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ove to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 history toggle history subsection 1 1 ancient sogdiana 1 2 soviet period 1 3 post independence and renaming 2 administrative divisions toggle administrative divisions subsection 2 1 cities 2 2 districts 2 3 enclaves and exclaves 3 economy 4 demographics 5 districts toggle districts subsection 5 1 districts of sughd 5 2 city districts 6 notable people 7 see also 8 notes 9 references 10 further reading 11 external links toggle the table of contents sughd region 57 languages العربية azərbaycanca беларуская български català нохчийн cebuano čeština deutsch zazaki ελληνικά esperanto español eesti euskara فارسی suomi français nordfriisk galego עברית हिन्दी հայերեն bahasa indonesia italiano 日本語 ქართული qaraqalpaqsha қазақша 한국어 кыргызча lietuvių latviešu nederlands norsk bokmål ирон polski پنجابی پښتو português română русский simple english svenska தமிழ் тоҷикӣ ไทย türkmençe türkçe татарча tatarça ئۇيغۇرچە uyghurche українська اردو oʻzbekcha ўзбекча tiếng việt მარგალური 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide coordinates 39 30 n 69 0 e 39 500 n 69 000 e 39 500 69 000 from wikipedia the free encyclopedia region of tajikistan province in khujand tajikistan sughd province tajik вилояти суғд province from the top to bottom right khujand panjakent district rudaki s tomb ayni district yaghnob river sughd in tajikistan coordinates 39 30 n 69 0 e 39 500 n 69 000 e 39 500 69 000 country tajikistan capital khujand established 23 december 1970 area total 25 400 km 2 9 800 sq mi population 2026 1 2 total 3 015 000 density 119 km 2 307 sq mi time zone utc 5 tjt postal code 735700 area code 992 3422 iso 3166 code tj su plate code 02рт hdi 2023 0 695 3 medium official languages tajik 4 russian website www sugd tj sughd region tajik вилояти суғд romanized viloyati sughd is one of the four regions of tajikistan it is the country s second most populous region and its largest industrial hub centered in the historical region of sogdia the province is located in the northwest of the country bordering uzbekistan and kyrgyzstan its capital and largest city is khujand one of central asia s oldest cities with a history spanning over 2 500 years the province s territory is predominantly mountainous and covers an area of approximately 25 400 square kilometres as of 2026 sughd had a population of about 3 02 million accounting for 28 1 of the national total 1 2 the region s demographic growth is driven by a high birth rate with 62 800 births registered in 2025 a 1 4 increase from the previous year sughd is the most economically significant province in tajikistan in the first half of 2026 its industrial output reached 20 5 billion somoni representing 60 8 of the nation s total industrial production 5 the province is a major centre for mining and metallurgy including the extraction and processing of non ferrous and rare metals gold and coal it is also a key agricultural region with a focus on cotton cultivation and has expanded cooperation with chinese companies to modernise its farming sector a significant driver of its economy is the sughd free economic zone which has attracted major investment and hosts numerous manufacturing enterprises 6 the province s foreign trade turnover in the first quarter of 2026 reached 1 3 billion a 41 increase year on year with exports growing by 73 7 history edit ancient sogdiana edit the territory of modern sughd province corresponds to the eastern part of the historical region of sogdia an ancient eastern iranian civilization that flourished along the zarafshon river and the syr darya 7 the sogdians who are among the ancestors of modern day tajiks never formed a unified state but instead established a network of independent city states with major centers at samarkand and bukhara now in uzbekistan as well as in the zarafshon valley sogdia was renowned for its wealth and was considered one of the four earthly paradises in ancient geography 8 the region s history is closely tied to its capital khujand one of the oldest cities in central asia according to some sources the city was founded in the 7th 6th centuries bc and is identified with cyropolis a city established by cyrus the great of the achaemenid empire in 329 bc alexander iii of macedon refounded the settlement as alexandria eschate alexandria the furthest his easternmost military outpost on the banks of the syr darya 9 10 the city later became a major staging point on the northern silk road facilitating trade and cultural exchange between east and west in the 8th century the muslim conquest of transoxiana brought sogdia under the control of the umayyad caliphate a turning point that gradually replaced zoroastrianism with islam and integrated the region into the wider islamic world during the abbasid period the region was part of the vast province of mawara annahr transoxiana 11 the city of khujand like much of central asia suffered destruction during the mongol invasions in the 13th century but was later revived under the timurid empire soviet period edit following the russian conquest of central asia in the 19th century the region came under the control of the russian empire in 1924 the territory was established as part of the uzbek ssr within the soviet union it was transferred to the tajik ssr in 1929 on 27 october 1939 the province was officially established as leninabad oblast russian ленинабадская область 12 the name like that of its capital city khujand was renamed leninabad in 1936 honored the soviet founder vladimir lenin during world war ii the region played a crucial role in the soviet war effort in 1945 the leninabad mining and chemical combine was established to process uranium for the soviet nuclear program 13 14 the province was briefly abolished on 28 march 1962 but was re established on 23 december 1970 15 in 1974 a 24 metre 79 ft statue of lenin was erected in khujand which became the largest monument to the bolshevik leader in central asia 16 post independence and renaming edit in the late 1980s as the soviet union began to weaken a movement emerged in the region to restore historical names in 1986 khujand then still called leninabad celebrated its 2 500th anniversary which prompted local intellectuals to question why a city with such an ancient history bore a soviet name a campaign led by writers scientists and activists succeeded in reversing the name change following a referendum in 1990 the city of khujand reverted to its historical name the first time in soviet history that a city named after lenin was renamed 16 after tajikistan gained independence in 1991 the province continued to be known as leninabad oblast for several years it was briefly renamed leninobod the tajik language form before being officially renamed sughd region tajik вилояти суғд on 10 november 2000 in recognition of the region s ancient sogdian heritage 17 the name was subsequently adjusted to soǧd until 2004 when the current spelling of sughd was standardised citation needed in 2011 the large statue of lenin in khujand was dismantled and replaced with a monument to ismoili somoni the 9th century samanid ruler considered a national hero of tajikistan 18 in preparation for the 35th anniversary of tajikistan s independence in september 2026 more than 12 000 buildings were constructed across sughd province as part of large scale development projects 19 the province has continued to be the country s most important industrial and economic hub while preserving its rich historical and cultural heritage administrative divisions edit sughd province is administratively divided into 8 cities шаҳр 14 districts ноҳия 23 towns шаҳрак and 93 rural communities ҷамоат 20 the administrative centre is the city of khujand 20 cities edit the following table lists the cities of sughd province with their estimated populations as of 1 january 2024 20 21 22 23 city native name population 2024 est khujand хуҷанд 203 800 20 buston бӯстон 39 700 20 guliston гулистон 51 400 24 isfara исфара 290 600 21 a istaravshan истаравшан 299 300 22 a istiqlol истиқлол 18 100 konibodom конибодом 224 000 23 a panjakent панҷакент 43 300 1 2 3 this figure represents the population of the entire city administration including rural areas the urban population estimate for 2024 is 65 100 21 districts edit the province is divided into 14 districts the following table lists each district with its capital area and population as of 1 january 2024 20 district native name capital area km² population 2024 est ayni айнӣ ayni 5 200 93 800 asht ашт shaydon 2 800 182 100 bobojon ghafurov бобоҷон ғафуров ghafurov 2 700 419 200 devashtich деваштич ghonchi 1 600 170 100 jabbor rasulov ҷаббор расулов mehrobod 300 148 800 kuhistoni mastchoh кӯҳистони мастчоҳ mehron 3 700 25 200 mastchoh мастчоҳ buston 1 000 135 600 panjakent панҷакент panjakent 3 700 286 200 shahriston шаҳристон shahriston 1 100 49 700 spitamen спитамен nov 400 148 300 zafarobod зафаробод zafarobod 400 79 300 notes population figures for 2024 are estimates as of 1 january 2024 from the state statistical committee of the republic of tajikistan as compiled by citypopulation de 20 for isfara istaravshan and konibodom the figures in the city table represent the entire city administration including rural areas their respective urban populations are 65 100 66 600 and 55 000 21 22 23 enclaves and exclaves edit the province contains several exclaves surrounded by the territory of kyrgyzstan and uzbekistan 20 vorukh an exclave located within batken region of kyrgyzstan administratively part of the city of isfara 25 lolazor a small exclave located within leilek district of batken region kyrgyzstan administratively part of jabbor rasulov district 26 sarvan an exclave located within namangan region of uzbekistan administratively part of asht district 27 economy edit indoor market in khujand the economy of sughd has been growing steadily since 2000 at the average rate of 13 2 in 2008 and 13 3 in 2009 28 in 2009 farming trade and industrial production contributed 28 2 25 8 and 14 0 to the grp gross regional product of sughd respectively 28 since 2000 the output of industrial production increased two fold at an average annual growth rate of 5 8 28 a free economic zone has been established in the region called sughd free economic zone demographics edit historical population year pop p a 1979 1 194 683 1989 1 558 158 2 69 1999 1 871 979 1 85 2010 2 233 550 1 62 2020 2 707 300 1 94 source citypopulation 29 districts edit the province is divided into 10 districts tajik ноҳия nohiya or russian район raion and 8 district level cities furthermore several cities shahr also cover other towns shahrak and rural localities these are listed under city districts 30 districts of sughd edit asht district ayni district devashtich district ghafurov district kuhistoni mastchoh district mastchoh district spitamen district jabbor rasulov district shahriston district zafarobod district city districts edit khujand sughd province counts the following 8 district level cities with population estimate as of 2020 30 khujand leninabad 183 600 buston chkalovsk 34 000 guliston kayrakkum 18 000 istiqlol taboshar 17 600 isfara 51 700 istaravshan ura tyube 65 600 konibodom 52 500 panjakent 43 300 notable people edit ruslan ablayev born 1972 russian professional football coach and former player lex fridman born 1983 host of the lex fridman podcast and youtube series researcher at mit see also edit yaghnobi people yagnob valley extreme points of tajikistan notes edit references edit 1 2 population of tajikistan increased by 215 000 in 2025 asia plus 2026 02 20 retrieved 2026 08 27 1 2 tajikistan s population reaches 10 72 million xinhua 2026 02 21 retrieved 2026 08 27 list of regions of tajikistan by human development index wikipedia retrieved 2026 08 27 конституция республики таджикистан prokuratura tj parliament of tajikistan retrieved 9 january 2020 согд 60 8 промышленного производства страны sugdpressa 2026 08 02 retrieved 2026 08 27 sughd fez 17 years of operation and new projects asia plus 2026 07 15 retrieved 2026 08 27 le strange 1905 le strange guy 1905 the lands of the eastern caliphate mesopotamia persia and central asia from the moslem conquest to the time of timur cambridge university press 0 l8 l11 prevas john 2004 envy of the gods alexander the great s ill fated journey across asia p 121 da capo press cambridge mass isbn 0 306 81268 1 alexandria eschate thefreedictionary retrieved 2026 08 27 1 l6 l9 samarqand et le sughd à l époque abbāsside university of st andrews retrieved 2026 08 27 0 l23 l26 указ президиума вс ссср от 27 10 1939 об образовании сталинабадской ленинабадской кулябской и гармской областей в составе таджикской сср in russian 1939 10 27 via wikisource 2 l9 l16 leninabad mining and chemical combine wikipedia retrieved 2026 08 27 10 l2 l8 uranium in tajikistan world nuclear association 2022 02 21 retrieved 2026 08 27 11 l23 l27 ленинабадская область academic ru retrieved 2026 08 27 cite encyclopedia check url value help 2 l33 l34 1 2 tajiks topple largest lenin statue rfe rl 2011 05 31 retrieved 2026 08 27 13 l21 l23 постановление маджлиси милли маджлиси оли республики таджикистан от 10 ноября 2000 года 148 о переименовании ленинабадской области в согдийскую область portali huquqi tj 2000 11 10 retrieved 2026 08 27 12 l3 l10 tajiks topple largest lenin statue rfe rl 2011 05 31 retrieved 2026 08 27 13 l5 l11 more than 12 000 buildings have been built in the sughd region to mark the 35th anniversary of tajikistan s independence avesta 2025 11 14 retrieved 2026 08 27 14 l4 l6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 suġd province tajikistan citypopulation de retrieved 2026 08 27 1 2 3 4 isfara city tajikistan citypopulation de retrieved 2026 08 27 1 2 3 istaravšan city tajikistan citypopulation de retrieved 2026 08 27 1 2 3 konibodom city tajikistan citypopulation de retrieved 2026 08 27 guliston ḳajroqqum city population citypopulation de retrieved 2026 08 27 vorukh wikipedia en wikipedia org retrieved 2026 08 27 lolazor jabbor rasulov district wikipedia en wikipedia org retrieved 2026 08 27 sarvan tajikistan wikipedia en wikipedia org retrieved 2026 08 27 1 2 3 socio economic situation of the sughd oblast statistics committee of sughd oblast khujand january march 2010 in tajik and russian tajikistan provinces www citypopulation de 1 2 populatio...