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ture to that extent we are faced here with two complementary rather than mutually exclusive realities cardinal ratzinger in the beginning a catholic understanding of the story of creation and the fall eerdmans 1995 p 50 in a book released in 2008 his comments prior to becoming pope were recorded as blockquote the clay became man at the moment in which a being for the first time was capable of forming however dimly the thought of god the first thou that however stammeringly was said by human lips to god marks the moment in which the spirit arose in the world here the rubicon of anthropogenesis was crossed for it is not the use of weapons or fire not new methods of cruelty or of useful activity that constitute man but rather his ability to be immediately in relation to god this holds fast to the doctrine of the special creation of man herein lies the reason why the moment of anthropogenesis cannot possibly be determined by paleontology anthropogenesis is the rise of the spirit which cannot be excavated with a shovel the theory of evolution does not invalidate the faith nor does it corroborate it but it does challenge the faith to understand itself more profoundly and thus to help man to understand himself and to become increasingly what he is the being who is supposed to say thou to god in eternity joseph ratzinger ref creation and evolution a conference with pope benedict xvi in castel gandolfo s d s stephan horn ed pp 15 16 ref on september 2 3 2006 at castel gandolfo pope benedict xvi conducted a seminar examining the theory of evolution and its impact on catholicism s teaching of creation the seminar is the latest edition of the annual schülerkreis or student circle a meeting benedict has held with his former ph d students since the 1970s ref http www beliefnet com story 197 story_19764_1 html pope to dissect evolution with former students webarchive url https web archive org web 20060816061101 http www beliefnet com story 197 story_19764_1 html date 2006 08 16 stacy meichtry beliefnet ref ref http ncrcafe org node 435 benedict s schulerkreis webarchive url https web archive org web 20070927213823 http ncrcafe org node 435 date 2007 09 27 john l allen jr national catholic reporter blog sep 8 2006 ref the essays presented by his former students including natural scientists and theologians were published in 2007 under the title creation and evolution in german schöpfung und evolution in pope benedict s own contribution he states that the question is not to either make a decision for a creationism that fundamentally excludes science or for an evolutionary theory that covers over its own gaps and does not want to see the questions that reach beyond the methodological possibilities of natural science and that i find it important to underline that the theory of evolution implies questions that must be assigned to philosophy and which themselves lead beyond the realms of science in july 2007 at a meeting with clergy pope benedict xvi noted that the conflict between creationism and evolution as a finding of science is absurd ref cite web url https www vatican va holy_father benedict_xvi speeches 2007 july documents hf_ben xvi_spe_20070724_clero cadore_en html title meeting of the holy father benedict xvi with the clergy of the dioceses of belluno feltre and treviso publisher vatican va date 2007 07 24 access date 2013 02 11 ref blockquote currently i see in germany but also in the united states a somewhat fierce debate raging between so called creationism and evolutionism presented as though they were mutually exclusive alternatives those who believe in the creator would not be able to conceive of evolution and those who instead support evolution would have to exclude god this antithesis is absurd because on the one hand there are so many scientific proofs in favour of evolution which appears to be a reality we can see and which enriches our knowledge of life and being as such but on the other the doctrine of evolution does not answer every query especially the great philosophical question where does everything come from and how did everything start which ultimately led to man i believe this is of the utmost importance in commenting on statements by his predecessor he writes it is also true that the theory of evolution is not a complete scientifically proven theory though commenting that experiments in a controlled environment were limited as we cannot haul 10 000 generations into the laboratory he does not endorse young earth creationism or intelligent design he defends theistic evolution the reconciliation between science and religion already held by catholics in discussing evolution he writes that the process itself is rational despite the mistakes and confusion as it goes through a narrow corridor choosing a few positive mutation s and using low probability this inevitably leads to a question that goes beyond science where did this rationality come from to which he answers that it comes from the creative reason of god ref http www signonsandiego com news world 20070411 0300 pope evolution html pope says science too narrow to explain creation tom heneghan san diego union tribune april 11 2007 ref ref http www smh com au news world evolution not completely provable pope 2007 04 11 1175971179873 html evolution not completely provable pope sydney morning herald april 11 2007 ref ref https www usatoday com news religion 2007 04 11 pope evolution creation_n htm pope praises science but stresses evolution not proven usa today 4 12 2007 ref the 150th anniversary of the publication of the origin of species saw two major conferences on evolution in rome a five day plenary session of the pontifical academy of sciences in october november 2008 on scientific insights into the evolution of the universe and of life ref citation editor last arber editor first werner editor2 last cabibbo editor2 first nicola editor3 last sánchez sorondo editor3 first marcelo title scientific insights into the evolution of the universe and of life series pontificiae academiae scientiarum acta volume 20 year 2009 place vatican city publisher ex aedibus academicis in civitate vaticana isbn 9788877610973 url http www casinapioiv va content accademia en publications acta evolution html ref and another five day conference on biological evolution facts and theories held in march 2009 at the pontifical gregorian university ref citation editor last auletta editor first gennaro editor2 last leclerc editor2 first marc editor3 last martinez editor3 first rafael a title biological evolution facts and theories series analecta gregoriana volume 312 year 2011 place rome publisher gregorian biblical press isbn 978 88 7839 180 2 ref these meetings generally confirmed the lack of conflict between evolutionary theory and catholic theology and the rejection of intelligent design by catholic scholars ref richard owen https www thetimes com article vatican says evolution does not prove the non existence of god 2tgcs99qpml vatican says evolution does not prove the non existence of god in the times march 6 2009 accessed 19 january 2025 ref on the evening of his death on december 31 2022 the holy see published the spiritual testament of benedict xvi which was written on august 29 2006 in regards to natural sciences he wrote ref cite web url https www vatican va content benedict xvi en elezione documents testamento spirituale bxvi html title spiritual testament of pope emeritus benedict xvi benedict xvi website www vatican va ref blockquote what i said earlier of my compatriots i now say to all who were entrusted to my service in the church stand firm in the faith do not be confused often it seems as if science on the one hand the natural sciences on the other historical research especially the exegesis of the holy scriptures has irrefutable insights to offer that are contrary to the catholic faith i have witnessed from times long past the changes in natural science and have seen how apparent certainties against the faith vanished proving themselves not to be science but philosophical interpretations only apparently belonging to science just as moreover it is in dialogue with the natural sciences that faith has learned to understand the limits of the scope of its affirmations and thus its own specificity pope francis on october 27 2014 pope francis issued a statement at the pontifical academy of sciences that evolution in nature is not inconsistent with the notion of creation warning against thinking of god s act of creation as god being a magician with a magic wand able to do everything ref cite web url https www npr org blogs thetwo way 2014 10 28 359564982 pope says god not a magician with a magic wand title pope says god not a magician with a magic wand date 28 october 2014 work npr org ref ref cite web url http www cnet com news pope says evolution doesnt mean theres no god title pope says evolution doesn t mean there s no god date 27 october 2014 publisher cbs interactive work cnet ref ref https www washingtonpost com blogs worldviews wp 2014 10 28 pope francis backs theory of evolution says god is no wizard pope francis backs theory of evolution says god is no wizard by ishaan tharoor 28 october 2014 ref ref cite web url http www religionnews com 2014 10 27 pope francis evolution inconsistent notion creation title pope francis evolution is not inconsistent with the notion of creation religion news service work religion news service date 27 october 2014 ref the pope also expressed in the same statement the view that scientific explanations such as the big bang and evolution in fact require god s creation blockquote god created beings and allowed them to develop according to the internal laws that he gave to each one so that they were able to develop and to arrive at their fullness of being he gave autonomy to the beings of the universe at the same time at which he assured them of his continuous presence giving being to every reality and so creation continued for centuries and centuries millennia and millennia until it became what we know today precisely because god is not a demiurge or a magician but the creator who gives being to all things the big bang which nowadays is posited as the origin of the world does not contradict the divine act of creating but rather requires it the evolution of nature does not contrast with the notion of creation as evolution presupposes the creation of beings that evolve ref cite web title francis inaugurates bust of benedict emphasizes unity of faith science url https www ewtnnews com vatican francis inaugurates bust of benedict emphasizes unity of faith science publisher cna date 27 october 2014 access date 3 november 2014 ref sign source catholic teaching and evolution the catechism of the catholic church 1994 revised 1997 on faith evolution and science states blockquote 159 faith and science methodical research in all branches of knowledge provided it is carried out in a truly scientific manner and does not override moral laws can never conflict with the faith because the things of the world and the things of faith derive from the same god the humble and persevering investigator of the secrets of nature is being led as it were by the hand of god in spite of himself for it is god the conserver of all things who made them what they are ref cite web url https www vatican va content catechism en part_one section_one chapter_three article_1 iii_the_characteristics_of_faith index html title part one section one i believe we believe chapter three man s response to god article 1 i believe iii the characteristics of faith website www vatican va ref 283 the question about the origins of the world and of man has been the object of many scientific studies which have splendidly enriched our knowledge of the age and dimensions of the cosmos the development of life forms and the appearance of man these discoveries invite us to even greater admiration for the greatness of the creator prompting us to give him thanks for all his works and for the understanding and wisdom he gives to scholars and researchers ref name questionaboutorigins cite web url https www vatican va content catechism en part_one section_two chapter_one article_1 paragraph_4_the_creator html title part one section two i the creeds chapter one i believe in god the father article 1 i believe in god the father almighty creator of heaven and earth paragraph 4 the creator ref 284 the great interest accorded to these studies is strongly stimulated by a question of another order which goes beyond the proper domain of the natural sciences it is not only a question of knowing when and how the universe arose physically or when man appeared but rather of discovering the meaning of such an origin ref name questionaboutorigins despite these general sections on scientific discussion of the origins of the world and of man the catechism does not explicitly discuss the theory of evolution in its treatment of human origins ref name o sullivan 2016 citation last o sullivan first james p date 2016 title catholics re examining original sin in light of evolutionary science the state of the question journal new blackfriars volume 99 issue 1083 pages 653 674 issn 1741 2005 doi 10 1111 nbfr 12234 ref paragraph 283 has been noted as making a positive comment regarding the theory of evolution with the clarification that many scientific studies that have enriched knowledge of the development of life forms and the appearance of man refers to mainstream science and not to creation science ref cite news last akin first jimmy title evolution and the magisterium newspaper this rock date january 2004 url http www catholic com thisrock 2004 0401bt asp access date 2007 08 14 url status dead archive url https web archive org web 20070804102139 http www catholic com thisrock 2004 0401bt asp archive date 2007 08 04 ref failed verification date january 2024 concerning the doctrine on creation ludwig ott in his fundamentals of catholic dogma identifies the following points as essential beliefs of the catholic faith de fide ref fundamentals of catholic dogma originally published in 1952 in german ludwig ott these specific de fide statements found in ott on the divine act of creation pages 79 91 the various councils fourth lateran council lateran iv first vatican council vatican i council of florence florence and others the traditional statements of the saints doctors fathers and scriptures are cited by ott to document the catholic dogma that god is ultimately the creator of all things however he chose to do the creating genesis 1 colossians 1 15ff hebrews 3 psalm 19 ref all that exists outside god was in its whole substance produced out of nothing by god god was moved by his goodness to create the world the world was created for the glorification of god the three divine persons are one single common principle of the creation god created the world free from exterior compulsion and inner necessity god has created a good wo...