Meta tags:

Headings (most frequently used words):

square, tool, contents, terminology, history, types, of, accuracy, symbolism, references,

Text of the page (most frequently used words):
#square (127), the (113), and (81), 2020 (49), from (38), squares (37), for (33), retrieved (27), original (26), archived (26), used (22), tools (21), woodworking (20), wood (20), try (19), plane (18), can (18), tool (17), with (16), stock (16), gauge (15), angle (14), marking (12), machine (12), october (12), are (12), blade (12), measuring (11), machining (11), metal (11), hammer (11), framing (11), mitre (11), hand (10), engineer (10), made (10), edit (10), also (10), drawing (9), press (9), edge (9), set (9), such (9), accuracy (9), forming (8), combination (8), angles (8), wikipedia (7), use (7), metalworking (7), scale (7), clamp (7), miter (7), grinder (7), steel (7), com (7), that (7), woodworkers (7), centre (7), most (7), common (7), against (7), using (6), laser (6), processes (6), saw (6), ruler (6), level (6), head (6), die (6), drill (6), carving (6), tongue (6), speed (6), types (6), isbn (6), checking (6), salaman (6), 1975 (6), has (6), into (6), table (5), commons (5), page (5), welding (5), terminology (5), casting (5), block (5), surface (5), plate (5), jig (5), english (5), cutting (5), grinding (5), lost (5), compass (5), history (5), plumb (5), line (5), 978 (5), melencolia (5), wooden (5), shaped (5), another (5), being (5), which (5), usually (5), contents (4), search (4), this (4), technical (4), instruments (4), beam (4), other (4), out (4), tap (4), bit (4), milling (4), cutter (4), file (4), cylindrical (4), abrasive (4), finishing (4), piece (4), flat (4), timber (4), building (4), bevel (4), carpenters (4), carpentry (4), bob (4), 2014 (4), art (4), paul (4), sellers (4), how (4), check (4), standards (4), popular (4), oclc (4), make (4), have (4), their (4), one (4), known (4), different (4), some (4), manufactured (4), fixed (4), type (4), often (4), they (4), designed (4), cylinder (4), hide (4), move (4), sidebar (4), view (3), terms (3), may (3), wikimedia (3), description (3), smithing (3), fabrication (3), heat (3), related (3), gas (3), power (3), magnetic (3), friction (3), forge (3), steam (3), measure (3), straightedge (3), machinist (3), feeler (3), spirit (3), center (3), wiggler (3), rotary (3), lathe (3), vise (3), punch (3), stamping (3), mill (3), pattern (3), sheet (3), workpiece (3), making (3), turning (3), bending (3), mold (3), sawing (3), chainsaw (3), british (3), sandpaper (3), board (3), log (3), protractor (3), schwarz (3), 2011 (3), family (3), handyman (3), shop (3), 2007 (3), technologystudent (3), rafter (3), 472 (3), layout (3), guide (3), finder (3), symbol (3), historically (3), seen (3), adjusted (3), straight (3), single (3), materials (3), changes (3), thicker (3), typically (3), face (3), own (3), top (3), mark (3), two (3), originally (3), historic (3), ancient (3), main (3), languages (2), toggle (2), code (2), contact (2), about (2), privacy (2), policy (2), was (2), categories (2), link (2), short (2), matches (2), wikidata (2), dimensional (2), supply (2), equipment (2), ultrasonic (2), electron (2), plasma (2), trip (2), swage (2), pritchel (2), hardy (2), fuller (2), anvil (2), vernier (2), thread (2), pitch (2), tape (2), radius (2), micrometer (2), blue (2), mandrel (2), switchable (2), device (2), taper (2), indexing (2), fixture (2), collet (2), chuck (2), wrench (2), workbench (2), scraper (2), wheel (2), reamer (2), end (2), chisel (2), bandsaw (2), swaging (2), sinking (2), forging (2), oil (2), shaper (2), planer (2), pantograph (2), lapping (2), threading (2), sizes (2), drilling (2), engineering (2), general (2), semi (2), molding (2), sand (2), solid (2), permanent (2), wax (2), construction (2), frame (2), whipsaw (2), association (2), international (2), federation (2), workers (2), american (2), paint (2), french (2), parquetry (2), marquetry (2), intarsia (2), chamfer (2), groove (2), rebate (2), tenon (2), finger (2), coping (2), box (2), router (2), jointer (2), japanese (2), veneer (2), circular (2), bow (2), winding (2), sticks (2), fence (2), plastic (2), plywood (2), laminated (2), plum (2), african (2), blackwood (2), fir (2), alignment (2), garden (2), sliding (2), drafting (2), diagonal (2), carpenter (2), 1st (2), via (2), internet (2), archive (2), dictionary (2), john (2), part (2), christopher (2), www (2), compasses (2), freemasonry (2), not (2), stanley (2), 2022 (2), bsi (2), 3322 (2), specification (2), 939 (2), including (2), 477 (2), 479 (2), proulx (2), danny (2), right (2), assembly (2), magazine (2), 2015 (2), references (2), been (2), thomas (2), apostle (2), symbolism (2), there (2), number (2), inaccurate (2), blades (2), corrected (2), through (2), checked (2), themselves (2), struck (2), then (2), over (2), accurate (2), time (2), edges (2), reference (2), industries (2), style (2), onto (2), horizontal (2), lines (2), equivalent (2), inside (2), sometimes (2), would (2), triangle (2), commonly (2), corner (2), features (2), though (2), design (2), recent (2), shorter (2), calculating (2), consists (2), perpendicular (2), heads (2), incorporate (2), century (2), were (2), appearance (2), upload (2), links (2), read (2), article (2), norsk (2), create (2), account (2), donate (2), menu (2), add, topic, mobile, cookie, statement, statistics, developers, conduct, legal, safety, contacts, disclaimers, text, available, under, additional, apply, site, you, agree, registered, trademark, non, profit, organization, foundation, inc, creative, attribution, sharealike, license, rendered, parsoid, last, edited, august, 2026, utc, hidden, locally, defined, articles, https, org, index, php, title, square_, oldid, 1370033547, metallurgy, jewellery, weldability, residual, stress, photokeratitis, affected, zone, shielding, robot, helmet, filler, electrode, upset, spot, rsw, oxyacetylene, oaw, pulse, hybrid, lbw, stud, stir, fsw, exothermic, electroslag, esw, ebw, electric, resistance, erw, submerged, shielded, stick, mma, smaw, paw, tungsten, heliarc, tig, gtaw, microwire, mig, gmaw, flux, cored, fcaw, flash, electrogas, egw, atomic, hydrogen, athydo, ahw, arc, sine, bar, optical, comparator, height, dial, indicator, caliper, bore, tooling, tongs, scriber, pliers, piercing, needlegun, scaler, seamer, hacksaw, drift, pin, screw, hydraulic, brake, tipped, shears, oxy, fuel, torch, nibbler, countersink, counterbore, burr, broach, water, jet, cold, machines, raising, planishing, whitesmith, tinsmith, tinker, silversmith, worker, pewtersmith, locksmith, gunsmith, goldsmith, coppersmith, bladesmith, blacksmith, smiths, tramp, tolerance, swarf, speeds, feeds, vibrations, fluid, skiving, transfer, photochemical, borer, hobbing, facing, engraving, electrochemical, electrical, discharge, broaching, boring, spark, testing, sharpening, stone, sanding, dresser, flick, diamond, coated, bench, list, shank, stewart, platform, numerical, control, cnc, cam, cad, computer, aided, computing, polishing, plating, peening, patination, mass, treating, galvanizing, anodizing, soldering, riveting, crimping, brazing, joining, tube, spinning, rolling, punching, progressive, hardening, hydroforming, extrusion, explosive, electromagnetic, electrohydraulic, coining, work, slag, finished, products, ingot, foundry, dross, draft, defects, sprue, riser, flask, core, cope, drag, chill, components, spin, shell, shaw, process, plaster, investment, foam, full, evaporative, continuous, centrifugal, wikiproject, category, green, frameless, panel, techniques, rift, quarter, splitting, sawmill, hewing, conversion, framers, guild, society, engravers, national, carvers, caricature, architectural, woodwork, institute, woodturners, organizations, stain, preservation, drying, varnish, thermal, stripper, lacquer, polish, adhesive, treatments, purfling, oystering, banding, binding, piecing, ovolo, ogive, ogee, bead, profiles, splice, scarf, rabbet, mortise, mason, lap, knee, headed, halved, dovetail, dado, crown, thorns, butterfly, butt, bridle, biscuit, birdsmouth, joints, geometry, surform, spokeshave, smoothing, shoulder, scrub, razee, moulding, jack, grooving, fore, bedrock, planes, scroll, ripsaw, keyhole, jigsaw, fretsaw, crosscut, bucksaw, backsaw, saws, sawbuck, pipe, holdfast, gripe, flooring, band, clamps, scribe, warrington, thickness, shaving, horse, rasp, mallet, janka, hardness, test, impact, driver, hinge, bender, gimlet, float, drawknife, burnisher, adze, axe, abrasives, composite, particle, osb, mdf, hardboard, glue, cross, engineered, zebrano, willow, wenge, walnut, utile, totara, teak, sapele, rubberwood, rosewood, red, quebracho, ramin, ovankol, purpleheart, poplar, pear, padauk, oak, meranti, maple, mahogany, merbau, lovoa, linden, lime, basswood, lignum, vitae, jelutong, jarrah, iroko, ipê, imbuia, idigbo, hornbeam, hickory, hazel, eucalyptus, elm, ebony, cumaru, cocobolo, chestnut, cherry, cedrela, camphor, bubinga, boxwood, australian, birch, bilinga, beech, balsa, avodire, aspen, apple, ash, anigre, andiroba, alder, afromosia, hard, yew, spruce, rimu, pine, kauri, larch, juniper, douglas, cypress, cedrus, calocedrus, cedar, soft, woods, woodturning, whittling, treen, spindle, shipbuilding, shingle, weaving, segmented, root, relief, pyrography, pallet, crafting, millwork, luthier, kohlrosing, khatam, fretwork, ébéniste, chip, certosina, caning, cabinetry, bush, arrow, boat, styles, lumber, glossary, overviews, textile, mining, masonry, kitchen, forestry, cleaning, weighing, theodolite, stencil, skirret, meterstick, rod, lesbian, rule, gunter, chain, curve, spline, coordinate, chalk, calipers, architect, 1980, city, 385, 12162, doubleday, modern, catholic, hardon, look, sign, masonic, lodge, education, logo, 1996, fine, homebuilding, tuning, blog, working, wonkee, donkee, correct, december, lifestyle, woodworker, your, squareness, jenny, 2017, globalspec, bevels, engineering360, bsigroup, engineers, 1940, government, printing, office, topographic, united, states, war, department, kelsey, 2003, old, house, choosing, gerhardt, nick, 2018, hacks, agrell, david, 2013, mechanics, graphics, 2006, cincinnati, ohio, 100, 62341473, 55870, 752, books, jigs, fixtures, 2016, wise, buys, 476, angular, friend, pro, framer, basics, 475, season, episode, public, broadcasting, service, woodwright, chris, underhill, roy, horner, ken, east, petersburg, pennsylvania, fox, chapel, publishing, 154702638, 56523, 342, essential, dotson, connie, january, sixth, australia, 320, 864086619, 133, 60089, cengage, learning, fundamentals, metrology, fort, mitchell, kentucky, 127, 875304703, 578, 08413, 124, llc, anarchist, chest, hub, fisher, combi, 2021, richardkell, richard, kell, new, york, 684, 14535, scribner, allied, trades, 1700, 1970, media, incorporated, symbols, signs, represent, trade, artistic, representations, christian, saints, james, less, heraldry, joiners, statue, holding, helsinki, freemasons, methods, correcting, example, while, emery, cloth, symmetry, method, illustrated, hold, reliable, sharp, pencil, flipped, same, point, only, should, visible, knife, become, abuse, becoming, worn, dropped, mistreated, notably, vary, temperature, humidity, machinery, bright, light, gaps, between, object, referenced, gauges, applications, requirements, meet, regulated, itself, where, middle, shape, draw, vertical, glass, plasterboard, glaziers, glazier, drywall, thin, faced, brass, reduce, wear, joiner, triangular, combining, functions, calculate, suspend, providing, particular, planar, baseline, clear, corners, triangles, adjustable, any, outside, when, assembling, workpieces, boxes, rigid, enough, clamped, place, positioning, clamping, incorporating, something, markings, multifunctional, incorporates, both, odd, jobs, its, 135, pictured, factory, despite, named, supplementary, similar, width, length, renewed, interest, years, generic, term, longer, polymer, standardised, long, wide, narrower, lengths, roofing, combined, metalworkers, inserted, either, heavier, pinned, welded, heavy, machined, high, degree, ends, axis, placing, upright, items, slid, within, machinists, purchased, round, form, pins, placed, bisecting, dowels, radial, image, names, variety, purposes, survived, 18th, began, prior, continue, tradesmen, factories, rome, egypt, 20th, egyptian, many, parts, than, parallel, held, referencing, see, distances, pens, pencils, bobs, boards, scribes, classification, handtools, free, encyclopedia, item, projects, printable, version, download, pdf, print, export, switch, legacy, parser, get, shortened, url, cite, information, what, here, actions, talk, українська, svenska, русский, polski, bokmål, nynorsk, македонски, 日本語, ido, hrvatski, français, eesti, español, esperanto, deutsch, чӑвашла, català, العربية, ænglisc, personal, special, pages, community, portal, learn, help, contribute, random, current, events, navigation, jump, content,

Text of the page (random words):
d as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia handtools for marking and checking 90 and 45 angles square classification marking and measuring hand tools types combination square framing square engineer s square mitre square set square speed square try square t square used with pens pencils scribes drawing boards and plum bobs a square is a tool used for marking and referencing a 90 angle though mitre squares are used for 45 angles squares see common use in woodworking metalworking construction and technical drawing 1 some squares incorporate a scale for measuring distances a ruler or for calculating angles terminology edit many squares are made of two parts a stock and a straight blade or tongue 2 the stock is usually thicker than the blade with the blade being fixed into or onto the stock the blade typically has parallel edges the stock is usually held against the edge of a workpiece or drawing board and the tongue is then used as a straight edge for making a mark or as a reference to check the accuracy of an angle history edit ancient egyptian wooden try square from the 20th century bc wooden try squares have survived from ancient egypt and ancient rome and can be seen in art from the time from the 18th century squares began to be manufactured in factories prior to that they were typically made from wood and were often made by the tradesmen themselves 2 some woodworkers continue to make their own squares 3 types of square edit there are a number of different types of square used for a variety of different industries and purposes names image description and use centre square or centre finder or radial square designed for marking the centre of round materials such as dowels in woodworking the most common form consists of an l shaped stock with the blade fixed on top bisecting the stock 4 another type is made from a single piece of metal with two perpendicular pins which are placed against the edge of the workpiece 5 6 centre squares are also manufactured to be used as a head for a combination square 7 combination square or sliding square a combination square features a ruler the blade which can be slid and adjusted within a head the stock the head usually has one face at 90 to the ruler and another face at 45 to the ruler originally designed for machinists the tool is also commonly used in woodworking they can also be purchased with centre finder heads and protractor heads and often incorporate a spirit level 8 7 cylindrical square or cylinder square a cylinder square is a heavy solid steel cylinder used in metalworking that has been machined to a high degree of accuracy with the ends perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder by placing it upright on a known flat surface such as a surface plate it can be used for checking the accuracy of other items such as engineer s squares 9 engineer s square or machinist square an engineer s square is the metalworkers equivalent of a try square it consists of a steel blade inserted and either welded or pinned into a heavier and thicker steel stock at a 90 angle 10 english layout square an historic a shaped woodworking square which can also be combined with a plumb bob for marking out angles 11 framing square or steel square or carpenter s square or roofing square originally designed for timber framing a framing square is made from a single flat piece of metal or polymer to a standardised design with a long wide blade and at 90 to a shorter narrower tongue it can also be used for measuring lengths and for calculating angles 12 13 l square l square is a generic term used for l shaped squares including framing squares engineer s squares and try squares the shorter edge usually being the stock and the longer edge the blade melencolia try square an historic style of woodworking square in which the width of the blade matches the length of the stock has seen renewed interest in recent years by some woodworkers 14 mitre bevel a mitre bevel is an historic mitre square of a similar design to the melencolia try square 15 mitre square a mitre square is used in woodworking to mark and measure 45 angles and its supplementary angle 135 the most common type pictured has a tongue set at 45 to the stock factory made mitre squares usually have a metal tongue and a wooden stock though historically woodworkers would often make their own out of wood 16 despite being named a square most mitre squares are not used for marking or checking a 90 edge odd jobs a multifunctional tool originally manufactured by stanley that incorporates both a try square and a mitre square plumb square a square incorporating a plumb bob to check if something is level and for making horizontal markings positioning square or clamping square or assembly square an l shaped square used in woodworking for checking an inside or outside angle when assembling workpieces such as boxes they are designed to be rigid enough to be clamped in place 17 18 set square or triangle a set square is used in technical drawing providing a straightedge at a right angle or another particular planar angle to a baseline they are commonly made from clear plastic the most common set squares are 45 squares one 90 corner and two 45 corners and 60 30 triangles a 90 a 60 and a 30 corner another type of set square is an adjustable square which features an edge that can be adjusted to any angle from 0 to 90 19 20 speed square or rafter square or rafter angle square or triangle square or layout square a speed square is a triangular carpenters square combining functions of the combination square try square and framing square into one it can be used to calculate and mark angles to suspend a plumb bob and as a fence for a circular saw 21 22 23 try square or joiner s square a try square is the woodworking equivalent of an engineer s square made with a thin steel blade fixed at 90 into a thicker stock that is typically made of wood the inside face of the stock is sometimes faced with brass to reduce wear historically woodworkers would often make their own try squares out of wood the top of the stock is sometimes at a 45 angle so the square can also be used as a mitre square 24 25 t square or glazier s square 1 or drywall square 26 a t square is a style of square where the blade is fixed onto or into the middle of the stock forming a t shape the most common type of t square is a guide for drawing horizontal lines on a drawing board and can guide a set square to draw vertical or diagonal lines 27 other types of t square are used by woodworkers and glaziers for marking up sheet materials such as plywood glass and plasterboard 1 26 accuracy edit checking a try square for accuracy against itself different industries and applications have different requirements for the accuracy of squares some squares are manufactured to meet regulated standards of accuracy such as british standards bs 939 2007 for engineering squares and bs 3322 for try squares 28 29 a square can become inaccurate over time through common use and abuse such as the edges becoming worn or the square being dropped or mistreated the materials most notably wood can also vary with changes in temperature and humidity squares can be checked for accuracy against a known reference such as a square or piece of machinery that is known to be accurate or against a cylindrical square a bright light or feeler gauges can be used to check for gaps between the square and the object being referenced through symmetry squares can also be checked against themselves one method for l shaped squares illustrated is to hold the square against a reliable known straight edge a line is struck using a marking knife or sharp pencil the square is then flipped over and from the same point another line is struck if the square is accurate only a single line should be visible 30 31 there are a number of methods for correcting an inaccurate square by hand for example wooden blades can be corrected using a hand plane and sandpaper while metal blades can be corrected using a file emery cloth or sandpaper 32 33 framing squares can be adjusted using a hammer and a punch 34 symbolism edit the square and compass symbol used by freemasons statue in helsinki of thomas the apostle holding a square the square is incorporated into the most common freemasonry symbol the square and compasses 35 historically squares have also been used by woodworkers such as joiners and carpenters as symbols in signs and heraldry to represent their trade 36 the square as a symbol is also seen in artistic representations of the christian saints thomas the apostle and james the less 37 wikimedia commons has media related to squares tool references edit 1 2 3 salaman r a 1975 dictionary of tools used in the woodworking and allied trades c 1700 1970 new york us scribner pp 472 479 isbn 978 0 684 14535 8 via internet archive 1 2 salaman 1975 p 472 make wooden try squares popular woodworking magazine 2015 09 28 archived from the original on 2020 10 18 retrieved 2020 10 17 how to use a centre square technologystudent com archived from the original on 2020 08 08 retrieved 2020 10 17 salaman 1975 p 477 woodworking tools by richard kell richardkell co uk archived from the original on 2021 05 09 retrieved 2020 10 17 1 2 fisher combi square with centre finder and protractor supply hub archived from the original on 19 october 2020 retrieved 17 october 2020 schwarz christopher 2011 the anarchist s tool chest fort mitchell kentucky us lost art press llc pp 124 127 isbn 978 0 578 08413 8 oclc 875304703 dotson connie january 2015 fundamentals of dimensional metrology sixth ed australia cengage learning p 320 isbn 978 1 133 60089 3 oclc 864086619 horner ken 2007 the essential guide to the steel square east petersburg pennsylvania us fox chapel publishing p 31 isbn 978 1 56523 342 3 oclc 154702638 underhill roy 11 may 2011 english layout square with chris schwarz the woodwright s shop season 31 episode 6 public broadcasting service archived from the original on 17 october 2020 retrieved 17 october 2020 salaman 1975 p 475 framing square basics www carpentry pro framer com archived from the original on 2020 10 22 retrieved 2020 10 17 melencolia try square popular woodworking magazine 2020 06 12 archived from the original on 2020 10 18 retrieved 2020 10 16 melencolia square part 2 an angular english friend lost art press 2014 05 27 archived from the original on 2020 10 20 retrieved 2020 10 16 salaman 1975 p 472 476 wise buys right angle assembly squares wood 2016 05 16 archived from the original on 2020 10 18 retrieved 2020 10 17 proulx danny 2006 danny proulx s 50 shop made jigs fixtures 1st ed cincinnati ohio us popular woodworking books p 100 isbn 1 55870 752 2 oclc 62341473 drawing angles with set squares technologystudent com archived from the original on 2020 08 12 retrieved 2020 10 17 equipment technical graphics archived from the original on 2020 10 18 retrieved 2020 10 17 agrell david 2013 06 07 how to use a rafter square popular mechanics archived from the original on 2014 08 19 retrieved 2020 10 17 how to use a speed square the family handyman archived from the original on 2022 07 10 retrieved 2020 10 17 gerhardt nick 10 october 2018 10 speed square hacks the family handyman archived from the original on 20 october 2020 retrieved 17 october 2020 salaman 1975 p 477 479 the woodworkers try square technologystudent com archived from the original on 2020 11 27 retrieved 2020 10 17 1 2 kelsey john 2003 01 02 choosing and using squares this old house archived from the original on 2020 10 18 retrieved 2020 10 17 united states war department 1940 topographic drafting us government printing office pp 27 28 archived from the original on 2020 09 02 retrieved 2020 10 18 bs 939 2007 engineers squares including cylindrical and block squares specification bsi british standards shop bsigroup com archived from the original on 2020 10 20 retrieved 2020 10 17 bsi bs 3322 specification for carpenters squares and bevels engineering360 standards globalspec com archived from the original on 2020 10 18 retrieved 2020 10 17 stanley jenny 17 october 2017 check if a square is square the family handyman archived from the original on 2022 07 10 retrieved 2020 10 18 sellers paul 14 december 2011 checking your square s squareness paul sellers a lifestyle woodworker archived from the original on 18 october 2020 retrieved 18 october 2020 how to correct an engineer s square that is not square wonkee donkee tools archived from the original on 2020 10 17 retrieved 2020 10 17 sellers paul 2014 06 13 on woodworking squares and working wood paul sellers blog archived from the original on 2020 10 15 retrieved 2020 10 17 tuning a framing square fine homebuilding 1996 09 01 archived from the original on 2020 10 18 retrieved 2020 10 18 square and compasses freemasonry s logo www masonic lodge of education com archived from the original on 2020 10 18 retrieved 2020 10 17 schwarz christopher 29 may 2014 melencolia square part 4 look for a sign lost art press archived from the original on 18 october 2020 retrieved 17 october 2020 hardon john a 1980 carpenter s square modern catholic dictionary 1st ed garden city ny doubleday p 83 isbn 978 0 385 12162 0 via internet archive v t e measuring and alignment tools architect s scale beam compass calipers chalk line combination square compass coordinate measuring machine diagonal scale drafting machine engineer s scale feeler gauge flat spline french curve gunter s chain jig laser level line laser level laser measuring tool lesbian rule marking gauge measuring rod meterstick micrometer pantograph plumb bob protractor radius gauge ruler set square skirret sliding t bevel spirit level steel square stencil straightedge square t square tape measure theodolite thread pitch gauge try square vernier scale vise weighing scale wiggler winding sticks types of tools cleaning cutting and abrasive forestry garden hand kitchen machine and metalworking masonry measuring and alignment mining power textile woodworking v t e woodworking overviews history glossary wood lumber styles boat building bow and arrow bush carpentry cabinetry caning carpentry certosina chainsaw carving chip carving ébéniste fretwork intarsia japanese carpentry khatam kohlrosing log building luthier marquetry millwork pallet crafting parquetry pyrography relief carving root carving segmented turning shingle weaving shipbuilding spindle turning timber framing treen whittling wood carving woodturning woods soft cedar calocedrus cedrus cypress douglas fir fir juniper larch kauri pine rimu spruce yew hard afromosia alder andiroba anigre ash apple aspen avodire balsa beech bilinga birch african blackwood australian blackwood boxwood bubinga camphor cedrela cherry chestnut cocobolo cumaru ebony elm eucalyptus hazel hickory hornbeam idigbo imbuia ipê iroko jarrah jelutong lignum vitae linden lime basswood lovoa merbau mahogany america...