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earch appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 categories 2 regulation 3 uses 4 controversies and potential harm toggle controversies and potential harm subsection 4 1 potentially harmful health effects 4 2 sugar in adolescents 4 3 cardiometabolic health 5 history 6 commercial market 7 examples 8 see also 9 references toggle the table of contents sports drink 30 languages العربية беларуская тарашкевіца български català čeština dansk deutsch ελληνικά español euskara suomi français עברית հայերեն bahasa indonesia italiano 日本語 한국어 latviešu bahasa melayu nederlands norsk bokmål polski português simple english svenska türkçe українська 粵語 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia oral electrolytic infusion gatorade left powerade right sports drinks also known as electrolyte drinks are non caffeinated functional beverages whose stated purpose is to help athletes replace water electrolytes and energy before during and especially after training or competition sports drinks are classified primarily by their osmolarity into hypotonic isotonic and hypertonic types according to an investigative report in 2012 the evidence was limited pertaining to the efficacy of use of commercial sports drinks for sports and fitness performance 1 consuming these drinks in excess or when unnecessary may negatively affect health or performance and some ingredients such as sugar may not be suitable for certain conditions 1 a 2021 systematic review found that hypotonic carbohydrate electrolyte solutions formulated with lower sugar and low to moderate sodium are generally most effective at maintaining hydration during continuous exercise as evidenced by smaller reductions in plasma volume compared with hypertonic drinks isotonic drinks and water 2 categories edit sports drinks are classified primary on their osmolarity and are divided into three major types 3 isotonic sport drinks contain similar concentrations of salt and sugar to human blood hypertonic sport drinks contain a higher concentration of salt and sugar to human blood hypotonic sport drinks contain a lower concentration of salt and sugar to human blood most sports drinks are approximately isotonic having between 4 and 5 heaped teaspoons of sugar per eight ounce 13 and 19 grams per 250ml serving 4 regulation edit the food and drug administration fda of the united states does not differentiate between sports drinks and energy drinks 5 in july 2024 the fda revoked its authorization for the use of brominated vegetable oil bvo which is a stabilizer for fruity and citrus flavored food and beverages 6 bvo has been found to have potential negative consequences for human health 7 in 2024 few beverages in the u s contained bvo with many companies having phased out bvo in the 21st century including pepsico with gatorade in 2013 and coca cola with powerade in 2014 8 bvo was most commonly found in citrus flavored drinks uses edit this section needs more citations please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed september 2021 learn how and when to remove this message athletes that are actively training lose water and electrolytes from their bodies by sweating and expending energy 9 people may choose to consume sports drinks for purposes of fluid replacement carbohydrate loading and nutrient supplementation 10 studies show that contrary to popular belief the consumption of an electrolyte containing sports drink does not protect against hyponatremia low sodium in the blood this is likely due to the fact that the sodium content of these drinks is in the range of 20 to 30 meq l 11 a stated purpose of sports drinks which provide many calories of energy from sugars is to improve performance and endurance the potential benefits of sports drinks depends upon other factors including the quantity of the beverage ingested the time it takes for the drink to be emptied from one s body absorption time and the carbohydrate type 12 and the same source states evidence to suggest that consuming a sports drinks will improve performance compared with consuming a placebo beverage 12 a 2019 meta review found that dairy milk may provide either comparable or superior recovery nutrition qualities with regards to muscle protein synthesis glycogen replenishment rehydration and subsequent endurance exercise performance when compared to non nutritive carbohydrate replacement and or carbohydrate electrolyte alternatives 13 controversies and potential harm edit sports drinks are sugar sweetened beverages ssbs with a 2014 study finding that sports drinks comprised approximately 26 of total ssb consumption in adolescents 14 potentially harmful health effects edit some potentially harmful health effects of drinking sports drinks without prolonged exercise include weight gain diabetes and dental erosion 15 16 17 these drinks are high in calories and sugar which thereby can contribute towards an unhealthy diet 18 generally commercial sports drinks contain two thirds the amount of sugar found in a normal soda citation needed energy drinks which are often confused with sports drinks usually contain high amounts of caffeine among other dietary supplements often the concentration of caffeine is higher than found in soft drinks 19 in moderate amounts caffeine is not harmful and can provide various benefits regarding endurance however in large amounts this can have adverse effects 20 although energy drinks may contain various different dietary supplements health studies have claimed that there is a lack of thorough labelling which means that consumers may not always be aware of what they are consuming 19 sugar in adolescents edit high sugar sweetened beverage ssb consumption in children aged 8 14 results in an increased likelihood of obesity 21 the sugar found in these sports drinks still exceeds the recommended amount of sugar in a day for a child 22 cardiometabolic health edit epidemiological studies and clinical trials provide evidence that links sugar sweetened beverages ssbs to weight gain type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease regardless of body weight efforts to reduce ssb consumption would continue to support better cardiometabolic health at both individual and population levels 23 history edit in the 19th and early 20th centuries athletes occasionally drank beer of low alcohol content to replenish water minerals and energy in the body as the water is boiled during the brewing process and thus sterilized the beer was a safer option than water from an unknown source 24 however studies suggest that even a low dose of ethanol decreases endurance performance it inhibits liver glucose output during exercise and also impairs psychomotor skills such as reaction time hand eye coordination and balance 25 since the first modern olympics fluid intake during sports have been much varied due to a lack of consensus in the scientific community pertaining to the use of sports drinks in the early 1900s there was a widespread belief that consumption of fluids such as water during exercise was unnecessary 26 however with the advancement of exercise physiology in 1923 the cardiovascular model of thermoregulation was researched by a v hill 26 based on this model the consequences of water loss and the significance of fluid consumption was emphasized 26 energy drinks and sports drinks first appeared in europe and asia in the 1960s as a response to demands for dietary supplements that would increase energy taisho pharmaceuticals a japanese company introduced lipovitan d one of the first energy drinks on the market in 1961 27 since then both energy drink and sports drinks have developed into a multibillion dollar market commercial market edit the sports and energy drinks market is rapidly growing around the world sports drinks are included within the functional drinks market within the functional drinks category sports and energy drinks account for the largest volume growth 27 these drinks have experienced growth of more than 240 in the united states of america and around the world from the years 2004 to 2009 27 there have been a variety of different types of drinks introduced to the market over the years many of which target young athletes 28 examples edit commercially available sports drinks include 100plus 10 k thirst quencher accelerade all sport aquarius body punch 29 bodyarmor braketime 29 erg 29 exceed 30 gatorade herbalife h 3 o pro isostar lucozade sport livpur más mizone muscle milk pocari sweat powerade prime quickick 29 runner s aid 29 sportade 29 sqwincher staminade super socco 29 vemma thirst vitamin water see also edit drink portal dehydration energy drink energy gel gainer supplement hyperthermia oral rehydration therapy references edit wikimedia commons has media related to sports drinks 1 2 deborah cohen 2012 the truth about sports drinks bmj 345 e4737 doi 10 1136 bmj e4737 pmid 22810386 s2cid 35181482 retrieved 29 march 2013 rowlands david s kopetschny brigitte hani badenhorst claire e 1 february 2022 the hydrating effects of hypertonic isotonic and hypotonic sports drinks and waters on central hydration during continuous exercise a systematic meta analysis and perspective sports medicine 52 2 349 375 doi 10 1007 s40279 021 01558 y issn 1179 2035 pmc 8803723 pmid 34716905 rowlands david s kopetschny brigitte hani badenhorst claire e 1 february 2022 the hydrating effects of hypertonic isotonic and hypotonic sports drinks and waters on central hydration during continuous exercise a systematic meta analysis and perspective sports medicine 52 2 349 375 doi 10 1007 s40279 021 01558 y issn 1179 2035 pmc 8803723 pmid 34716905 impact of sports and energy drinks in athletes for performance based activities asian journal of multidimensional research 10 10 2021 issn 2278 4853 perishable 29 july 2014 energy drinks vs sports drinks u s anti doping agency usada retrieved 5 march 2025 suliman adela 3 july 2024 fda to ban bvo additive found in some fruity sodas and sports drinks the washington post woodling k a chitranshi p jacob c c loukotková l von tungeln l s olson g r patton r e francke s mog s r felton r p beland f a zang y gamboa da costa g 1 july 2022 toxicological evaluation of brominated vegetable oil in sprague dawley rats food and chemical toxicology 165 113137 doi 10 1016 j fct 2022 113137 issn 0278 6915 pmid 35588981 fda bans bvo here s which beverages contain the food additive fox tv stations 5 july 2024 retrieved 5 march 2025 nuccio ryan p barnes kelly a carter james m baker lindsay b 15 may 2017 fluid balance in team sport athletes and the effect of hypohydration on cognitive technical and physical performance sports medicine auckland n z 47 10 1951 1982 doi 10 1007 s40279 017 0738 7 pmc 5603646 pmid 28508338 smith jennifer 1992 a look at the components and effectiveness of sports drinks journal of athletic training 27 2 173 176 issn 1062 6050 pmc 1317152 pmid 16558151 rosner mitchell h 2019 exercise associated hyponatremia transactions of the american clinical and climatological association 130 76 87 issn 0065 7778 pmc 6735969 pmid 31516170 1 2 coombes jeff s hamilton karyn l 1 march 2000 the effectiveness of commercially available sports drinks sports medicine 29 3 181 209 doi 10 2165 00007256 200029030 00004 issn 1179 2035 pmid 10739268 s2cid 12040176 russo isabella et al systematic literature review the effect of dairy milk on markers of recovery optimisation in response to endurance exercise international journal of sports science 2019 69 85 field alison e sonneville kendrin r falbe jennifer flint alan haines jess rosner bernard camargo jr carlos a 2014 association of sports drinks with weight gain among adolescents and young adults obesity 22 10 2238 2243 doi 10 1002 oby 20845 issn 1930 739x pmc 4180814 pmid 25044989 schneider marcie beth june 2018 sports drinks and energy drinks for children and adolescents are they appropriate pediatrics 141 6 e20172784 doi 10 1542 peds 2017 2784 pmid 29735573 retrieved 3 october 2022 noble warden h donovan terence e geissberger marc 1 april 2011 sports drinks and dental erosion journal of the california dental association 39 4 233 238 doi 10 1080 19424396 2011 12221890 issn 1942 4396 pmid 21675676 s2cid 13102323 von fraunhofer j anthony rogers matthew m 1 january 2005 effects of sports drinks and other beverages on dental enamel general dentistry 53 1 28 31 issn 0363 6771 pmid 15779219 schneider marcie beth 2011 sports drinks and energy drinks for children and adolescents are they appropriate pediatrics 127 6 1182 1189 doi 10 1542 peds 2011 0965 pmid 21624882 retrieved 3 october 2022 1 2 macdonald james 1 march 2013 the potential adverse health effects of energy drinks american family physician 87 5 321 pmid 23547548 burke louise m 6 december 2008 caffeine and sports performance applied physiology nutrition and metabolism 33 6 1319 1334 doi 10 1139 h08 130 issn 1715 5312 pmid 19088794 cantoral a téllez rojo m m ettinger a s hu h hernández ávila m peterson k february 2016 early introduction and cumulative consumption of sugar sweetened beverages during the pre school period and risk of obesity at 8 14 years of age pediatric obesity 11 1 68 74 doi 10 1111 ijpo 12023 issn 2047 6310 pmc 5482497 pmid 25891908 rath mandy february 2012 energy drinks what is all the hype the dangers of energy drink consumption the dangers of energy drink consumption journal of the american academy of nurse practitioners 24 2 70 76 doi 10 1111 j 1745 7599 2011 00689 x pmid 22324861 s2cid 205909525 malik vasanti s september 2017 sugar sweetened beverages and cardiometabolic health current opinion in cardiology 32 5 572 579 doi 10 1097 hco 0000000000000439 issn 0268 4705 pmid 28639973 mika rissanen may 2014 beer breaks during the tour de france some observations on beer and cycling in the early 1900s ludica annali di storia e civiltà del gioco 17 18 2011 2012 pp 188 190 ludica annali di storia e civiltà del gioco retrieved 27 september 2016 virgile lecoultre yves schultz 2009 effect of a small dose of alcohol on the endurance performance of trained cyclists alcohol and alcoholism 44 3 278 83 doi 10 1093 alcalc agn108 pmid 19136497 cite journal cs1 maint multiple names authors list link 1 2 3 sutehall shaun muniz pardos borja bosch andrew n di gianfrancesco alessia pitsiladis yannis p april 2018 sports drinks on the edge of a new era current sports medicine reports 17 4 112 116 doi 10 1249 jsr 0000000000000475 issn 1537 8918 pmid 29629968 s2cid 4718787 1 2 3 heckman m a sherry k de mejia ...