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country first in the middle east in terms of number 6 7 8 as of 2020 70 million iranians are using high speed mobile internet citation needed iran is among the first five countries which have had a growth rate of over 20 percent and the highest level of development in telecommunications 9 iran has been awarded the unesco special certificate for providing telecommunication services to rural areas by the end of 2009 iran s telecommunications market was the fourth largest market in the region at 9 2 billion and is expected to grow to 12 9 billion by 2014 at a cagr of 6 9 percent 10 according to the electronic journal on information systems in developing countries ejisdc the information and communications technology ict sector had a 1 1 1 3 share of gdp in 2002 about 150 000 people are employed in the ict sector including around 20 000 in the software industry 11 there were 1 200 registered information technology it companies in 2002 200 of which were involved in software development software exports stood around 50 million in 2008 12 between 2009 and 2020 the telecommunications market more than doubled 13 overview edit see also demographics of iran the government runs the broadcast media which includes three national radio stations and two national television networks as well as dozens of local radio and television stations in 2000 there were 252 radios 158 television sets 219 telephone lines and 110 personal computers for every 1 000 residents computers for home use became more affordable in the mid 1990s and since then demand for access to the internet has increased rapidly in 1998 the ministry of posts and telecommunications renamed the ministry of information communication technology began selling internet accounts to the general public in 2006 the iranian telecom industry s revenues were estimated at 1 2 billion 14 by the end of 2009 iran s telecommunications market was the fourth largest market in the region at 9 2 billion and is expected to grow to 12 9 billion by 2014 at a cagr of 6 9 percent 10 the fourth five year economic development plan has proposed the following key benchmarks for 2010 36 million fixed lines 50 penetration rate for mobile phones establishment of reliable rural ict connections and 30 million internet users given the recent developments of the industry the objectives are very likely to be achieved 8 according to one report 15 iran has seen above average growth specially in mobile subscriber numbers mobile data services are available but account for a small proportion of total data consumption in 2014 some telecom parameters of 2012 2014 are as below subscribers to telecoms services 2012 2014 millions sector 2012 2014 broadband 3 1 4 5 fixed line telephony 28 8 29 3 mobile phone 58 2 61 2 more than 23 million iranians have access to the internet and over 45 million own mobile phones 2009 10 citizens use text messages to communicate with friends and browse the internet which the government controls in terms of access and speed for a multiplicity of purposes blogging is also immensely popular 16 iran telecoms and technology forecast market profile 17 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 est 2007 est telephone main lines 000 12 888 15 341 16 342 18 985 19 934 20 300 telephone main lines per 100 population 19 1 22 6 23 8 27 3 28 4 28 6 mobile subscribers 000 2 410 3 449 4 271 7 222 7 583 17 799 mobile subscribers per 100 population 3 6 5 1 6 2 10 4 10 8 25 1 internet users 000 3 168 4 800 5 500 7 000 7 350 7 718 internet users per 100 population 4 7 7 1 8 0 10 1 10 5 10 9 personal computers stock per 1 000 population 75 91 105 105 110 116 pricing 2008 18 item price us telephone charge per local call from home 3 mins av 0 01 personal computer 512 mb ram av 1 326 telecom proposed budget fy 2017 19 sector estimated value ministry of communications and information technology and affiliated agencies 80 1 million national center for cyberspace 1 2 million iran space agency 4 6 million nin and telecom infrastructure 190 million radio transmissions creating competitive markets 120 million e government e content for nin 80 million infrastructure major cyberspace projects 26 5 million computer game development 0 9 million press edit see also media of iran the press in iran is privately and government owned and reflects a diversity of political and social views a special court has authority to monitor the print media and may suspend publication or revoke the licenses of papers or journals that a jury finds guilty of publishing anti religious material slander or information detrimental to the national interest since the late 1990s the court has shut down many pro reform newspapers and other periodicals most iranian newspapers are published in persian but newspapers in english and other languages also exist the most widely circulated periodicals are based in tehrān popular daily and weekly newspapers include ettelaat kayhan resalat iran daily and the tehran times iran daily and tehran times are both english language papers 20 satellite edit see also iranian space agency and iran electronics industries since the 1970s there have been a number of proposals for a state owned communications satellite called zohreh en venus from 1993 onwards 21 22 the planned satellite would have similar capabilities to a commercially produced western satellite while such capabilities are already provided through leases owned by the iranian telecommunications sector an agreement was signed between iran and russia in 2005 to develop the satellite with a planned launch date of 2007 23 but the launch has been postponed until at least 2009 set to follow actual construction of the satellite 24 telephone edit the telephone system is inadequate but being modernized and expanded with the goal of not only improving the efficiency and increasing the volume of the urban service but also bringing telephone service to several thousand villages that are not connected now 7 domestic edit as a result of heavy investing in the telephone system since 1994 thousands of mobile cellular subscribers are being served moreover the technical level of the system has been raised by the installation of thousands of digital switches iran s telecommunication network enjoys the highest growth rate in the middle east one of the indicators that clearly illustrates this growth rate is the increase in the number of installed main lines in 1978 there were only about 850 000 fixed lines installed in iran this number rose to about 1 767 000 by 1986 and to about 2 380 000 by 1989 one of the objectives of the first five year development plan 1989 1994 for the telecommunication sector was to add one million new fixed lines to the network however due to the establishment and expansion of many low capacity and high capacity exchanges the actual growth rate that was achieved was considerably higher in fact more than 3 1 million new main lines were installed during the period of the first five year plan four million new lines were expected to be added by the end of the second five year plan 1994 1999 which would increase the number of installed main lines to about 9 510 000 fixed lines iran s telecom market which generated an estimated 9 1 billion in 2010 of which 2 3 from voice mobile phone and 1 10 from data mobile phone services has been growing significantly especially its mobile phone business as of 2010 iran had about 66 million mobile phone subscribers covering about 70 of the population in contrast about 36 of iranians had fixed line phones 25 landlines edit 24 8 million 2008 with a penetration rate of 34 7 30 6 million 2017 26 mobile phone edit see also list of mobile network operators of the middle east and africa mobile 123 7 million jan 2019 27 80 85 million end of 2012 est 5 68 million sep 2011 28 35 million early 2008 29 and 4 3 million in 2004 the bulk of mobile subscriptions in iran are made up of prepaid users 5 as of 2014 75 of the cell phones in the market were smuggled into the country since 2018 mobile registry scheme in iran has been deployed to combat smuggling of mobile phones 30 penetration rate 91 2 as of september 2011 28 130 as of february 2012 31 smartphone owners 12 million 2014 est 32 30 million 2015 33 47 million 2016 mostly samsung and huawei models 34 short text messages iranians send 80 million sms per day nov 2008 35 operators edit major mobile operators as of 2008 mobile telecommunication company of iran mci hamrahe aval with 70 market share mtn irancell 28 and emirates telecommunications corp etisalat who won a license for 300 million euros in december 2008 36 37 etisalat has been replaced by an iranian consortium and operates under the name rightel the two national operators mobile telecommunication company of iran and mtn irancell both offer gprs based data services 38 recently when a new lte mobile broadband service provider called aptel has started its work in iran citation needed as of 2011 major foreign supplier to iran s mobile phone networks are huawei of china along telefon ab l m and nokia siemens networks a joint venture between nokia and siemens 25 as of 2016 france s orange and u k s vodafone through hiweb ir are also developing mobile it in iran citation needed 3g network edit abu dhabi based etisalat and tamin telecom the telecommunications investment arm of iran s social security and pensions department will gain exclusive rights for two years to offer second and third generation services 3g in iran 2008 assuming a minimum network investment of 4 billion etisalat can gain about 20 percent to 25 market share over five years of its operations by 2013 39 in 2009 it was announced that etisalat however failed to secure the right to be iran s exclusive 3g operator for two years 38 later tamin telecom announced that idro and imam khomeini decree center have replaced etisalat because of contractual disagreements citation needed in 2011 tamin telecom revealed plans to cover 60 percent of the population with its 2g network and 40 percent with its 3g network by 2014 40 4g network edit as of 2020 4g lte population coverage in iran has reached around 90 the government is preparing regulations for 5g deployment and aims to launch services in the next couple of years 5g network in 2021 irancell and mci launched 5g networks in iran in 2025 most major cities in iran have 5g internet support 41 international edit as of 2010 international connection services are provided exclusively by infrastructure company of iran a fully owned subsidiary of tci 42 submarine fiber optic cable to uae with access to fiber optic link around the globe flag trans asia europe tae fiber optic line runs from azerbaijan through the northern portion of iran to turkmenistan with expansion to georgia and azerbaijan hf radio and microwave radio relay to turkey azerbaijan pakistan afghanistan turkmenistan syria kuwait tajikistan and uzbekistan satellite earth stations 13 9 intelsat and 4 inmarsat 2007 43 apart from iran kuwait submarine communications cable network iran is launching an optical fiber channel and a submarine communications cable in the persian gulf the next program is to connect the country with global optical fiber networks from northern and northwestern borders citation needed radio and television edit see also islamic republic of iran broadcasting television in iran and list of persian language television channels radio broadcast stations am 72 fm 5 shortwave 5 1998 7 number of radios 22 million 2005 television broadcast stations 29 plus 450 repeaters 1997 7 number of television sets 15 million 2007 est although formally illegal the use of satellite television receivers in urban areas is widespread over 30 percent of iranians watch satellite channels 44 since 2015 iran is domestically manufacturing dvb t 6 000w digital transmitters 45 internet edit further information internet censorship in iran 2016 iran household internet access 46 internet access 61 3 no internet access 33 7 undeclared 5 00 in 1993 iran became the second country in the middle east to be connected to the internet and since then the government has made significant efforts to improve the nation s ict infrastructure 2 iran s national internet connectivity infrastructure is based on two major networks the public switched telephone network pstn and the public data network the pstn provides a connection for end users to internet service providers isps over mostly digital lines and supports modem based connections the data communication company of iran dci a subsidiary of tci operates the public data network iran s external internet links use the basic internet protocol of tcp ip transmission control protocol internet protocol via satellite exclusively for data lines copper fiber satellite and microwave are the available media and popular services are high speed internet via digital subscriber lines dsl high bandwidth lease lines and satellite about 33 iranian cities are connected directly by the trans asia europe cable network or silk road connecting china to europe 2 according to the statistical center of iran 13 5 million households i e 55 5 of all iranians have access to the internet 2016 of this number 7 million households have access to fixed high speed internet connection and 10 7 million households have access to wireless high speed internet 47 in 2016 64 8 of urban households and 36 1 of rural households had access to computers at their home 47 as of 2020 mobile broadband coverage had exceeded 91 percent in iran citation needed since 2005 the iranian government has been developing its national information network to tighten its control over content as well as increasing speed 48 the project which is separate from the world wide web will be completed by 2017 49 50 this network will be separated from the rest of the internet specifically for domestic use creating such a network similar to one used by north korea would prevent unwanted information from outside of iran getting into the closed system such as with an intranet network myanmar and cuba also use similar systems 51 iran has announced that all government ministries and state bodies will be available through the secure national information network nin 52 the current internet services will not be replaced by the national information network or clean internet as it is called in order to protect the privacy of iranian internet users a number of non governmental organizations are currently developing domestic search engines that people can use through the nin 53 iranian officials have accused u s based technology companies such as google twitter and microsoft of working in tandem with u s authorities to spy on iranian online trends search behavior social networking sites and e mail these companies have denied those allegations despite nsa leaks 54 as of 2013 90 of all of internet traffic is being routed to hosts outside the country 55 iran said it set a world record of 46 in online participation using nin during the national census in...