Meta tags:

Headings (most frequently used words):

spin, flip, contents, physics, of, flips, connection, with, radio, galaxies, see, also, references, external, links,

Text of the page (most frequently used words):
the (72), hole (31), displaystyle (30), spin (29), black (27), mathbf (27), and (13), flip (12), isco (11), angular (11), holes (10), momentum (10), with (9), radio (9), edit (9), that (8), wikipedia (7), text (7), flips (7), this (6), from (6), galaxy (6), are (6), larger (6), smaller (6), final (6), page (5), galaxies (5), binary (5), gravitational (5), two (5), direction (5), orbit (5), theta (5), contents (4), search (4), about (4), supermassive (4), article (4), links (4), active (4), small (4), can (4), approx (4), orbital (4), angle (4), cos (4), sin (4), change (4), hide (4), move (4), sidebar (4), view (3), different (3), kerr (3), physics (3), see (3), lobes (3), believed (3), jet (3), order (3), will (3), stable (3), tfrac (3), their (3), axis (3), tools (3), main (3), languages (2), toggle (2), table (2), contact (2), privacy (2), policy (2), terms (2), use (2), was (2), last (2), categories (2), short (2), description (2), wikidata (2), retrieved (2), evolution (2), external (2), mergers (2), s2cid (2), pmid (2), issn (2), science (2), doi (2), 297 (2), bibcode (2), astro (2), arxiv (2), wave (2), merging (2), physical (2), rosalba (2), pdf (2), references (2), type (2), very (2), also (2), shaped (2), wings (2), oriented (2), point (2), current (2), caused (2), absorption (2), second (2), during (2), connection (2), mass (2), one (2), gm_ (2), depends (2), its (2), which (2), extreme (2), other (2), rotating (2), then (2), sum (2), plus (2), since (2), than (2), waves (2), separation (2), form (2), around (2), after (2), init (2), orb (2), masses (2), write (2), axes (2), center (2), when (2), sudden (2), due (2), for (2), appearance (2), upload (2), file (2), changes (2), history (2), read (2), log (2), create (2), account (2), donate (2), menu (2), add, topic, mobile, cookie, statement, statistics, developers, code, conduct, legal, safety, contacts, disclaimers, available, under, additional, may, apply, using, site, you, agree, registered, trademark, non, profit, organization, wikimedia, foundation, inc, creative, commons, attribution, sharealike, license, rendered, parsoid, edited, october, 2025, utc, hidden, articles, https, org, index, php, title, oldid, 1315080907, scientists, detect, smoking, gun, colliding, massive, 2002, tracing, through, lobe, morphology, 5585, 1313, 1582420, 12154199, 0036, 8075, 1126, 1074688, 2002sci, 1310m, 0208001, 1310, merritt, baker, john, centrella, joan, choi, dae, koppitz, michael, van, meter, james, 2006, extraction, inspiraling, configuration, 11102, 23409406, 16605809, 0031, 9007, 1103, physrevlett, 111102, 2006phrvl, 96k1102b, 0511103, review, letters, spinning, powerpoint, slides, http, www, sunysb, edu, astro2030, kerrbh, perna, luminous, wavelengths, aspect, relativity, largest, were, first, discussed, context, particular, class, exhibit, misaligned, pairs, prior, could, have, been, merger, sources, comparing, these, expressions, follows, even, fairly, fifth, reorient, degrees, more, but, orients, itself, relative, size, between, them, dominated, large, might, maximally, initially, equation, states, initial, vectors, generically, directions, times, ignored, much, making, approximation, single, coalesced, neglecting, carried, away, plunge, conservation, implies, sufficiently, emission, energy, cause, drop, eventually, reaches, innermost, circular, once, reached, there, longer, exists, plunges, into, coalescing, coalescence, just, radiation, late, stage, consists, revolve, common, total, system, each, north, given, parameters, momenta, occurs, undergoes, orientation, consequence, bound, pair, merged, coalesce, emitting, significant, astrophysically, number, processes, associated, spins, instance, launched, parallel, rotation, would, therefore, result, jets, schematic, diagram, atomic, hydrogen, line, another, free, encyclopedia, item, projects, printable, version, download, print, export, switch, legacy, parser, get, shortened, url, cite, information, permanent, link, related, what, here, general, actions, english, talk, українська, italiano, français, top, personal, special, pages, recent, community, portal, learn, help, contribute, random, events, navigation, jump, content,

Text of the page (random words):
spin flip wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 physics of spin flips 2 connection with radio galaxies 3 see also 4 references 5 external links toggle the table of contents spin flip 4 languages français italiano українська 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia sudden change of spin axis caused by merging with another black hole this article is about black hole spin flips for atomic spin flips see hydrogen line schematic diagram of a black hole spin flip a black hole spin flip occurs when the spin axis of a rotating black hole undergoes a sudden change in orientation due to absorption of a second smaller black hole spin flips are believed to be a consequence of galaxy mergers when two supermassive black holes form a bound pair at the center of the merged galaxy and coalesce after emitting gravitational waves spin flips are significant astrophysically since a number of physical processes are associated with black hole spins for instance jets in active galaxies are believed to be launched parallel to the spin axes of supermassive black holes a change in the rotation axis of a black hole due to a spin flip would therefore result in a change in the direction of the jet physics of spin flips edit a spin flip is a late stage in the evolution of a binary black hole the binary consists of two black holes with masses m 1 displaystyle m_ 1 and m 2 displaystyle m_ 2 that revolve around their common center of mass the total angular momentum j displaystyle j of the binary system is the sum of the angular momentum of the orbit l displaystyle l plus the spin angular momenta s 1 2 s 1 s 2 displaystyle s _ 1 2 s _ 1 s _ 2 of the two holes if we write m 1 m 2 displaystyle mathbf m_ 1 mathbf m_ 2 as the masses of each hole and a 1 a 2 displaystyle mathbf a_ 1 mathbf a_ 2 as their kerr parameters 1 then use the angle from north of their spin axes as given by θ displaystyle theta we can write s 1 a 1 m 1 cos π 2 θ a 1 m 1 sin π 2 θ displaystyle mathbf s _ 1 mathbf a _ 1 mathbf m _ 1 cos pi 2 theta mathbf a _ 1 mathbf m _ 1 sin tfrac pi 2 theta s 2 a 2 m 2 cos π 2 θ a 2 m 2 sin π 2 θ displaystyle mathbf s _ 2 mathbf a _ 2 mathbf m _ 2 cos tfrac pi 2 theta mathbf a _ 2 mathbf m _ 2 sin tfrac pi 2 theta j init l orb s 1 s 2 displaystyle mathbf j _ text init mathbf l _ text orb mathbf s _ 1 mathbf s _ 2 if the orbital separation is sufficiently small emission of energy and angular momentum in the form of gravitational radiation will cause the orbital separation to drop eventually the smaller hole m 2 displaystyle m_ 2 reaches the innermost stable circular orbit or isco around the larger hole once the isco is reached there no longer exists a stable orbit and the smaller hole plunges into the larger hole coalescing with it the final angular momentum after coalescence is just j final s displaystyle mathbf j _ text final mathbf s the spin angular momentum of the single coalesced hole neglecting the angular momentum that is carried away by gravitational waves during the final plunge which is small 2 conservation of angular momentum implies s l isco s 1 s 2 displaystyle mathbf s approx mathbf l _ text isco mathbf s _ 1 mathbf s _ 2 s 2 displaystyle s_ 2 is of order m 2 m 1 2 displaystyle m_ 2 m_ 1 2 times s 1 displaystyle s_ 1 and can be ignored if m 2 displaystyle m_ 2 is much smaller than m 1 displaystyle m_ 1 making this approximation s l isco s 1 displaystyle mathbf s approx mathbf l _ text isco mathbf s _ 1 this equation states that the final spin of the hole is the sum of the larger hole s initial spin plus the orbital angular momentum of the smaller hole at the last stable orbit since the vectors s 1 displaystyle s_ 1 and l displaystyle l are generically oriented in different directions s displaystyle s will point in a different direction than s 1 displaystyle s_ 1 a spin flip 3 the angle by which the black hole s spin re orients itself depends on the relative size of l i s c o displaystyle l_ rm isco and s 1 displaystyle s_ 1 and on the angle between them at one extreme if s 1 displaystyle s_ 1 is very small the final spin will be dominated by l i s c o displaystyle l_ rm isco and the flip angle can be large at the other extreme the larger black hole might be a maximally rotating kerr black hole initially its spin angular momentum is then of order s 1 g m 1 2 c displaystyle s_ 1 approx gm_ 1 2 c the orbital angular momentum of the smaller hole at the isco depends on the direction of its orbit but is of order l isco g m 1 m 2 c displaystyle l_ text isco approx gm_ 1 m_ 2 c comparing these two expressions it follows that even a fairly small hole with mass about one fifth that of the larger hole can reorient the larger hole by 90 degrees or more 3 connection with radio galaxies edit black hole spin flips were first discussed in the context of a particular class of radio galaxy the x shaped radio sources 3 the x shaped galaxies exhibit two misaligned pairs of radio lobes the active lobes and the wings it is believed that the wings are oriented in the direction of the jet prior to the spin flip and that the active lobes point in the current jet direction the spin flip could have been caused by absorption of a second black hole during a galaxy merger see also edit supermassive black hole largest type of black hole gravitational wave aspect of relativity in physics radio galaxy type of active galaxy that is very luminous at radio wavelengths references edit rosalba perna kerr spinning black holes powerpoint slides retrieved from http www astro sunysb edu rosalba astro2030 kerrbh pdf baker john g centrella joan choi dae il koppitz michael van meter james 2006 03 22 gravitational wave extraction from an inspiraling configuration of merging black holes physical review letters 96 11 11102 arxiv gr qc 0511103 bibcode 2006phrvl 96k1102b doi 10 1103 physrevlett 96 111102 issn 0031 9007 pmid 16605809 s2cid 23409406 1 2 3 merritt d 2002 08 01 tracing black hole mergers through radio lobe morphology science 297 5585 1310 1313 arxiv astro ph 0208001 bibcode 2002sci 297 1310m doi 10 1126 science 1074688 issn 0036 8075 pmid 12154199 s2cid 1582420 external links edit massive black hole binary evolution an article on binary black holes scientists detect smoking gun of colliding black holes retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title spin flip oldid 1315080907 categories radio galaxies supermassive black holes black holes hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata this page was last edited on 4 october 2025 at 19 28 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents spin flip 4 languages add topic