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30325e, தேர்த்துகள், tērttugaḷ, 357511466188800000000, நுண்மணல், nuṇmaṇal, 3575114661888000000, veḷḷam, 59585244364800000, 67827e, குரல்வளைப்படி, kuralvaḷaippiḍi, 1489631109120000, 71307e, கதிர்முனை, katirmunai, 74481555456000, 34261e, சிந்தை, sintai, 5320111104000, 87966e, நாகவிந்தம், nāgavintam, 312947712000, 19542e, விந்தம், vintam, 44706816000, 23680e, பாகம், 7451136000, 34208e, பந்தம், pantam, 1490227200, 71039e, குணம், 165580800, 03935e, 23654400, 22754e, மும்மி, 2150400, 65030e, இம்மி, 102400, 76563e, கீழ்முந்திரி, 56250e, கீழொருமா, 95313e, 3200, 12500e, 2500, 0004, 6875e, mummā, 85938e, மூன்று, mūndru, 1600, 000625, nalumā, 8125e, 640, 0015625, கீழரை, kīḻarai, 00234375, 003125, 160, 00625, 009375, 0125, 015625, kaal, 025, அரைமா, araimā, 03125, அரைவீசம், araivīsam, 0375, முக்காணி, mukkāṇi, 046875, முக்கால்வீசம், ஒருமா, 0625, மாகாணி, mākāṇi, mummaa, 1875, மும்மாகாணி, called, mukkhani, mummākāṇi, nālumā, அரை, ஒன்று, onru, malaysian, elaborates, mahayugam, texts, elaborate, 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ciṟu, poḻutugaḷ, சிறுபொழுதுகள், nāḷ, நாள், hours, ciṟupoḻutu, hour, kaṇangaḷ, கணங்கள், tuḷigaḷ, துளிகள், aṇukkaḷ, அணுக்கள், tuḷi, துளி, second, adult, heart, beat, noḍigaḷ, நொடிகள், māttiraigaḷ, மாத்திரைகள், bubble, travel, distance, miygaḷ, மிய்கள், ciṟṟuḻi, noḍi, சிற்றுழி, நொடி, māttirai, மாத்திரை, young, eyes, blink, miy, மிய், there, several, similarities, between, studies, reveal, existence, vedic, suggest, possibilities, mathematicians, keeḻadi, have, persisted, not, confused, dollar, ground, both, measure, land, been, relegated, measuring, sold, streets, sandanam, garland, molam, spanned, distances, volumes, weight, well, while, modern, uses, some, especially, still, today, metric, parts, without, proper, misplaced, vowels, conjuncts, instead, question, marks, boxes, rendering, contains, discuss, transliterated, phonetic, transcriptions, why, multilingual, templates, 639, ipa, langx, lang, specify, its, claims, made, statements, consisting, only, removed, inline, citations, 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Text of the page (random words):
cient trade toggle units of ancient trade subsection 3 1 balance weights 3 2 grain volume 3 3 fluid volume 3 4 length 4 whole numbers 5 fractions 6 currency 7 divisions of a day 8 seasons 9 see also 10 references 11 sources toggle the table of contents tamil units of measurement 2 languages हिन्दी தமிழ் edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia system of measurements traditionally used in ancient tamil speaking south india this article has multiple issues please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page learn how and when to remove these messages this article may contain original research please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations statements consisting only of original research should be removed september 2007 learn how and when to remove this message this article should specify the language of its non english content using lang or langx transliteration for transliterated languages and ipa for phonetic transcriptions with an appropriate iso 639 code wikipedia s multilingual support templates may also be used see why april 2019 learn how and when to remove this message this article contains indic text without proper rendering support you may see question marks or boxes misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of indic text the tamil units of measurement are a system of measurements that was traditionally used in ancient tamil speaking parts of south india these ancient measurement systems spanned systems of counting distances volumes time weight as well as tools used to do so while modern india uses the metric system some of these older measurement systems especially those of counting are still used today other units that have persisted are those of area the ma not to be confused with the dollar cent and the ground both used to measure land and the molam which has been relegated to measuring the length of a sandanam garland sold on streets there are several similarities between the measurement system used in tamil nadu and that used by the indus valley civilisation excavation studies from keeḻadi reveal existence of an older non vedic civilisation in tamil nadu 1 and suggest possibilities of ancient indian mathematicians in tamil nadu 2 clarification needed units of time edit tamil units of time from smallest to largest unit divisions equivalent notes 1 குழிகள் kuḻigaḷ none 6 2 3 milliseconds 1 கண்ணிமைகள் kaṇṇimaigaḷ none 62 5 milliseconds 1 மிய் miy 10 குழிகள் kuḻigaḷ 66 2 3 milliseconds the time taken by the young human eyes to blink once 1 கைநொடி kainoḍi 2 கண்ணிமைகள் kaṇṇimaigaḷ 0 125 seconds 1 மாத்திரை māttirai 2 கைநொடி kainoḍi 0 25 seconds 1 சிற்றுழி நொடி ciṟṟuḻi noḍi 6 மிய்கள் miygaḷ 0 4 seconds the time taken for a bubble a to travel a distance of 1 சாண் cāṇ 1 குறு kuṟu 2 மாத்திரைகள் māttiraigaḷ 0 5 seconds 1 வினாடி viṉāḍi 2 நொடிகள் noḍigaḷ 0 8 seconds the time taken by the adult human heart to beat once 1 உயிர் uyir 2 குறு kuṟu 1 second 1 சாணிகம் cāṇigam 2 உயிர் uyir 2 seconds 1 அணு aṇu 2 சாணிகம் cāṇigam 4 seconds 1 துளி tuḷi 6 அணுக்கள் aṇukkaḷ 24 seconds 1 நாழிகை வினாடி nāḻigai viṉāḍi 1 கணம் kaṇam 10 துளிகள் tuḷigaḷ 4 minutes 1 நாழிகை nāḻigai 6 கணங்கள் kaṇangaḷ 24 minutes 1 சாமம் cāmam 15 கணம் kaṇam 1 hour 1 சிறுபொழுது ciṟupoḻutu 4 சாமம் cāmam 4 hours 1 நாள் nāḷ 6 சிறுபொழுதுகள் ciṟu poḻutugaḷ 1 day 1 வாரம் vāram 7 நாட்கள் nāṭkaḷ 1 week 1 அழுவம் aḻuvaluvamam 15 நாட்கள் nāṭkaḷ 15 days 1 திங்கள் tingaḷ none 1 lunar month 1 பெரும்பொழுது perum poḻutu 2 திங்கள் tingaḷ 2 lunar months 1 ஆண்டு āṇdu 6 பெரும்பொழுது perum poḻutu 1 year 1 வட்டம் vaṭṭam 64 ஆண்டுகள் āṇdukaḷ 64 years 1 cycle 1 ஊழி ūḻi 64 வட்டம் vaṭṭam 4 096 years 1 epoch notes edit a created by blowing air through a bamboo tube into a vessel 1 சாண் cāṇ high full of water units of area edit units of area measurement from smallest to largest unit divisions equivalent notes 1 தாக்கு thakku none 7 56 square feet 1 sq கஜம் kajam 5 242 of a cent 1 வீசம் vīsam 36 square feet 1 குழி kuḻi 4 வீசம் vīsam 144 square feet 1 perch none 0 625 cents in jaffna sri lanka 1 lacham 12 kulies contradictory 4 1 6 cents in paddy culture clarification needed 1 parappu 10 perches 6 25 cents in jaffna sri lanka 1 lacham 18 kulies contradictory in varaku culture clarification needed 1 மரக்கால் விதைப்பது marakkaḷ vitaippatu none 8 cents area required for planting rice 1 குறுணி kuṟuṇi 1 பதக்கு patakku 2 மரக்கால் விதைப்பது marakkaḷ vitaippatu or 2 குறுணி kuṟuṇi 16 cents 1 முக்குறுணி mukkuṟuṇi 3 மரக்கால் விதைப்பது marakkaḷ vitaippatu or 3 குறுணி kuṟuṇi 24 cents 1 மா mā 100 குழி kuḻi 1 600 square yards 1 காணி kāṇi 4 மா mā 6 400 square yards 1 வேலி vēļi 5 காணி kāṇi 32 000 square yards none 16 parappu 1 acre in jaffna sri lanka 16 lachams in varaku culture clarification needed 24 lachams in paddy culture clarification needed units of ancient trade edit balance weights edit this section needs expansion you can help by adding missing information june 2025 gold weights unit divisions equivalent notes 1 நல் எடை nel eḍai none 1 குன்றிமணி kuṉṟimaṇi 4 நல் எடை nel eḍai 1 மஞ்சாடி māñcāḍi 2 குன்றிமணி kuṉṟimaṇi 1 பணவெடை paṇaveḍai 1 கழஞ்சு kaḻañcu 5 பணவெடை paṇaveḍai 1 வராகனெடை varāgaṉeḍai 8 பணவெடை paṇaveḍai 1 கஃசு kaqhsu 4 கழஞ்சு kaḻañcu 1 பலம் 4 கஃசு kaqhsu product weights unit divisions equivalent notes 1 varāgaṉeḍai 32 kuṉṟimaṇi 1 palam 10 varāgaṉeḍai 1 veesai 40 palam 1 tulām 6 veesai 1 maṇangu 8 veesai 1 kā 25 veesai 1 pāram 20 maṇangu grain volume edit 1 kuṇam smallest unit of volume 9 kuṇam 1 mummi 11 mummi 1 aṇu 7 aṇu 1 immi 7 immi 1 uminel 1 sittigai 7 uminel 360 nel 1 sevidu 5 sevidu 1 āḻākku 2 āḻākku 1 uḻakku 2 uḻakku 1 uri 2 uri 1 padi 8 padi 1 marakkaal kuṟuṇi 2 marakkāl kuṟuṇi 1 padakku 2 padakku 1 tōṇi 3 tōṇi 1 kalam 96 padi 5 marakkāl 1 paṟai 80 paṟai 1 karisai 96 padi 1 pothi mōdai 21 marakkal 1 kottai 22 mākāni 100 g 1 padi 1800 avarai pods 12 800 miḷagu seeds 14 400 nel grains 14 800 payaṟu grains 38 000 arisi grains 115 200 sesame ellu seeds fluid volume edit 5 sevidu 1 āḻākku 2 mahani 1 āḻākku arai kal padi 2 āḻākku 1 uḻakku kal padi 2 uḻakku 1 uri arai padi 2 uri 1 padi 4 padi 1 marakkaal 2 marakkāl kuṟuṇi 1 padakku 2 padakku 1 tōṇi 21 marakkal 1 kottai length edit 1 koan 115 8953125 picometre 10 koan 1 nunnanu 0 1158953125 nanometre 10 nunnanu 1 aṇu atom 1 158953125 nanometre 8 aṇu 1 kadirtugal 9 271625 nanometre 8 kadirtugal 1 tusumbu 74 173 nanometre 8 tusumbu 1 mayirnuni 0 593384 micrometre 8 mayirnuni 1 nunnmanal 4 74707 micrometre 8 nunnmanal 1 siru kadugu 37 976563 micrometre 8 siru kadugu 1 yel 303 8125 micrometre or 0 3038125 millimetre 8 yel 1 nel 2 4305 millimetre 8 nel 1 viral 8 8 aṇu atom 1 9444 centimetre 12 viral 1 sāṇ 100 immi 23 3333 centimetre 9 inch 2 sāṇ 1 muḻam 46 6666 centimetre 1 5 feet 2 sāṇ 1 muḻam 2 muḻam 1 yard 3 feet 1 yard 2 yard yaar 1 pāgam 110 pāgam 1 furlong 8 furlong 1 mile 5 furlong 1 kilometre or 1000 metre 625 pāgam 1 kādam 5000 sāṇ 1166 66 metres 1 167 kilometre whole numbers edit the following are the traditional numbers of the ancient tamil country tamilakam rank 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 9 10 12 10 15 10 18 10 20 10 21 words பத்து நூறு ஆயிரம் பத்தாயிரம் நூறாயிரம் மெய்யிரம் தொள்ளுண் ஈகியம் நெளை இளஞ்சி வெள்ளம் ஆம்பல் character reading pathu nūru āyiram pattāyiram nūraiyiram meiyyiram tollun īkiyam neļai iļañci veļļam āmpal tamil texts also elaborate the following sanskritized version 1 ondru one 10 0 10 patu ten 10 1 100 nōru hundred 10 2 1 000 āyiram one thousand 10 3 10 000 patāyiram ten thousand 10 4 1 00 000 latcham hundred thousand 10 5 10 00 000 pathu latcham one million 10 6 1 00 00 000 kodi ten million 10 7 10 00 00 000 pathu kodi hundred million 10 8 1 00 00 00 000 arputam one billion 10 9 10 00 00 00 000 patu arputam ten billion 10 10 1 00 00 00 00 000 nigarputam hundred billion 10 11 10 00 00 00 00 000 patu nigarputam one trillion 10 12 1 00 00 00 00 00 000 kumbam ten trillion 10 13 10 00 00 00 00 00 000 patu kumbam hundred trillion 10 14 1 00 00 00 00 00 00 000 ganam one quadrillion 10 15 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 000 pathu ganam ten quadrillion 10 16 1 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000 karpam hundred quadrillion 10 17 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000 patu karpam one quintillion 10 18 1 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000 nikarpam ten quintillion 10 19 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000 patu nikarpam hundred quintillion 10 20 1 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000 patumam one sextillion 10 21 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000 patu patumam ten sextillion 10 22 1 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000 sanggam hundred sextillion 10 23 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000 patu sanggam one septillion 10 24 1 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000 vellam ten septillion 10 25 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000 patu vellam hundred septillion 10 26 1 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000 anniyam one octillion 10 27 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000 patu anniyam ten octillion 10 28 1 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000 arttam hundred octillion 10 29 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000 pathu arttam one nonillion 10 30 1 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000 pararttam ten nonillion 10 31 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000 patu pararttam hundred nonillion 10 32 1 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000 pōriyam one decillion 10 33 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000 patu pōriyam ten decillion 10 34 1 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000 mukkodi hundred decillion 10 35 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000 patu mukkodi one undecillion 10 36 1 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000 mahayugam ten undecillion 10 37 malaysian text elaborates the following version 1 ondru one 10 0 10 patu ten 10 1 100 nōru hundred 10 2 1 000 āyiram one thousand 10 3 10 000 patāyiram ten thousand 10 4 100 000 latcham hundred thousand 10 5 1 000 000 patu latcham one million 10 6 10 000 000 kodi ten million 10 7 100 000 000 patu kodi hundred million 10 8 1 000 000 000 nōru kodi one billion 10 9 fractions edit 1 ஒன்று onru 3 4 0 75 முக்கால் mukkāl 1 2 0 5 அரை arai 1 4 0 25 கால் kāl 1 5 0 2 நாலுமா nālumā 3 16 0 1875 மும்மாகாணி mummākāṇi this is called as mukkhani 3 20 0 15 மும்மா mummaa 1 8 0 125 அரைக்கால் araikkāl 1 10 0 1 இருமா irumā 1 16 0 0625 மாகாணி வீசம் mākāṇi vīsam 1 20 0 05 ஒருமா orumā 3 64 0 046875 முக்கால்வீசம் mukkāl vīsam 3 80 0 0375 முக்காணி mukkāṇi 1 32 0 03125 அரைவீசம் araivīsam 1 40 0 025 அரைமா araimā 1 64 0 015625 கால் வீசம் kaal vīsam 1 80 0 0125 காணி kāṇi 3 320 0 009375 அரைக்காணி முந்திரி araikkāṇi muntiri 1 160 0 00625 அரைக்காணி araikkāṇi 1 320 0 003125 முந்திரி muntiri 3 1280 0 00234375 கீழ் முக்கால் kīḻ mukkal 1 640 0 0015625 கீழரை kīḻarai 1 1280 7 8125e 04 கீழ் கால் kīḻ kāl 1 1600 0 000625 கீழ் நாலுமா kīḻ nalumā 3 5120 5 85938e 04 கீழ் மூன்று வீசம் kīḻ mūndru vīsam 3 6400 4 6875e 04 கீழ் மும்மா kīḻ mummā 1 2500 0 0004 கீழ் அரைக்கால் kīḻ araikkāl 1 3200 3 12500e 04 கீழ் இருமா kīḻ irumā 1 5120 1 95313e 04 கீழ் வீசம் kīḻ vīsam 1 6400 1 56250e 04 கீழொருமா kīḻ orumā 1 102400 9 76563e 06 கீழ்முந்திரி kīḻ muntiri 1 2150400 4 65030e 07 இம்மி immi 1 23654400 4 22754e 08 மும்மி mummi 1 165580800 6 03935e 09 அணு aṇu 1 1490227200 6 71039e 10 குணம் kuṇam 1 7451136000 1 34208e 10 பந்தம் pantam 1 44706816000 2 23680e 11 பாகம் pāgam 1 312947712000 3 19542e 12 விந்தம் vintam 1 5320111104000 1 87966e 13 நாகவிந்தம் nāgavintam 1 74481555456000 1 34261e 14 சிந்தை sintai 1 1489631109120000 6 71307e 16 கதிர்முனை katirmunai 1 59585244364800000 1 67827e 17 குரல்வளைப்படி kuralvaḷaippiḍi 1 3575114661888000000 2 79711e 19 வெள்ளம் veḷḷam 1 357511466188800000000 2 79711e 21 நுண்மணல் nuṇmaṇal 1 2323824530227200000000 4 30325e 22 தேர்த்துகள் tērttugaḷ currency edit 1 pal wooden discs sea shellots approximately 0 9 grain 8 or 10 base 8 paṟkaḷ 1 senkāṇi copper bronze 7 2 grains misinterpretted by roman accounts as 10 base 10 parkal 9 grains 1 4 senkāṇi 1 kālkāṇi copper 1 8 grains misinterpretted by roman accounts as 2 25 grains 64 or 100 base 8 paṟkaḷ 1 kaanap pon aka kāsu panam gold 57 6 grains 1 roman dinarium was traded on par with 2 kāṇappon plus 1 senkāṇi 124 grains 18 ana 2 85 rupee 16 ana 1 rupee 1 ana 3 tuṭu 1 4 ana 3 4 mukkal tuṭu divisions of a day edit சிறுபொழுது daily 1 மாலை mālai 6 pm 10 pm 2 இடையாமம் iḍaiyāmam 10 pm 2 am 3 வைகறை vaikaṟai 2 am 6 am 4 காலை kālai 6 am 10 am 5 நண்பகல் naṇpagal 10 am 2 pm 6 எற்பாடு eṟpāḍu 2 pm 6 pm seasons edit the tamil year in keeping with the old indic calendar is divided into six seasons each of which lasts two months season in tamil transliteration english translation season in sanskrit season in english tamil months gregorian months இளவேனில் ila venil light warmth vasanta spring chittirai vaikāsi mid apr mid jun முதுவேனில் mudhu venil harsh warmth grishma summer āni ādi mid jun mid aug கார் kār dark clouds rain varsha monsoon āvaṇi puraṭṭāsi mid aug mid oct குளிர் kulir chill cold sharada autumn aippasi kārtikai mid oct mid dec முன்பனி mun pani early mist dew hemanta winter mārgaḻi tai mid dec mid feb பின்பனி pin pani late mist dew sishira prevernal māsi panguni mid feb mid apr see also edit tamil calendar references edit keezhadi excavation sivaganga district retrieved 13 july 2020 issac anna 19 september 2019 major discovery in tamil nadu s keezhadi a possible link to indus valley civilisation the news minute heverlee belgium the news minute retrieved 28 january 2020 sources edit 3 https tvaraj com 2012 03 06 fractions used by ancient tamils tamil measurements archived 4 october 2008 at the wayback machine retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title tamil_units_of_measurement oldid 1326247363 categories tamils obsolete units of measurement systems of units economic history of tamil nadu hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata articles that may contain original research from september 2007 all articles that may contain original research pages with non english text lacking appropriate markup and no iso hint pages with non english text lacking appropriate markup from april 2019 articles with multiple maintenance issues use dmy dates from july 2020 use indian english from july 2020 all wikipedia articles written in indian english wikipedia articles needing clarification from january 2020 articles containing tamil language text all self contradictory articles self contradictory articles from june 2025 wikipedia articles needing clarification from june 2025 articles to be expanded from june 2025 all articles to be expanded webarchive template wayback links this page was last edited on 7 december 2025 at 23 23 utc page was rendered with 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