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spyros markezinis wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 early political life 2 economic reform 3 later parliamentary positions 4 premiership under the dictatorship 5 the restoration of democracy 6 see also 7 references toggle the table of contents spyros markezinis 21 languages مصرى català deutsch ελληνικά español eesti euskara فارسی français galego ido italiano nederlands occitan polski português русский türkçe українська yorùbá 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia prime minister of greece in 1973 this article needs more citations please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed find sources spyros markezinis news newspapers books scholar jstor december 2022 learn how and when to remove this message spyridon markezinis σπυρίδων μαρκεζίνης markezinis in 1973 prime minister of greece in office 8 october 1973 25 november 1973 president georgios papadopoulos preceded by georgios papadopoulos succeeded by adamantios androutsopoulos personal details born 1909 04 22 22 april 1909 athens kingdom of greece died 4 january 2000 2000 01 04 aged 90 athens greece party new party 1947 1951 progressive party 1954 1967 1979 1984 children basil markesinis spyridon spyros markezinis or markesinis greek σπυρίδων μαρκεζίνης 22 april 1909 4 january 2000 was a greek politician longtime member of the hellenic parliament and briefly the prime minister of greece during the aborted attempt at metapolitefsi democratization of the greek military regime in 1973 1 early political life edit spyros markezinis was born in athens a scion of an old wealthy family of santorini who were at some time given the title marchesini i e little marquesses during venetian rule he earned degrees in law and political science at the university of athens and entered private law practice in 1936 he was appointed counsel to king george ii a capacity in which he served until 1946 the outbreak of world war ii and greece s occupation by nazi germany forced the king to flee the country while markezinis remained to fight as part of the resistance militias markezinis was elected in the parliament the voulí during the 1946 elections as a member of the united nationalist party from the cyclades shortly thereafter he left the party and founded the new party the second of many parties under which he would serve the new party won 2 5 of the vote in the 1950 parliamentary elections enough for a single seat held by andreas stratos in the new parliament economic reform edit in 1949 markezinis was appointed minister without portfolio but was effectively assigned control over the government s economic policy coordinating the activities of the various economic ministries upon the election of long time ally marshal alexandros papagos as prime minister in 1952 markezinis s effective position as minister of finance was further strengthened in april 1953 markezinis orchestrated a 50 devaluation of the greek drachma vis à vis the us dollar concurrently curbing import restrictions markezinis s effective monetary policies are credited for boosting exports and consumer demand as well as for curtailing inflation and the balance of trade deficit markezinis was considered at the time as a possible successor in the party leadership and premiership in the event of marshal papagos s retirement later parliamentary positions edit papagos died in 1955 he was succeeded by neither markezinis whose relations with the marshal had become tense nor by other heirs apparent such as panagiotis kanellopoulos nor stephanos stephanopoulos but by konstantinos karamanlis a junior minister who was appointed by king paul to form a new government karamanlis managed to gather the support of nearly all the mps of marshal papagos s party and eventually formed the conservative national radical union ere in the same year markezinis founded the progressive party but failed to win seats in the 1956 elections markezinis s party eventually won a seat in parliament in the 1958 elections in 1961 he was re elected in coalition with the center union as well as in 1964 in coalition with the national radical union years of political turmoil ensued and culminated in a military coup on 21 april 1967 orchestrated by georgios papadopoulos which resulted in a 7 year military regime premiership under the dictatorship edit in 1973 the predominantly royalist hellenic navy staged an abortive attempt to overthrow the military regime junta strongman papadopoulos retaliated by deposing the already self exiled king constantine ii and appointing himself president of the republic further to a controversial referendum in face of growing difficulties with the economy popular dissent and increasing diplomatic isolation the greek junta was seeking ways for a transition to some form of parliamentary rule papadopoulos sought support from the old political establishment and markezinis accepted to undertake the mission to help lead the country back to parliamentary rule in a process that was called metapolitefsi in september 1973 he was appointed by papadopoulos as prime minister of greece with the task to lead greece to parliamentary rule he accepted the task subject to a commitment by papadopoulos to curtail any military interference papadopoulos proceeded to abolish martial law and eased censorship of the press free elections were promised in which political formations including part of the traditional left of centre were expected to participate however the communist party of greece kke banned since the greek civil war and united democratic left eda the party which mostly fronted for kke during the years of democratic rule were not expected to be re legitimised or allowed to participate in any case most leading politicians of the old guard refused to participate in any contacts with the ruling junta insisting on an unconditional and immediate reinstatement of democratic rule in november 1973 the athens polytechnic uprising broke out the student protests in front of the polytechnic evolved into a clearly political quite vocal and rather widespread albeit peaceful rebellion against the dictatorship after approximately three days and nights of continuous mass gatherings in front of the polytechnic the protests were put down by force through the use of tanks and army units which stormed the building during the night of 17 november on 25 november taxiarkhos dimitrios ioannides used the events as a pretext to stage a countercoup that overthrew papadopoulos ioannidis arrested markezinis cancelled the elections and fully reinstated martial law his regime crumbled in july 1974 after the coup against makarios iii by the greek junta of ioannidis which led to the turkish invasion of cyprus the restoration of democracy edit markezinis was involved in the negotiations in july 1974 that led to the return of democratic government under karamanlis s national unity government markezinis s progressive party remained an active political party albeit a small one whose main success consisted of electing a delegate to the european parliament in 1981 markezinis spent his latter years writing his memoirs and on the political history of contemporary greece see also edit basil markesinis references edit oral history trumanlibrary gov accessed 20 december 2022 political offices preceded by georgios papadopoulos prime minister of greece 1973 succeeded by adamantios androutsopoulos v t e heads of government of greece first hellenic republic 1822 1832 mavrokordatos p mavromichalis kountouriotis and zaimis i kapodistrias a kapodistrias kingdom of greece wittelsbach 1833 1862 sp trikoupis mavrokordatos kolettis von armansperg von rudhart king otto mavrokordatos king otto a metaxas kanaris mavrokordatos kolettis tzavelas kountouriotis kanaris kriezis mavrokordatos d voulgaris miaoulis kolokotronis kingdom of greece interregnum 1862 1863 d voulgaris moraitinis z valvis kyriakos roufos kingdom of greece glücksburg 1863 1924 d voulgaris kanaris z valvis kanaris koumoundouros deligeorgis roufos d voulgaris koumoundouros deligeorgis roufos d voulgaris koumoundouros moraitinis d voulgaris thr zaimis deligeorgis koumoundouros thr zaimis d voulgaris deligeorgis d voulgaris ch trikoupis koumoundouros deligeorgis koumoundouros deligeorgis koumoundouros kanaris koumoundouros ch trikoupis koumoundouros ch trikoupis koumoundouros ch trikoupis t deligiannis d valvis ch trikoupis t deligiannis konstantopoulos ch trikoupis sotiropoulos ch trikoupis n deligiannis t deligiannis d rallis al zaimis g theotokis al zaimis t deligiannis g theotokis d rallis g theotokis t deligiannis d rallis g theotokis d rallis k mavromichalis dragoumis el venizelos gounaris el venizelos al zaimis skouloudis al zaimis kalogeropoulos el venizelos 2 lambros al zaimis el venizelos d rallis kalogeropoulos gounaris stratos protopapadakis triantafyllakos charalambis krokidas gonatas el venizelos kafantaris second hellenic republic 1924 1935 papanastasiou sofoulis michalakopoulos pangalos 1 eftaxias 1 kondylis 3 al zaimis el venizelos papanastasiou el venizelos p tsaldaris el venizelos othonaios 3 p tsaldaris kingdom of greece glücksburg 1935 1973 kondylis 1 demertzis i metaxas 1 koryzis tsouderos 2 tsolakoglou 4 logothetopoulos 4 i rallis 4 bakirtzis 2 s venizelos 2 svolos 2 g papandreou sr plastiras p voulgaris archbishop damaskinos kanellopoulos sofoulis poulitsas 3 k tsaldaris maximos k tsaldaris sofoulis vafeiadis 2 partsalidis 2 diomidis i theotokis 3 s venizelos plastiras s venizelos plastiras kiousopoulos 3 papagos k karamanlis sr georgakopoulos 3 k karamanlis sr dovas 3 k karamanlis sr pipinelis sty mavromichalis 3 g papandreou sr paraskevopoulos 3 g papandreou sr novas tsirimokos stefanopoulos paraskevopoulos 3 kanellopoulos 3 military junta 1967 1974 kollias 1 papadopoulos 1 markezinis 1 androutsopoulos 1 third hellenic republic since 1974 k karamanlis sr g rallis a papandreou tzannetakis grivas 3 zolotas ko mitsotakis a papandreou simitis k karamanlis jr g papandreou jr papademos 3 pikrammenos 3 samaras tsipras thanou 3 tsipras ky mitsotakis sarmas 3 ky mitsotakis 1 head of military dictatorial government 2 head of rival government not controlling athens 3 head of emergency or caretaker government 4 head of collaborationist government during the axis occupation 1941 44 authority control databases international isni viaf gnd fast worldcat national united states france bnf data netherlands greece israel people deutsche biographie other idref retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title spyros_markezinis oldid 1370754457 categories 1909 births 2000 deaths 20th century prime ministers of greece 20th century greek lawyers politicians from athens united alignment of nationalists politicians new party greece 1947 politicians greek rally politicians progressive party greece politicians government ministers of greece greek mps 1946 1950 greek mps 1951 1952 greek mps 1952 1956 leaders of the greek junta greek resistance members national and kapodistrian university of athens alumni grand crosses 1st class of the order of merit of the federal republic of germany hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles needing additional references from december 2022 all articles needing additional references use mdy dates from june 2011 articles containing greek language text this page was last edited on 22 august 2026 at 22 39 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents spyros markezinis 21 languages add topic