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use cancer when above the earth s magnetic field spacecraft are no longer protected from the sun s radiation the danger of radiation is even more potent in deep space the hazards of radiation can be ameliorated through protective shielding on the spacecraft alerts and dosimetry 86 fortunately with new and rapidly evolving technological advancements those in mission control are able to monitor the health of their astronauts more closely using telemedicine one may not be able to completely evade the physiological effects of space flight but those effects can be mitigated for example medical systems aboard space vessels such as the international space station iss are well equipped and designed to counteract the effects of lack of gravity and weightlessness on board treadmills can help prevent muscle loss and reduce the risk of developing premature osteoporosis 84 86 additionally a crew medical officer is appointed for each iss mission and a flight surgeon is available 24 7 via the iss mission control center located in houston texas 86 although the interactions are intended to take place in real time communications between the space and terrestrial crew may become delayed sometimes by as much as 20 minutes 86 as their distance from each other increases when the spacecraft moves further out of low earth orbit because of this the crew are trained and need to be prepared to respond to any medical emergencies that may arise on the vessel as the ground crew are hundreds of miles away many past and current concepts for the continued exploration and colonization of space focus on a return to the moon as a steppingstone to the other planets especially mars at the end of 2006 nasa announced they were planning to build a permanent moon base with continual presence by 2024 87 beyond the technical factors that could make living in space more widespread it has been suggested that the lack of private property the inability or difficulty in establishing property rights in space has been an impediment to the development of space for human habitation since the advent of space technology in the latter half of the twentieth century the ownership of property in space has been murky with strong arguments both for and against in particular the making of national territorial claims in outer space and on celestial bodies has been specifically proscribed by the outer space treaty which had been as of 2012 update ratified by all spacefaring nations 88 space colonization also called space settlement and space humanization would be the permanent autonomous self sufficient human habitation of locations outside earth especially of natural satellites or planets such as the moon or mars using significant amounts of in situ resource utilization human representation and participation edit see also space law participation and representation of humanity in space is an issue ever since the first phase of space exploration 89 some rights of non spacefaring countries have been mostly secured through international space law declaring space the province of all mankind understanding spaceflight as its resource though sharing of space for all humanity is still criticized as imperialist and lacking 89 additionally to international inclusion the inclusion of women and people of colour has also been lacking to reach a more inclusive spaceflight some organizations like the justspace alliance 89 and iau featured inclusive astronomy 90 have been formed in recent years women edit main article women in space the first woman to go to space was valentina tereshkova she flew in 1963 but it was not until the 1980s that another woman entered space again all astronauts were required to be military test pilots at the time and women were not able to join this career this is one reason for the delay in allowing women to join space crews 91 after the rule changed svetlana savitskaya became the second woman to go to space she was also from the soviet union sally ride became the next woman in space and the first woman to fly to space through the united states program since then eleven other countries have allowed women astronauts the first all female space walk occurred in 2018 including christina koch and jessica meir they had both previously participated in space walks with nasa the first woman to go to the moon is planned for 2026 despite these developments women are underrepresented among astronauts and especially cosmonauts issues that block potential applicants from the programs and limit the space missions they are able to go on include agencies limiting women to half as much time in space than men arguing that there may be unresearched additional risks for cancer 92 a lack of space suits sized appropriately for female astronauts 93 art edit see also space art art in space artistry in and from space ranges from signals capturing and arranging material like yuri gagarin s selfie in space or the image the blue marble over drawings like the first one in space by cosmonaut and artist alexei leonov music videos like chris hadfield s cover of space oddity on board the iss to permanent installations on celestial bodies like on the moon public perception and media depictions edit media depictions of space exploration tend to be largely positive whether they be science fiction or not such as with star trek or through space news stories 94 in the united states edit in the united states the public is largely supportive of nasa which coordinates the country s space program as a whole including exploration 94 a 2026 yougov survey of us adults found that when asked which should be a higher priority for exploration the moon mars both neither and not sure most said the greatest priority should be put toward exploring both equally 95 europe edit in a poll taken of several european countries by toulana and harris interactive for the european space agency reported that most had a positive view of space exploration in each country surveyed 96 see also edit outer space portal spaceflight portal main article outline of space exploration discovery and exploration of the solar system spacecraft propulsion list of crewed spacecraft list of missions to mars list of missions to the outer planets list of landings on extraterrestrial bodies list of spaceflight records robotic space exploration programs edit robotic spacecraft timeline of planetary exploration landings on other planets pioneer program luna program zond program venera program mars probe program ranger program mariner program surveyor program viking program voyager program vega program phobos program discovery program chandrayaan program mangalyaan program chang e program private astrobotic technology program living in space edit interplanetary contamination animals in space edit animals in space monkeys in space russian space dogs humans in space edit astronauts list of human spaceflights list of human spaceflights by program vostok program mercury program voskhod program gemini program soyuz program apollo program salyut program skylab space shuttle program mir international space station vision for space exploration aurora programme tier one effect of spaceflight on the human body space architecture research station facility for scientific research space observatory instrument in space to study astronomical objects pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets space archaeology flexible path destinations set recent and future developments edit commercial astronauts artemis program energy development exploration of mars space tourism private spaceflight space colonization interstellar spaceflight deep space exploration human outpost mars to stay newspace nasa lunar outpost concepts other edit list of spaceflights timeline of solar system exploration list of artificial objects on extra terrestrial surfaces space station space telescope sample return mission atmospheric reentry space and survival list of spaceflight related accidents and incidents 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