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in its internal weapons bays december 20 2021 despite the calming trend between former cold war rivals this period also saw the proliferation of nuclear weapons to india pakistan and north korea in south asia indian and pakistani defense strategies are shaped largely by geography with direct and unique implications for the perceived need for weapon ranges blast strengths and signaling capacity 21 22 for north korea weapons developments following the 2017 long range missile breakout and nuclear test have largely focused on building a tnw capability for short ranged missiles and rockets and a strategy focused on preemption 23 24 25 from the 2010s a steadily growing sense of competition between the us and russia especially following its 2022 invasion of ukraine became intensified by a growing american anxiety over perceptions of china s nuclear build up this has resulted in a renewed debate over the roles and value of tnw systems in 2018 russian president vladimir putin announced a series of new super weapons notionally intended to evade american missile defenses of these the 3m22 zircon anti ship missile and the kh42 kinzhal air launched ballistic missile are considered to be tactical nuclear capable systems adding to a large number of existing russian tnw systems 26 and raising concerns over shifts within russian nuclear strategy broadly 27 28 in 2023 the us congress directed the development of a new sea launched nuclear cruise missile intended to serve on currently non nuclear armed submarines or surface vessels 29 in 2024 the us air force began replacing its b61 gravity bomb as stationed at its nuclear sharing bases in europe with a modernized version 30 31 while china has not publicly announced the development of tnw its growing theater range and dual capable missile capabilities indicate a potential tactical mission 32 roles in nuclear strategy edit upshot knothole grable nuclear artillery test may 25 1953 tactical nuclear weapons have long sparked debate among strategists over the benefits and risks of introducing such systems to a nation s arsenal the earliest thinking in favor of tnw utility was around the offset strategy which argues that the military utility of local and smaller nuclear blasts could prove a decisive edge in a particular battle and potentially favorably shape the overall prosecution of a war as technologies and strategies matured during the cold war this military utility argument gave way to wider strategic thinking that building a capacity for nuclear use at a lower level might be necessary to support the credibility of a higher level deterrent 33 in this way tnws gain a good deal of their perceived utility not as a munition but as a signal 34 advocates of this position see benefits in having more capability options as a way to potentially prevent strategic escalation by exercising escalation dominance at lower levels of fighting 35 a training mockup of the kh 47m2 kinzhal hypersonic aero ballistic air to surface missile mounted on a russian air force mig 31k critics of tnw leveraging strategies have long pointed to the risks of both fielding and potentially using such weapons even without nuclear use the presence of tnw in national stockpiles may drive risk exacerbating behaviors such as forward deploying critical resources and lowering the perceived threshold for nuclear use of any kind 36 37 the potential use of tactical nuclear weapons also presents an untested and unpredictable risk of escalating a conflict until it reaches a tipping point that provokes the use of strategic nuclear weapons 38 39 critics also argue that the various strategic effects of nuclear weapons are not meaningfully reduced by limited or lower yield use and crossing the nuclear barrier in any conflict would create dangerous social and political reverberations erasing any potential short term gains 20 40 studies and exercises have long investigated the various risks of tnw strategies and potential scenarios for use 41 42 threats of use edit main article nuclear close calls this section needs to be updated please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information april 2026 russian invasion of ukraine edit main article nuclear threats during the russian invasion of ukraine during the russian invasion of ukraine there was speculation in 2022 about whether russia s president vladimir putin would use a tactical nuclear weapon either against ukraine or in a demonstration strike over unpopulated areas and several members of the russian government have threatened the use of nuclear weapons 43 44 45 on 25 march 2023 president putin announced the stationing of tactical nuclear weapons in belarus russia would maintain control of the weapons as of may 2023 update the weapons are a small number of iskander missile warheads russia planned to finish a storage facility for tactical nuclear weapons by july 1 president putin told russian state television there is nothing unusual here either firstly the united states has been doing this for decades they have long deployed their tactical nuclear weapons on the territory of their allied countries 46 in december 2023 belarusian president alexander lukashenko announced that the nuclear weapons deliveries were completed that october 47 48 in may 2024 putin announced that russia would be holding drills with tactical nuclear weapons days after responding to comments from senior western officials 49 2025 india pakistan crisis edit main article 2025 india pakistan crisis between 23 april and 10 may 2025 a crisis emerged between india and pakistan sparked by the killing of 26 tourists by the militants in kashmir on 9 may after days of sharply escalating cross border air strikes prime minister shehbaz sharif convened pakistan s national command authority the governmental body responsible for decisions regarding its nuclear weapons capabilities 50 analysts have since identified the move as an example of nuclear signaling leveraging pakistan s implicit tnw strategy to communicate within the crisis 51 in popular culture edit tactical nuclear weapons comprise a gameplay mechanic within the call of duty franchise in which a player can earn a tactical nuke strike call in which ends the round with a win for the user 52 tactical nuclear weapons serve as the macguffin in tom clancy s 1991 novel the sum of all fears as an israeli tnw is misplaced and the material from it is later repurposed by terrorists to construct a crude fission bomb citation needed see also edit list of nuclear weapons strategic nuclear weapon neutron bomb nuclear strategy references edit kristensen hans m may 2012 non strategic nuclear weapons pdf federation of american scientists archived pdf from the original on may 2 2023 retrieved october 26 2013 1 2 facini andrew september 19 2024 the nuclear weapon systems project the council on strategic risks retrieved april 12 2026 schumann anna may 25 2016 fact sheet united states non strategic nuclear weapons center for arms control and non proliferation retrieved april 12 2026 2023 report on the status of tactical nonstrategic nuclear weapons negotiations united states department of state retrieved april 12 2026 kristensen hans m july 15 2024 north korean nuclear weapons 2024 bulletin of the atomic scientists 80 4 251 271 via taylor francis kristensen hans m march 12 2025 chinese nuclear weapons 2025 bulletin of the atomic scientists 81 2 135 160 via taylor francis kristensen hans m january 17 2022 israeli nuclear weapons 2021 bulletin of the atomic scientists 78 1 38 50 via taylor francis india and pakistan center for arms control and non proliferation retrieved april 12 2026 brian alexander alistair millar ed 2003 tactical nuclear weapons emergent threats in an evolving security environment 1 ed washington dc brassey s p 7 isbn 978 1 57488 585 9 retrieved march 22 2011 rathbun nina srinivasan september 28 2022 what are tactical nuclear weapons an international security expert explains and assesses what they mean for the war in ukraine the conversation retrieved july 30 2023 parthemore christine september 18 2024 paint the b 52s brightly reducing confusion between conventional and nuclear weapons is essential war on the rocks retrieved april 13 2026 sandia national laboratory information research division 1967 history of mark 4 bomb pfeiffer nuclear weapons and national security archive retrieved april 11 2026 grier peter june 2016 the first offset pdf air force magazine 55 60 podvig pavel 2001 russian strategic nuclear forces mit press p 8 isbn 9780262281706 cite book cs1 maint date and year link norris robert s 2013 the british nuclear stockpile 1953 2013 www tandfonline com doi 10 1177 0096340213493260 retrieved april 12 2026 grant rebecca june 24 2016 the second offset air space forces magazine retrieved april 11 2026 koch susan j september 2012 the presidential nuclear initiatives of 1991 1992 pdf center for the study of weapons of mass destruction national defense university pugwash meeting no 270 workshop on tactical nuclear weapons archived from the original on august 16 2002 walker john r march 2019 a history of the united kingdom s we 177 nuclear weapons programme pdf the british american security information council basic 1 2 facini andrew october 2025 the consequences of tactical nuclear weapons use a foresight approach to weapons effects and response pathways the council on strategic risks narang vipin march 29 2018 india s nuclear strategy twenty years later from reluctance to maturation india review 17 159 179 krepon michael april 2015 deterrence instability and nuclear weapons in south asia pdf the stimson center diepen vann h van january 30 2026 assessing north korea s five year effort to develop 13 new nuclear and missile systems 38 north informed analysis of north korea 38 north retrieved april 12 2026 woolf amy f march 7 2022 nonstrategic nuclear weapons report congressional research service retrieved april 11 2026 watanabe takeshi august 6 2024 north korea s doctrine of nuclear preemption pdf national institute for defense studies starchak maxim january 21 2026 russia s latest weapons have left strategic stability on the brink of collapse carnegie endowment for international peace retrieved april 12 2026 nikolai n sokov march 13 2013 why russia calls a limited nuclear strike de escalation bulletin of the atomic scientists archived from the original on november 11 2014 elbridge colby february 26 2016 the role of nuclear weapons in the u s russian relationship carnegie endowment for international peace archived from the original on august 19 2016 fink anya l january 8 2026 nuclear armed sea launched cruise missile slcm n www congress gov retrieved april 11 2026 kristensen hans october 14 2024 nato tactical nuclear weapons exercise and base upgrades federation of american scientists retrieved april 12 2026 kristensen hans b61 lep increasing nato nuclear capability and precision low yield strikes archived april 1 2013 at the wayback machine fas 15 june 2011 mcquarrie nathan august 22 2025 why china has not acted on western warnings to disentangle conventional and nuclear missile capabilities bulletin of the atomic scientists retrieved april 12 2026 khan herman 1960 on thermonuclear war princeton university press isbn 9781412815598 cite book isbn date incompatibility help cs1 maint date and year link sood rakesh august 4 2023 nuclear signaling the need for new guard rails asia pacific leadership network www apln network retrieved april 12 2026 williams heather mackenzie lachlan april 3 2025 why does the united states need a more flexible nuclear force center for strategic and international studies not a good idea american nukes in south korea thediplomat com retrieved july 30 2023 dill catherine august 2023 ending tactical nuclear weapons a brief history and a path forward the council on strategic risks patchen martin april 1988 resolving disputes between nations coercion or conciliation duke university press p 254 isbn 978 0 8223 0819 5 retrieved december 30 2010 tannenwald nina limited tactical nuclear weapons would be catastrophic scientific american retrieved april 12 2026 post daniel r february 9 2024 escalating to de escalate with nuclear weapons research shows it s a particularly bad idea bulletin of the atomic scientists retrieved april 12 2026 langewiesche william december 2 2024 the secret pentagon war game that offers a stark warning for our times the new york times issn 0362 4331 retrieved april 12 2026 pettyjohn stacie dennis hannah avoiding the brink cnas retrieved april 12 2026 ukraine war could russia use tactical nuclear weapons bbc news 24 september 2022 would vladimir putin let russia lose in ukraine before using his nuclear weapons archived september 29 2022 at the wayback machine grid september 21 2022 this is not a bluff putin raises specter of nuclear weapons following battlefield losses time september 21 2022 gregory james march 25 2023 putin russia to station nuclear weapons in belarus bbc news retrieved july 6 2025 msn www msn com retrieved january 6 2024 wilmington fox december 27 2023 belarus claims to have received tactical nuclear weapons from ally russia fox wilmington wsfx tv foxwilmington com retrieved january 6 2024 russia announces nuclear weapon drills after angry exchange with senior western officials apnews com retrieved may 6 2024 pakistan pm calls meeting of body that oversees nuclear arsenal says pakistan military reuters may 9 2025 clary christopher july 8 2025 analysis of the 2025 india pakistan crisis the stimson center retrieved april 11 2026 gilliam ryan april 23 2020 call of duty player s whole team quits still manages to nuke enemy team polygon com retrieved april 12 2026 external links edit wikimedia commons has media related to tactical nuclear weapons crs report for congress authority control databases national united states israel other yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title tactical_nuclear_weapon oldid 1374860916 category tactical nuclear weapons hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata use mdy dates from december 2022 cs1 maint date and year webarchive template wayback links cs1 errors isbn date wikipedia articles in need of updating from april 2026 all wikipedia articles in need of updating articles containing potentially dated statements from may 2023 all articles containing potentially dated statements all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from may 2026 commons link is locally defined articles containing video clips this page was last edited on 14 september 2026 at 13 42 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia 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