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jews of tarnów 2 4 2 holocaust resistance 2 4 3 property restoration 2 5 post war period 3 geography toggle geography subsection 3 1 climate 4 economy 5 transport 6 politics 7 tourism 8 attractions 9 education 10 sports 11 religion 12 international relations toggle international relations subsection 12 1 twin towns sister cities 13 notable people 14 see also 15 references 16 note 17 external links toggle the table of contents tarnów 67 languages aragonés العربية مصرى asturianu беларуская тарашкевіца беларуская български català cebuano čeština kaszëbsczi dansk deutsch ελληνικά esperanto español eesti euskara فارسی suomi français עברית hrvatski magyar հայերեն bahasa indonesia italiano 日本語 jawa ქართული 한국어 limburgs lietuvių latviešu мокшень bahasa melayu plattdüütsch nederlands norsk nynorsk norsk bokmål ирон polski português runa simi română русский русиньскый srpskohrvatski српскохрватски simple english slovenčina slovenščina српски srpski svenska ślůnski ไทย türkçe татарча tatarça українська اردو tiếng việt winaray 吴语 მარგალური ייִדיש 閩南語 bân lâm gí 粵語 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikivoyage wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide coordinates 50 00 45 n 20 59 19 e 50 01250 n 20 98861 e 50 01250 20 98861 from wikipedia the free encyclopedia city in lesser poland voivodeship poland for other places with the same name see tarnow city county in lesser poland voivodeship poland tarnów city county from top left to right tarnów town hall tarnów cathedral general józef bem mausoleum railway station historic townhouses flag coat of arms interactive map of tarnów map credit tarnów location within poland coordinates 50 00 45 n 20 59 19 e 50 01250 n 20 98861 e 50 01250 20 98861 country poland voivodeship lesser poland county city county city rights 7 march 1330 government city mayor jakub kwaśny ipl area city county 72 4 km 2 28 0 sq mi highest elevation 384 1 m 1 260 ft population 31 december 2021 city county 105 922 35th 2 density 1 460 km 2 3 790 sq mi metro 269 000 time zone utc 1 cet summer dst utc 2 cest postal code 33 100 to 33 110 area code 48 14 car plates kt website http www tarnow pl historical population year pop 1950 37 405 1960 70 835 89 4 1970 85 929 21 3 1980 105 109 22 3 1990 121 216 15 3 2000 120 822 0 3 2010 114 635 5 1 2020 107 498 6 2 source 3 tarnów polish pronunciation ˈtarnuf ⓘ is a city in southeastern poland with 105 922 inhabitants 2 and a metropolitan area population of 269 000 inhabitants 4 the city is situated in the lesser poland voivodeship it is a major rail junction located on the strategic east west connection from lviv to kraków and two additional lines one of which links the city with the slovak border tarnów is known for its traditional polish architecture which was influenced by people that lived in the area most notably poles germans and austrians 5 the old town featuring 16th century tenements houses and defensive walls has been preserved tarnów is also the warmest city of poland with the highest long term mean annual temperature in the whole country 6 companies headquartered in the city include poland s largest chemical industry company grupa azoty and defence industry company zmt the city is currently subdivided into 16 districts and is a member of the association of polish cities związek miast polskich 7 names and etymology edit see also names of tarnów in different languages the first documented mention of the settlement dates back to 1105 spelled as tharnow the name later evolved to tarnowo 1229 tarnów 1327 and tharnow 1473 8 the place name tarnów is widely used in different forms across slavic europe and lands which used to be inhabited by slavs such as eastern germany hungary and northern greece there is a german town tarnow greek tyrnavos also spelled as tirnovo czech trnov bulgarian veliko tarnovo and malko tarnovo slovak trnava as well as different trnovos trnowos in slovenia serbia bosnia and north macedonia the name tarnów comes from an early slavic word trn tarn which means thorn or an area covered by thorny plants history edit already in the mid 9th century on the tarnów s st martin mount góra sw marcina 2 5 kilometers from the centre of today s city a slavic gord was established probably by the vistulans due to efforts of local archaeologists we know that the size of the gord was almost 16 hectares and it was surrounded by a rampart the settlement was probably destroyed in the 1030s or the 1050s during either a popular rebellion against christianity see baptism of poland or czech invasion of lesser poland in the mid 11th century a new gord was established on the biała river it was a royal property which in the late 11th or early 12th century was handed over to the tyniec benedictine abbey the name tarnów with a different spelling was for the first time mentioned in a document of papal legate cardinal gilles de paris 1124 8 the first documented mention of tarnów occurs in the year 1309 when a list of miracles of kinga of poland specifies a woman named marta who was resident of the settlement in 1327 a knight named spicymir leliwa coat of arms purchased a village of tarnów wielki and three years later founded his own private town on 7 march 1330 king władysław i the elbow high granted magdeburg rights to tarnów one year later construction of a castle on the st martin hill was completed by castellan of kraków spycimir leliwita of leliwa coat of arms its ruins can still be seen 9 tarnów remained in the hands of the leliwa family out of which in the 15th century the tarnowski family emerged in the 14th century numerous german settlers immigrated from kraków and nowy sącz see walddeutsche ostsiedlung during the 17th century scottish immigrants began to come in large numbers in 1528 the exiled king of hungary jános szapolyai lived in the town 10 the town prospered during the polish golden age when it belonged to hetman jan tarnowski 1488 1561 in the mid 16th century its population was app 1 200 with 200 houses located within town s defensive wall the wall itself had been built in the mid 15th century and expanded in the early 16th century in 1467 the waterworks and sewage systems were completed with large cisterns filled with drinking water built in the main market square in the 16th century during the period known as the polish golden age tarnów had a school a synagogue a calvinist prayer house roman catholic churches and up to twelve guilds polish lithuanian commonwealth edit tarnów cathedral features one of the finest renaissance and mannerist tomb monuments in poland 11 after the death of jan tarnowski 16 may 1561 italian sculptor jan maria padovano began creating one of the most beautiful examples of renaissance headstones in the polish lithuanian commonwealth the monument of hetman tarnowski is almost 14 meters tall and stands in st anne chapel which is located in northern nave of the tarnów cathedral padovano completed his work in 1573 furthermore he designed the renaissance town hall and oversaw its remodelling in the 1560s at that time in 28 niches of the town hall were portraits of members of the tarnowski family from spicymir leliwita to jan krzysztof tarnowski who died in 1567 in 1570 tarnów became property of the ostrogski family after zofia tarnowska the daughter of the hetman married prince konstanty wasyl ostrogski in 1588 after konstanty s death the town changed hands several times belonging to different families which slowed its development until the partitions of poland tarnów belonged to the county of pilzno sandomierz voivodeship the town like almost all locations of lesser poland was devastated in october 1655 during the swedish invasion of poland and as a result its population declined from 2 000 to 768 in 1723 the town became the property of the sanguszko family which purchased it from the lubomirski family habsburg empire edit market square in tarnów in 1800 painting by zygmunt vogel after the first partition of poland 1772 tarnów was annexed by the habsburg empire as part of the new kingdom of galicia and lodomeria and remained in austrian galicia until late 1918 austrian subjugation brought changes as the town ceased to be private property became the seat of a county german kreis and of the roman catholic diocese of tarnów 1783 on 14 march 1794 józef bem was born in tarnów in the 1830s under the influence of events in congress kingdom of poland see november uprising tarnów emerged as a center of polish conspiratorial organizations plans for a national uprising in galicia failed in early 1846 when local peasants began murdering the nobility in the galician slaughter the massacre led by jakub szela born in smarżowa began on 18 february 1846 szela s peasant units surrounded and attacked manor houses and settlements located in three counties sanok jasło and tarnów according to austrians the revolt got out of hand and the austrians had to put it down as they were subjugating a previously free people tarnów went through the period of quick development in the second half of the 19th century due to the program of construction of the railway system in 1852 the town received rail connection with kraków due to the galician railway of archduke charles louis and in 1870 its population was 21 779 in 1878 gas lighting was introduced and three years later the first daily newspaper appeared in 1888 the diocese museum was founded by rev jozef baba and in 1910 tarnów received modern waterworks a power plant and a new complex of the main rail station the city remained a hotspot of polish conspirational activities with up to 20 of all members of the polish legions in world war i coming from tarnów and its area on 10 november 1914 units of the russian imperial army captured tarnów and remained in the city until 6 may 1915 see gorlice tarnów offensive in the early stages of the offensive tarnów was shelled by german austrian heavy artillery which brought destruction to some of its districts second polish republic edit landscape plan of the city of tarnow 1931 tarnów was one of the first polish cities to be freed during the rebirth of poland following world war i the polish legions liberated the city on the night of 30 31 october 1918 in the second polish republic tarnów belonged to kraków voivodeship and gave the newly established country many outstanding figures such as franciszek latinik and wincenty witos in early 1927 construction of a large chemical plant was initiated in the suburban village of świerczków pl which is now a part of the industrial borough of mościce a district of the city before the outbreak of world war ii the population of tarnów was 40 000 of which almost half were jewish on 28 august 1939 a german nazi saboteur conducted the tarnów rail station bomb attack killing 20 civilians and wounding 35 four days before the invasion of poland by nazi germany and the outbreak of world war ii in europe 12 world war ii edit first transport of polish captives deported from tarnów to auschwitz concentration camp during german ab aktion in poland june 1940 during the german invasion of poland the city was overrun by the german forces on 7 september 1939 under german occupation tarnów was incorporated into the general government territory as the seat of the kreishauptmanschaft tarnow administrative unit in the kraków district on 26 october 1939 in september 1939 the einsatzgruppe i entered the city to commit atrocities against poles and the einsatzgruppe zbv entered to take over the polish industry 13 poles expelled in december 1939 from various places in german annexed western poland were deported in freight trains to tarnów 14 on 14 june 1940 the first mass transport left the tarnów station to auschwitz concentration camp with 728 polish political prisoners 15 including at least 67 underage boys 16 all throughout the german occupation of poland tarnów was an important center of the armia krajowa ak and other resistance organizations in mid 1944 ak s 16th infantry regiment barbara took part in operation tempest after the warsaw uprising in october 1944 the germans deported 3 000 varsovians from the dulag 121 camp in pruszków where they were initially imprisoned to tarnów 17 those poles were mainly old people ill people and women with children 17 the wehrmacht retreated from tarnów on 18 january 1945 and the city was captured by the red army and then restored to poland the jews of tarnów edit remaining bimah of the old synagogue of tarnów before world war ii about 25 000 jews lived in tarnów 18 jews whose recorded presence in the town went back to the mid 15th century comprised about half of the town s total population a large portion of jewish business in tarnów was devoted to garment and hat manufacturing the jewish community was ideologically diverse and included religious hasidim secular zionists and many more 19 immediately following the german occupation of the city on 8 september 1939 the persecution of the jews began german units burned down most of the city s synagogues on 9 september and drafted jews for forced labor projects 18 tarnów was incorporated into the generalgouvernement many tarnów jews fled to the east while a large influx of refugees from elsewhere in occupied poland continued to increase the town s jewish population in early november the germans ordered the establishment of a jewish council judenrat to transmit orders and regulations to the jewish community among the duties of the jewish council were enforcement of special taxation on the community and providing workers for forced labor 19 jewish men humiliated and tortured by german policemen during 1941 life for the jews of tarnów became increasingly precarious 18 the germans imposed a large collective fine on the community jews were required to hand in their valuables roundups for labor became more frequent and killings became more commonplace and arbitrary deportations from tarnów began in june 1942 when about 13 500 jews were sent to the belzec extermination camp the first major act in the extermination of the jews of tarnów was the so called first operation from 11 19 june 1942 the germans gathered thousands of jews in the rynek market place and then they were tortured and killed during this time period on the streets of the town and in the jewish cemetery about 3 000 jews were shot in the woods of zbylitowska góra a few kilometers away from tarnów a further 7 000 were murdered 20 according to a document from michal borawski born in 1926 featured at the entry of the bimah as part of the panel offered by the batory foundation the street stairs małe schody or little stairs from the town center to the bernardynski street where the bernardine monastery is located had to b...