Meta tags:

Headings (most frequently used words):

advantages, disadvantages, stereolithography, contents, history, technology, materials, uses, and, see, also, references, sources, external, links, medical, modeling, prototyping,

Text of the page (most frequently used words):
the (139), and (71), #stereolithography (45), for (34), printing (33), with (19), from (18), sla (18), laser (17), edit (17), retrieved (16), resin (16), vat (15), print (14), layer (14), are (14), bottom (14), design (13), materials (13), can (13), this (12), models (12), patent (12), used (12), prototyping (11), manufacturing (11), medical (11), light (11), resins (11), using (10), doi (9), process (9), photopolymer (9), was (8), time (8), processes (8), object (8), more (8), platform (8), hull (8), also (8), then (8), wikipedia (7), liquid (7), technologies (7), technology (7), build (7), other (7), that (7), polymers (7), use (6), surgery (6), rapid (6), fabrication (6), jetting (6), material (6), 2017 (6), 2019 (6), pmid (6), ultraviolet (6), created (6), history (6), general (6), which (6), parts (6), prototypes (6), advantages (6), search (5), may (5), page (5), computer (5), applications (5), formlabs (5), october (5), three (5), stereolithographic (5), tank (5), systems (5), chuck (5), file (5), disadvantages (5), filled (5), toggle (4), contents (4), inc (4), 1986 (4), production (4), selective (4), beam (4), deposition (4), binder (4), links (4), 2024 (4), science (4), model (4), s2cid (4), journal (4), modelling (4), dimensional (4), dlp (4), lcd (4), based (4), see (4), through (4), form (4), price (4), properties (4), objects (4), format (4), fff (4), have (4), not (4), produce (4), been (4), surface (4), part (4), article (4), help (4), creating (4), possible (4), when (4), uses (4), create (4), hide (4), move (4), sidebar (4), view (3), about (3), categories (3), different (3), modeling (3), solid (3), computed (3), sintering (3), directed (3), energy (3), metal (3), engineering (3), june (3), 2018 (3), 2016 (3), paul (3), bibb (3), application (3), 2020 (3), compared (3), into (3), printers (3), pattern (3), upward (3), august (3), printer (3), mechanical (3), 2015 (3), 2012 (3), photopolymers (3), additive (3), alain (3), these (3), but (3), any (3), forms (3), while (3), methods (3), well (3), those (3), made (3), various (3), one (3), single (3), accurate (3), their (3), product (3), first (3), data (3), grey (3), specific (3), selected (3), many (3), like (3), after (3), each (3), during (3), transparent (3), desired (3), approach (3), top (3), 1984 (3), filed (3), tools (3), main (3), languages (2), table (2), safety (2), contact (2), privacy (2), policy (2), available (2), additional (2), terms (2), non (2), wikimedia (2), commons (2), last (2), september (2), vague (2), ambiguous (2), 2023 (2), all (2), articles (2), short (2), description (2), wikidata (2), health (2), japanese (2), bioprinting (2), digital (2), related (2), construction (2), curing (2), lithography (2), photopolymerization (2), laminated (2), melting (2), heat (2), powder (2), bed (2), head (2), fusion (2), electron (2), fused (2), filament (2), plastic (2), animation (2), actions (2), machine (2), external (2), 2006 (2), sources (2), just (2), new (2), luma (2), ltd (2), proto3000 (2), what (2), daniel (2), john (2), 458 (2), klein (2), schneider (2), voy (2), 1992 (2), pediatric (2), 1007 (2), francis (2), custom (2), cranioplasty (2), winder (2), 2005 (2), 1016 (2), oral (2), maxillofacial (2), current (2), advanced (2), development (2), medicine (2), 2009 (2), review (2), tomography (2), bouyssie (2), 1997 (2), accuracy (2), anatomy (2), dunn (2), vol (2), biodegradable (2), high (2), sustainable (2), chemistry (2), ultimate (2), guide (2), difference (2), between (2), archived (2), original (2), matter (2), replicator (2), lowers (2), itself (2), glass (2), called (2), exposed (2), layers (2), slowly (2), des (2), 2014 (2), fundamentals (2), com (2), méhauté (2), before (2), jean (2), claude (2), industrielle (2), patents (2), justia (2), apparatus (2), 575 (2), 330 (2), iso (2), standard (2), references (2), stl (2), fdm (2), portal (2), impact (2), requires (2), study (2), compostable (2), some (2), known (2), virtually (2), needed (2), disadvantage (2), synthetic (2), has (2), since (2), interest (2), printed (2), designs (2), enough (2), make (2), patterns (2), its (2), within (2), day (2), depends (2), than (2), unique (2), advantage (2), allowing (2), there (2), space (2), final (2), soft (2), biological (2), research (2), aid (2), planning (2), manufacture (2), cross (2), images (2), tissues (2), range (2), enables (2), segmentation (2), content (2), deflection (2), blade (2), supports (2), cad (2), manually (2), must (2), focusing (2), writes (2), most (2), hardened (2), common (2), aided (2), solidified (2), industry (2), term (2), coined (2), his (2), focused (2), onto (2), invented (2), granted (2), company (2), early (2), french (2), mehaute (2), link (2), photo (2), technique (2), appearance (2), upload (2), changes (2), read (2), subsection (2), log (2), account (2), donate (2), menu (2), add, topic, mobile, cookie, statement, statistics, developers, code, conduct, legal, contacts, disclaimers, text, under, apply, site, you, agree, registered, trademark, profit, organization, foundation, creative, attribution, sharealike, license, rendered, parsoid, edited, 2026, utc, hidden, november, introductions, informatics, assisted, inventions, https, org, index, php, title, oldid, 1377141530, reprap, distributed, marketplace, scanning, topics, contour, crafting, building, ground, continuous, interface, axial, ultrasonic, consolidation, sheet, lamination, inkjet, multi, jet, polyjet, nano, particle, robocasting, extrusion, wire, molten, engineered, net, shaping, freeform, cold, spraying, sand, demonstrates, kalpakjian, serope, steven, schmid, 5th, edition, upper, saddle, river, pearson, prentice, hall, 586, 587, doan, minh, alveo3d, best, solution, prindle, drew, designtechnica, corporation, trends, lasers, hot, nylon, took, whole, level, sterolithography, palermo, elizabeth, july, 2013, purch, group, live, grigoryan, bagrat, paulsen, samantha, corbett, sazer, fortin, chelsea, zaita, alexander, greenfield, calafat, nicholas, gounley, anderson, johansson, fredrik, randles, amanda, rosenkrantz, jessica, louis, rosenberg, jesse, galie, peter, stevens, kelly, miller, jordan, 6439, 464, 31048486, 7769170, pmc, 1126, aav9750, 364, aaas, alzen, günther, craniofacial, comparison, milling, 460, 12820200, 1437375, bf02013512, radiology, urso, effeney, david, earwaker, barker, timothy, redmond, michael, thompson, robert, tomlinson, april, 2000, 204, 10738323, 1054, bjps, 1999, 3268, 200, british, acrylic, 16003630, joms, 016, 1006, state, art, limitations, richard, cambridge, woodhead, publishing, 978, 84569, 138, isbn, 72633062, radi, 005, radiography, issues, surrounding, techniques, sharrock, duran, derived, ray, reproduction, 9381322, 193, surgical, radiologic, klimek, mosges, schmelzer, 1993, reconstructive, 8213143, 329, acta, oto, rhino, laryngologica, belgica, hubs, shi, kuang, wang, recyclable, vitrimer, epoxy, 607, 1039, c7mh00043j, 598, horizons, sufi, biswas, hisatsune, moxley, paquette, ning, soong, dicks, simpson, direct, conversion, mcdonald, waste, cooking, oil, resolution, 1177, 214174209, 1021, acssuschemeng, 9b06281, 1171, acs, updated, ali, farhad, lets3dprint, rsilvers, ngo, dong, specifically, underneath, shines, reason, sometimes, cures, solidifies, sticks, joins, above, being, very, moves, finally, pulling, entire, out, finished, cnet, excellent, hefty, fouassier, reactions, wiley, database, polymer, 2003, lipson, hod, jimmy, hai, carlo, paventi, mechanisms, mech, 2004, 1029, 033, moon, crivello, james, elsa, reichmanis, chem, mater, 533, asberg, blanco, bose, garcia, lopez, overmars, toussaint, wilfong, zhu, 0178, 4617, issn, pl00014421, algorithmica, feasibility, jacobs, introduction, 1st, january, our, story, 177, 219623097, 1080, 17452759, 723409, virtual, physical, savla, associates, february, 2008, mendoza, hannah, rose, 3dr, holdings, llc, 3dprint, man, who, submitted, moussion, alexandre, primante, interview, pères, impression, andre, national, propriete, disdpositif, pour, realiser, modele, piece, december, gibson, ian, jorge, bártolo, paulo, 2011, issued, march, astm, 52900, principles, vocabulary, lom, thermoforming, sls, yellow, cabinet, environmental, understood, offer, options, released, hazard, olfactory, irritant, choice, limited, thermoplastic, vocs, pla, prints, require, hands, post, processing, steps, washing, drying, possibly, removing, support, another, sticky, messy, need, handled, care, although, cost, historically, though, coming, down, public, inspired, several, consumer, machines, closer, unlike, obtained, exhibit, significant, structural, uniformity, minimal, visible, layering, quality, superior, strong, master, casting, injection, molding, machined, anisotropy, speed, functional, manufactured, length, takes, upon, complexity, size, anywhere, hours, detail, given, does, meaningfully, increase, great, savings, multiple, combine, them, often, relatively, low, even, irregular, shapes, businesses, assess, publicity, scientists, published, presenting, hydrogel, rice, university, diagnosis, preoperative, implant, might, involve, rehearsing, example, surgeons, plan, surgeries, prosthetists, technologists, fitting, implants, instance, plates, osteotomies, 1990s, anatomical, regions, patient, scans, involves, acquiring, scan, consists, series, sectional, human, show, levels, selecting, values, isolated, region, pixels, connected, target, point, value, organ, segmented, translated, suitable, normally, factors, especially, operator, performing, correctly, potential, errors, making, avoided, practice, trained, operators, mri, skull, biomaterial, formulated, aqueous, solutions, such, hyaluronic, acid, dextran, gelatin, polyethylene, glycol, castable, zero, ash, burnout, dental, biocompatibility, certifications, thermal, commonly, referred, thermoset, wide, variety, commercially, homemade, vary, according, formulation, configurations, hard, heavily, secondary, ceramic, imbued, temperature, resistance, recently, studies, tested, possibility, green, reusable, classify, following, spatial, modulation, control, positions, over, masking, projector, supporting, structures, attach, elevator, prevent, due, gravity, resist, lateral, pressure, retain, newly, sections, rocking, typically, automatically, preparation, either, situation, removed, deep, blue, polymerization, inverted, starts, lowering, touch, moving, height, rocked, flexing, peeling, away, detaches, stays, attached, rising, flows, edges, partially, built, second, repeats, mode, volume, much, bigger, only, keep, continuously, full, typical, desktop, right, side, industrial, works, cam, software, draw, pre, programmed, shape, sensitive, photochemically, recoats, repeated, until, complete, completed, washed, clean, wet, surfaces, solvent, success, automotive, allowed, achieve, status, continues, find, innovative, fields, attempts, construct, mathematical, algorithms, determine, whether, proposed, constructed, greek, stereo, patented, method, successively, thin, medium, curable, starting, described, concentrated, means, generation, intermolecular, bonds, intent, engineers, effective, manner, founded, world, commercialize, crosslinking, widely, 1980s, researcher, hideo, kodama, modern, layered, cure, photosensitive, own, inventors, abandoned, now, alcatel, alsthom, consortium, believes, abandonment, reflects, problem, innovation, france, cilas, electric, andré, olivier, witte, fashion, causes, chemical, together, body, area, had, conducted, 1970s, applied, products, hardware, oligomers, monomers, photochemical, solidification, optical, photopolymerisation, components, simulate, circuit, board, produced, schematic, representation, emitting, device, selectively, illuminates, polymerizing, progressively, dragged, lifting, free, encyclopedia, item, projects, printable, version, download, pdf, export, switch, legacy, parser, get, shortened, url, cite, information, permanent, here, english, talk, tiếng, việt, українська, slovenčina, русский, português, polski, norsk, bokmål, nederlands, 日本語, italiano, magyar, हिन्दी, gaeilge, français, فارسی, eesti, español, deutsch, čeština, català, azərbaycanca, العربية, personal, special, pages, recent, community, learn, contribute, random, events, navigation, jump,

Text of the page (random words):
formation cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia 3d printing technique this article is about the 3d printing technique for the file format see stl file format schematic representation of stereolithography a light emitting device a a laser or dlp selectively illuminates the transparent bottom c of a tank b filled with a liquid photo polymerizing resin the solidified resin d is progressively dragged up by a lifting platform e an sla produced part an sla printed model of a circuit board with various components to simulate the final product stereolithography sla or sl also known as vat photopolymerisation 1 optical fabrication photo solidification or resin printing is a form of 3d printing technology used for creating models prototypes patterns and production parts in a layer by layer fashion using photochemical processes by which light causes chemical monomers and oligomers to cross link together to form polymers 2 those polymers then make up the body of a three dimensional solid research in the area had been conducted during the 1970s but the term was coined by chuck hull in 1984 when he applied for a patent on the process which was granted in 1986 3 stereolithography can be used to create prototypes for products in development medical models and computer hardware as well as in many other applications history edit stereolithography is an early and widely used 3d printing technology in the early 1980s japanese researcher hideo kodama first invented the modern layered approach to stereolithography by using ultraviolet light to cure photosensitive polymers 4 5 in 1984 just before chuck hull filed his own patent alain le mehaute olivier de witte and jean claude andré filed a patent for the stereolithography process 6 the french inventors patent application was abandoned by the french general electric company now alcatel alsthom and cilas the laser consortium le mehaute believes that the abandonment reflects a problem with innovation in france 7 8 the term stereolithography greek stereo solid and lithography was coined in 1984 by chuck hull when he filed his patent for the process 2 9 hull patented stereolithography as a method of creating 3d objects by successively printing thin layers of an object using a medium curable by ultraviolet light starting from the bottom layer to the top layer hull s patent described a concentrated beam of ultraviolet light focused onto the surface of a vat filled with a liquid photopolymer the beam is focused onto the surface of the liquid photopolymer creating each layer of the desired 3d object by means of crosslinking generation of intermolecular bonds in polymers it was invented with the intent of allowing engineers to create prototypes of their designs in a more time effective manner 4 10 after the patent was granted in 1986 2 hull co founded the world s first 3d printing company 3d systems to commercialize it 11 stereolithography s success in the automotive industry allowed 3d printing to achieve industry status and the technology continues to find innovative uses in many fields of study 10 12 attempts have been made to construct mathematical models of stereolithography processes and to design algorithms to determine whether a proposed object may be constructed using 3d printing 13 technology edit stereolithography is an additive manufacturing process that in its most common form works by focusing an ultraviolet uv laser on to a vat of photopolymer resin 14 with the help of computer aided manufacturing or computer aided design cam cad software 15 the uv laser is used to draw a pre programmed design or shape on to the surface of the photopolymer vat photopolymers are sensitive to ultraviolet light so the resin is photochemically solidified and forms a single layer of the desired 3d object 16 then the build platform lowers one layer and a blade recoats the top of the tank with resin 5 this process is repeated for each layer of the design until the 3d object is complete completed parts must be washed with a solvent to clean wet resin from their surfaces 17 it is also possible to print objects bottom up by using a vat with a transparent bottom and focusing the uv or deep blue polymerization laser upward through the bottom of the vat 17 an inverted stereolithography machine starts a print by lowering the build platform to touch the bottom of the resin filled vat then moving upward the height of one layer the uv laser then writes the bottom most layer of the desired part through the transparent vat bottom then the vat is rocked flexing and peeling the bottom of the vat away from the hardened photopolymer the hardened material detaches from the bottom of the vat and stays attached to the rising build platform and new liquid photopolymer flows in from the edges of the partially built part the uv laser then writes the second from bottom layer and repeats the process an advantage of this bottom up mode is that the build volume can be much bigger than the vat itself and only enough photopolymer is needed to keep the bottom of the build vat continuously full of photopolymer this approach is typical of desktop sla printers while the right side up approach is more common in industrial systems 5 stereolithography requires the use of supporting structures which attach to the elevator platform to prevent deflection due to gravity resist lateral pressure from the resin filled blade or retain newly created sections during the vat rocking of bottom up printing supports are typically created automatically during the preparation of cad models and can also be made manually in either situation the supports must be removed manually after printing 5 other forms of stereolithography build each layer by lcd masking or using a dlp projector 18 19 three unique methods of spatial light modulation which control light pattern positions in 3d space over time materials edit the liquid materials used for sla printing are commonly referred to as resins and are thermoset polymers a wide variety of resins are commercially available and it is also possible to use homemade resins material properties vary according to formulation configurations materials can be soft or hard heavily filled with secondary materials like glass and ceramic or imbued with mechanical properties like high heat deflection temperature or impact resistance 20 recently when some studies have tested the possibility to green 21 or reusable 22 materials to produce sustainable resins it is possible to classify the resins in the following categories 23 standard resins for general prototyping engineering resins for specific mechanical and thermal properties dental and medical resins for biocompatibility certifications castable resins for zero ash content after burnout biomaterial resins formulated as aqueous solutions of synthetic polymers like polyethylene glycol or biological polymers such as gelatin dextran or hyaluronic acid uses edit medical modeling edit stereolithographic model of a skull stereolithographic models have been used in medicine since the 1990s 24 for creating accurate 3d models of various anatomical regions of a patient based on data from computer scans 25 medical modelling involves first acquiring a ct mri or other scan 26 this data consists of a series of cross sectional images of the human anatomy in these images different tissues show up as different levels of grey selecting a range of grey values enables specific tissues to be isolated a region of interest is then selected and all the pixels connected to the target point within that grey value range are selected this enables a specific organ to be selected this process is called segmentation the segmented data may then be translated into a format suitable for stereolithography 27 while stereolithography is normally accurate the accuracy of a medical model depends on many factors especially the operator performing the segmentation correctly there are potential errors possible when making medical models using stereolithography but these can be avoided with practice and well trained operators 28 stereolithographic models are used as an aid to diagnosis preoperative planning and implant design and manufacture this might involve planning and rehearsing osteotomies for example surgeons use models to help plan surgeries 29 and prosthetists and technologists also use models as an aid to the design and manufacture of custom fitting implants for instance medical models created through stereolithography can be used to help in the construction of cranioplasty plates 30 31 in 2019 scientists at rice university published an article in the journal science presenting soft hydrogel materials for stereolithography used in biological research applications 32 prototyping edit stereolithography is often used for prototyping parts for a relatively low price stereolithography can produce accurate prototypes even of irregular shapes 33 businesses can use those prototypes to assess the design of their product or as publicity for the final product 29 advantages and disadvantages edit advantages edit one of the advantages of stereolithography is its speed functional parts can be manufactured within a day 10 the length of time it takes to produce a single part depends upon the complexity of the design and the size printing time can last anywhere from hours to more than a day 10 a unique advantage of lcd based sla systems is that additional detail or material in a given layer does not meaningfully increase print time allowing great time savings on multiple parts if there is space to combine them in a single print sla printed parts unlike those obtained from fff fdm do not exhibit significant anisotropy structural non uniformity and minimal visible layering pattern the surface quality is in general superior prototypes and designs made with stereolithography are strong enough to be machined 34 35 and can also be used to make master patterns for injection molding or various metal casting processes 34 disadvantages edit although stereolithography can be used to produce virtually any synthetic design 15 cost has historically been a disadvantage compared to fff though the price is coming down since 2012 36 public interest in 3d printing has inspired the design of several consumer sla machines which are closer in price to other technologies sla prints require hands on post processing steps washing drying curing and possibly removing support material that are not needed with other methods another disadvantage is that the photopolymers are sticky and messy and need to be handled with care 37 the environmental impact of these processes requires more study to be understood but in general sla technologies have not created any biodegradable or compostable forms of resin while other 3d printing methods offer some compostable pla options and the vocs released by liquid resins are a known health hazard as well as an olfactory irritant the choice of materials is limited compared to fff which can process virtually any thermoplastic yellow cabinet on a resin printer see also edit manufacturing portal fused filament fabrication fff or fdm selective laser sintering sls thermoforming laminated object manufacturing lom stl file format references edit iso astm 52900 standard additive manufacturing general principles fundamentals and vocabulary iso 1 2 3 u s patent 4 575 330 apparatus for production of three dimensional objects by stereolithography us patent for apparatus for production of three dimensional objects by stereolithography patent patent 4 575 330 issued march 11 1986 justia patents search patents justia com retrieved 2019 04 24 1 2 gibson ian and jorge bártolo paulo history of stereolithography stereolithography materials processes and applications 2011 41 43 print 7 october 2015 1 2 3 4 the ultimate guide to stereolithography sla 3d printing formlabs formlabs inc retrieved 26 december 2017 jean claude andre disdpositif pour realiser un modele de piece industrielle national de la propriete industrielle moussion alexandre 2014 interview d alain le méhauté l un des pères de l impression 3d primante 3d mendoza hannah rose may 15 2015 alain le méhauté the man who submitted patent for sla 3d printing before chuck hull 3dprint com 3dr holdings llc stereolithography 3d printing additive fabrication photopolymers savla associates archived from the original on 14 february 2008 retrieved 10 august 2017 1 2 3 4 hull chuck 2012 on stereolithography virtual and physical prototyping 7 3 177 doi 10 1080 17452759 2012 723409 s2cid 219623097 our story 3d systems 3d systems inc 12 january 2017 retrieved 10 august 2017 jacobs paul f introduction to rapid prototyping and manufacturing rapid prototyping and manufacturing fundamentals of stereolithography 1st ed 1992 4 6 print 7 october 2015 asberg b blanco g bose p garcia lopez j overmars m toussaint g wilfong g zhu b 1997 feasibility of design in stereolithography algorithmica 19 1 61 83 doi 10 1007 pl00014421 issn 0178 4617 crivello james v and elsa reichmanis photopolymer materials and processes for advanced technologies chemistry of materials chem mater 26 1 2014 533 print 1 2 lipson hod francis c moon jimmy hai and carlo paventi 3 d printing the history of mechanisms journal of mechanical design j mech des 2004 1029 033 print fouassier j p photopolymerization reactions the wiley database of polymer properties 3 2003 25 print 1 2 ngo dong formlabs form 2 3d printer review an excellent 3d printer for a hefty price cnet retrieved 3 august 2016 more specifically as the print platform lowers itself into the resin glass tank an ultraviolet laser light from underneath the see through tank shines on it for this reason sla is sometimes called the laser 3d printing technology exposed to the laser light the resin cures solidifies and sticks to the platform as more resin is exposed to the laser light the pattern is created and joins the layer above as more and more layers are being created the build platform slowly very slowly moves upward finally pulling the entire object out of the tank as the print process is finished rsilvers 2019 03 02 on the difference between dlp and lcd based sla printers matter replicator matter replicator archived from the original on 2023 11 13 retrieved 2019 03 17 ali farhad 2024 01 19 difference between dlp and lcd based sla printers lets3dprint retrieved 2024 09 02 the ultimate guide to stereolithography sla 3d printing updated for 2020 formlabs retrieved 2020 10 21 wu b sufi a biswas r g hisatsune a moxley paquette v ning p soong r dicks a p simpson a j 2019 direct conversion of mcdonald s waste cooking oil into a biodegradable high resolution 3d printing resin acs sustainable chemistry engineering vol 8 pp 1171 1177 doi 10 1021 acssuschemeng 9b06281 s2cid 214174209 shi q yu k kuang x mu...