1 2 van de mieroop marc a history of the ancient near east ca 3000 323 b c 2nd edition oxford 2007 pp 290 291 livius org articles place behistun 1 2 a d godley herodotus the persian wars books 3 4 cambridge ma 1921 pp 38 41 76 117 commons file smerdis herodotus pdf 1 2 ctesias stronk jan p tr 2010 ctesias persian history introduction text and translation wellem pp 323 325 citation cs1 maint multiple names authors list link ctesias persica book 11 fragment 9 taken from photius excerpt https www livius org ct cz ctesias photius_persica html a78 archived 2016 11 23 at the wayback machine cf xenophon cyrop vin 7 if abbott jacob 1876 darius the great harper brothers new york p 300 dandamaev m 2001 bardia encyclopaedia iranica vol 3 new york cite encyclopedia cs1 maint location missing publisher link herodotus iii 68 herodotus iii 69 87 briant pierre 2002 from cyrus to alexander a history of the persian empire eisenbrauns herodotus godley a d tr 1931 herodotus with an english translation by a d godley london heinemann citation cs1 maint multiple names authors list link ctesias nicols andrew ed tr 2008 the complete fragments of ctesias of cnidus university of florida phd thesis pp 25 90 92 93 citation cs1 maint multiple names authors list link olmstead a t 1959 history of the persian empire university of chicago press axworthy michael 2008 iran empire of the mind new york basic books van de mieroop marc 2006 a history of the ancient near east 2nd ed blackwell 1 2 holland tom persian fire allen lindsay 2005 the persian empire london the british museum press p 42 llewellyn jones lloyd persians the age of the great kings pp 97 106 shahbazi alireza shapour 2014 the achaemenid persian empire 550 330 bce in daryaee touraj ed the oxford handbook of iranian history oxford university press p 126 isbn 978 0199390427 dandamayev m a 1988 bardiya encyclopedia iranica vol 3 fasc 8 costa mesa mazda pp 785 786 briant pierre 2000 gaumāta encyclopedia iranica vol x fasc 3 new york routledge kegan paul pp 333 335 historical persian queens empresses warriors generals of persia january 2023 bourke dr stephen chief consultant the middle east cradle of civilisation revealed p 225 isbn 978 0 500 25147 8 behistun inscription 4 1 52 akbarzadeh d a yahyanezhad 2006 the behistun inscriptions old persian texts in persian khaneye farhikhtagan e honarhaye sonati p 115 isbn 964 8499 05 5 behistun inscription 40 if aeschylus pers 778 for the chronology see parker dubberstein babylonian chronology behistun inscription i 14 herodotus iii 79 ctesias pers 15 this article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain chisholm hugh ed 1911 smerdis encyclopædia britannica 11th ed cambridge university press bardiya achaemenid dynasty died 522 bc preceded by cambyses ii king of kings of persia 522 bc succeeded by darius the great pharaoh of egypt xxvii dynasty 522 bc wikimedia commons has media related to smerdis v t e median and achaemenid kings family tree median 728 550 bc deioces phraortes madyes cyaxares astyages cyaxares ii achaemenid 550 330 bc achaemenes ariaramnes arsames teispes cyrus i cambyses i cyrus the great cyrus ii cambyses ii smerdis gaumata darius the great darius i xerxes the great xerxes i artabanus artaxerxes i xerxes ii sogdianus darius ii nothus artaxerxes ii mnemon cyrus the younger artaxerxes iii ochus artaxerxes iv arses darius iii codomannus artaxerxes v bessus italics indicate kings not directly attested and so possibly legendary v t e rulers in the achaemenid empire family tree achaemenid kingdom kings of kings of the achaemenid empire achaemenes ariaramnes arsames teispes cyrus i cambyses i cyrus the great cambyses ii bardiya darius the great xerxes i artaxerxes i xerxes ii sogdianus darius ii artaxerxes ii mnemon artaxerxes iii ochus artaxerxes iv arses darius iii codomannus artaxerxes v bessus satraps of lydia tabalus mazares harpagus oroetus bagaeus otanes artaphernes i artaphernes ii pissuthnes tissaphernes cyrus the younger tissaphernes tithraustes tiribazus struthas autophradates spithridates satraps of hellespontine phrygia mitrobates megabazus megabates oebares ii artabazus i pharnabazus i pharnaces ii pharnabazus ii ariobarzanes artabazus ii pharnabazus iii arsites satraps of cappadocia datames ariamnes i mithrobuzanes ariarathes i greek governors of asia minor cities miltiades demaratus gongylos eurysthenes prokles histiaeus aristagoras themistocles archeptolis aridolis amyntas ii philiscus dynasts of lycia kheziga kybernis kuprlli harpagus teththiweibi kheriga kherei arbinas artembares artumpara mithrapata perikle dynasts of caria lygdamis i artemisia pisindelis lygdamis ii adusius satrap hecatomnus mausolus artemisia ii idrieus ada pixodarus orontobates kings of macedonia amyntas i of macedon alexander i of macedon kings of tyre mattan iv boulomenus abdemon evagoras azemilcus kings of sidon eshmunazar i tabnit eshmunazar ii queen amoashtart regent bodashtart yatonmilk anysos tetramnestos baalshillem i baana baalshillem ii abdashtart i tennes evagoras ii abdashtart ii abdashtart iii satraps of armenia artasyrus orontes i darius iii orontes ii satraps of egypt aryandes pherendates achaemenes arsames pherendates ii sabaces mazaces satraps of bactria hystaspes dadarsi masistes bessus satraps of media hydarnes hydarnes the younger atropates satraps of cilicia syennesis iii pharnabazus ii camisares mazaeus arsames other known satraps megabyzus abrocomas belesys i belesys ii syria ochus hyrcania satibarzanes aria atizyes greater phrygia phrataphernes parthia ariobarzanes persis abulites susiana mazaeus babylon in most territories achaemenid rulers were succeeded by hellenistic satraps and hellenistic rulers from around 330 bc v t e kings of babylon list of kings of babylon royal titles period dynasty kings foreign ruler vassal king female old babylonian empire 1894 1595 bc i sumu abum sumu la el sabium apil sin sin muballit hammurabi samsu iluna abi eshuh ammi ditana ammi saduqa samsu ditana ii ilum ma ili itti ili nibi unknown king damqi ilishu ishkibal shushushi gulkishar m diš u en peshgaldaramesh ayadaragalama akurduana melamkurkurra ea gamil kassite period 1729 1157 bc iii gandash agum i kashtiliash i unknown king abi rattash kashtiliash ii urzigurumash agum ii harba shipak shipta ulzi unknown king burnaburiash i ulamburiash kashtiliash iii agum iii kadashman sah karaindash kadashman harbe i kurigalzu i kadashman enlil i burna buriash ii kara hardash nazi bugash kurigalzu ii nazi maruttash kadashman turgu kadashman enlil ii kudur enlil shagarakti shuriash kashtiliash iv enlil nadin shumi kadashman harbe ii adad shuma iddina adad shuma usur meli shipak marduk apla iddina i zababa shuma iddin enlil nadin ahi middle babylonian period 1157 732 bc iv marduk kabit ahheshu itti marduk balatu ninurta nadin shumi nebuchadnezzar i enlil nadin apli marduk nadin ahhe marduk shapik zeri adad apla iddina marduk ahhe eriba marduk zer x nabu shum libur v simbar shipak ea mukin zeri kashshu nadin ahi vi eulmash shakin shumi ninurta kudurri usur i shirikti shuqamuna vii mar biti apla usur viii nabû mukin apli ninurta kudurri usur ii mar biti ahhe iddina shamash mudammiq nabu shuma ukin i nabu apla iddina marduk zakir shumi i marduk balassu iqbi baba aha iddina ninurta apla x marduk bel zeri marduk apla usur eriba marduk nabu shuma ishkun nabonassar nabu nadin zeri nabu suma ukin ii neo assyrian period 732 626 bc ix nabu mukin zeri tiglath pileser iii shalmaneser v marduk apla iddina ii sargon ii sennacherib marduk zakir shumi ii marduk apla iddina ii bel ibni aššur nādin šumi nergal ushezib mushezib marduk sennacherib esarhaddon ashurbanipal šamaš šuma ukin ashurbanipal kandalanu sîn šumu līšir sinsharishkun neo babylonian empire 626 539 bc x nabopolassar nebuchadnezzar ii amel marduk neriglissar labashi marduk nabonidus babylon under foreign rule 539 bc ad 224 persian period 539 331 bc xi cyrus ii cambyses ii bardiya nebuchadnezzar iii darius i nebuchadnezzar iv xerxes i shamash eriba bel shimanni artaxerxes i xerxes ii sogdianus darius ii artaxerxes ii artaxerxes iii artaxerxes iv nidin bel darius iii hellenistic period 331 141 bc xii alexander iii philip iii arrhidaeus alexander iv antigonus i monophthalmus xiii seleucus i nicator antiochus i soter seleucus antiochus ii theos seleucus ii callinicus seleucus iii ceraunus antiochus iii megas antiochus seleucus iv philopator antiochus iv epiphanes antiochus antiochus v eupator demetrius i soter timarchus demetrius i soter alexander balas demetrius ii nicator parthian period 141 bc ad 224 xiv mithridates i phraates ii rinnu antiochus vii sidetes phraates ii ubulna hyspaosines artabanus i mithridates ii gotarzes i asi abatar orodes i ispubarza sinatruces phraates iii piriustana teleuniqe orodes ii phraates iv phraates v orodes iii vonones i artabanus ii vardanes i gotarzes ii vonones ii vologases i pacorus ii artabanus iii osroes i vologases iii parthamaspates vologases iv vologases v vologases vi artabanus iv category v t e cyrus the great teispids achaemenid empire family cambyses i mandane of media cassandane amytis children cambyses ii bardiya atossa artystone battles persian revolt hyrba persian border pasargadae pteria thymbra sardis opis related cyrus name pasargadae cyrus cylinder cyropaedia tomb cyrus in the bible edict of cyrus cyrus in the quran dhu l qarnayn kay bahman cyrus the great day cyrus the great screenplay ciro riconosciuto cyropolis category v t e historicity methodology bayes theorem biblical criticism hadith studies ilm al rijāl bibliography demythologization palaeography philology cognitive philology decipherment textual criticism comparative linguistics provenance criteria contextual credibility dissimilarity embarrassment lectio difficilior potior multiple attestation mutawatir topics texts bible acts of the apostles gospels book of esther book of joshua book of mormon the iliad quran people abraham bardiya smerdis the buddha caligula s horse homer jesus myth theory quest sources king arthur king david lei feng moses muhammad prester john robin hood socrates sun tzu william tell events and places the exodus sources and parallels founding of rome hanging gardens of babylon kurukshetra war massacre of the innocents geography of the odyssey related apocrypha pseudepigrapha hadith terminology historiography religious studies legends linguistics myth mythology vaticinium ex eventu category authority control databases international viaf gnd fast national united states israel people deutsche biographie ddb retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title bardiya oldid 1376018932 categories 6th century bc kings of the achaemenid empire 6th century bc pharaohs pharaohs of the achaemenid dynasty of egypt twenty seventh dynasty of egypt 520s bc deaths 6th century bc murdered monarchs ancient murdered monarchs 6th century bc deaths murdered persian monarchs deaths by stabbing in iran impostor pretenders achaemenid princes magi teispids hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata articles containing old persian ca 600 400 b c language text articles containing ancient greek to 1453 language text cs1 persian language sources fa cs1 maint multiple names authors list webarchive template wayback links cs1 maint location missing publisher all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from june 2020 all articles with unidentified words articles with unidentified words from august 2026 wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 encyclopaedia britannica with wikisource reference wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 encyclopædia britannica commons category link is on wikidata year of birth unknown this page was last edited on 21 september 2026 at 14 37 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution 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