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of hudson as an automaker in 1922 1 declining sales of the essex combined with the growing economic pressure and suffering from the effects of the great depression forced hudson to replace the essex with a re designed automobile with a lower manufacturing cost and selling price roy d chapin decided to repeat the successful strategy in 1932 by producing a very light car in the bottom price class a vehicle which would combine style comfort and reliability 1 although it was daring to launch a car during the great depression chapin was convinced that the terraplane name would have great public appeal as it also linked with the public interest in aviation that was so prevalent at that time 1 the terraplane contributed greatly to hudson motor s sales during the depression in the 1930s sales of the terraplane outpaced hudson vehicles in the late mid 1930s and it is said that hudson management was not fond of that fact and that was partly why they chose to eliminate the car as a make one unique feature was duo automatic brakes 2 terraplanes had two brake systems hydraulic and mechanical should the hydraulic brakes fail i e the brake line had a leak in it the mechanical brakes would be used to stop the car 3 the most memorable sales slogan of the terraplane years came from 1933 on the sea that s aquaplaning in the air that s aeroplaning but on the land in the traffic on the hills hot diggity dog that s terraplaning 4 5 1932 edit the new essex terraplane was launched on july 21 1932 with such sensational vigor that accounts of the affair appeared in newspapers throughout the united states 1 the special event included over 2 000 dealers who came from 40 states to detroit hudson also had famous aviator amelia earhart helping to introduce the first essex terraplane 6 7 it was a small but powerful car with a steel frame built to exacting standards which is possibly why orville wright purchased one of the first essex terraplanes for himself 8 the 1932 model bore a slight resemblance to its essex predecessors the 1932 model had just the name essex on the radiator ornament but the 1933 models had the name essex terraplane on the radiator ornament in 1932 only the model k on the 106 inch 2 692 mm wheelbase with a 193 cu in 3 2 l 6 cylinder engine was available 1933 edit the essex terraplanes were available in all the common u s automobile body styles for 1933 offerings were expanded the model k was retained a model ku 6 cylinder on 113 in 2 870 mm wheelbase was added also a model kt with a 244 cu in 4 0 l straight 8 cylinder was offered on the 113 inch wheelbase there were standard and deluxe trim levels for the ku and kt a limited selection of light commercial vehicles was offered starting in 1933 only the 1933 essex terraplanes were made with an optional eight cylinder engine the hudson had the identical basic engine but with earlier style updraft carburetor carried over and a displacement of 254 cu in 4 2 l due to a larger cylinder bore than the essex terraplane eight the terraplane eight engines featured more efficient downdraft carburetion both engines had the same crankshaft and stroke the 1933 essex terraplane 8 cylinder cars were believed to have the highest horsepower to weight ratio of any production automobiles in the world and were favored by several gangsters of the day particularly john dillinger baby face nelson and john paul chase for their lightness acceleration handling and discreet appearance the essex terraplane eight was distinguished by having vent doors on the hood as opposed to all six cylinder versions that had stamped hood louvers a 1933 terraplane 8 convertible coupe set a record for the race to the summit of mount washington that remained unbroken for over twenty years essex terraplanes participated in innumerable record events around the united states and some others around the world setting dozens of records at many venues their particular strength was in hillclimbs period road tests showed 0 60 mph in 14 4 seconds and 10 60 mph in top gear in 18 seconds 1934 edit for 1934 the word essex was dropped and the car became the terraplane the cars were slightly heavier and rarely joined competitive events particularly as they now lacked the eight cylinder powerplant the name terraplane remained constant through the 1937 model year by 1936 terraplane commercial cars were produced in larger numbers 1938 edit in 1938 knowing they were going to drop the terraplane hudson management chose to phase out the terraplane name similarly to how it had been introduced and the 1938 cars were named hudson terraplanes concurrently for the 1938 model year hudson offered a model 112 which was virtually indistinguishable in equipment from the hudson terraplane but on a shorter 112 in 2 845 mm wheelbase and with a smaller engine the terraplane did not have an ammeter or an oil pressure gauge 9 price for a terraplane in 1938 was about us 900 20 585 in 2025 dollars 10 1938 terraplane 4 door sedan terraplane convertible new 1938 terraplane with mullins red cap trailer international markets edit hudson vehicles were assembled in other countries under license the british sounding names of hudson and essex had made them popular in countries of the commonwealth and thus terraplanes also were built outside the u s in canada england australia new zealand and south africa in low volume australia edit 1934 terraplane queensland ambulance transport brigade australian law in the early 20th century made it impractical to import a fully assembled car and thus main bodies were built by local vehicle body builders over an imported chassis in a few cases these bodies included styles not available in the u s market such as tourers u s equivalent phaeton and coupe utilities the australian car based pickup truck in 1915 the sydney branch of dalgety co ltd became the distributor of hudson and essex vehicles as well as other marques for new south wales 11 from 1922 sydney company smith waddington built vehicle bodies for dalgety and other companies 12 smith waddington built the majority of the early terraplane bodies with some also built by sydney coach builder g h olding sons 13 in february 1934 ruskins body works of west melbourne secured the contract to build hudson and terraplane bodies for the whole of australia 14 in june 1937 neal s motors celebrated assembling its 30 000th automobile a 1937 hudson terraplane 15 new zealand edit 1937 hudson terraplane coupe new zealand 1938 hudson terraplane convertible new zealand hudson and essex vehicles were imported into new zealand by dominion motors of wellington which began operations in 1912 after dominion motors amalgamated with universal motor company of christchurch in 1919 16 the company added other marques from the united states and britain vehicles including terraplanes were assembled in house from knock down kits for south island hudson and essex vehicles were imported by w g vining limited of nelson beginning in 1912 other u s and european brands were added and after the business was sold on 30 september 1927 vining s son formed a new business p vining scott and continued the hudson and essex franchise 17 18 from 1935 hudson and terraplane vehicles along with nash studebaker and standard were assembled by christchurch company motor assemblies limited production of all other marques ended when the company was acquired by standard triumph international in 1954 19 united kingdom edit 1937 terraplane sedan following the first world war hudsons and essex vehicles were sold through ten concessionaires in 1922 hudson essex motors of great britain limited was formed with new premises on dordrecht road in acton vale 20 in 1926 a factory was built on 4½ acres of ground on the recently opened great west road in brentford 21 the plant opened in 1927 and a year later a three story building was built as a service department for hudson and essex vehicles the factory assembled the vehicle chassis locally but the bodies were imported as complete units from detroit from 1932 the bodies came over from the united states in sections to be assembled at the great west road factory after the essex marque was retired in 1932 the british company was renamed hudson motors ltd 22 hudson s new terraplane model was equally as popular in the u k as it was in the united states english designed and built bodies were built on the terraplane frames and the cars were even entered in a number of races including the monte carlo rally some of the cars entered were driven by personnel from the great west road factory the team award was won by two terraplane tourers and a terraplane saloon in the 1933 scottish rally 23 british railton cars edit 1934 railton terraplane at brooklands museum the terraplane 8 cylinder chassis and engine was also used in the british railton automobiles for their initial production year 1933 the 1934 light sports tourer used a lightweight open four seater body and mildly modified engine it achieved 0 60 mph in 8 8 seconds a sensational time pre war and a top speed of 107 mph on the 3 3 1 rear axle the engine was so flexible that it could be driven in circles on full lock in top gear without snatching numerous coach builders constructed railton bodies for the terraplane and later hudson chassis railton cars continued to be built on 1934 hudson 8 and later hudson 6 and 8 cylinder chassis through 1939 the company was bought by hudson in 1939 see also edit hudson utility coupe terraplane blues a 1936 blues song recorded by robert johnson notes edit 1 2 3 4 long john cuthbert hyde charles k 2004 roy d chapin the man behind the hudson motor car company wayne state university press p 225 isbn 978 0 8143 3184 2 retrieved february 12 2014 hudson 1936 how what why oldcarbrochures com retrieved february 12 2014 hudson 1936 how what why oldcarbrochures com retrieved february 12 2014 hedgbeth llewellyn auto biography hudson terraplane secondchancegarage com retrieved february 12 2014 piersol richard june 14 2012 fun cars on a roll in lincoln lincoln journal star retrieved february 12 2014 hyde charles k 2009 storied independent automakers wayne state university press isbn 978 0 8143 3446 1 california police recover stolen terraplane once owned by amelia earhart hagerty media march 1 2018 archived from the original on february 20 2021 letter amelia earhart to orville wright august 6 1932 the library of congress the wilbur and orville wright papers archived from the original on february 3 2010 retrieved february 12 2014 hudson 1935 terraplane special owners manual oldcarbrochures com retrieved february 12 2014 1634 1699 mccusker j j 1997 how much is that in real money a historical price index for use as a deflator of money values in the economy of the united states addenda et corrigenda pdf american antiquarian society 1700 1799 mccusker j j 1992 how much is that in real money a historical price index for use as a deflator of money values in the economy of the united states pdf american antiquarian society 1800 present federal reserve bank of minneapolis consumer price index estimate 1800 retrieved february 29 2024 catalogue dalgety co ltd motor cars 1912 museums victoria collections dunn john c 2006 comeng 1 1921 to 1955 isbn 9781877058424 hudson terraplanes local bodies in fortnight the herald melbourne vic 1861 1954 11 jun 1934 trove ruskin s big contracts terraplane and hudson bodies the herald melbourne vic 1861 1954 5 feb 1934 trove melbourne plant s 30 000th car the horsham times vic 1882 1954 25 jun 1937 trove a powerful company press volume lv issue 16515 10 june 1919 page 7 vinings in the motor industry www theprow org nz early nelson motoring the vining family nzetc w d rose development options in the new zealand motor car assembly industry research paper 16 nzier 1971 hudson essex motors graces guide www gracesguide co uk the great west road then now brentford chiswick local history society brentfordandchiswicklhs org uk retrieved august 5 2019 fragments on forgotten makes motor sport magazine archive motor sport magazine july 7 2014 retrieved august 5 2019 60 years of the terraplane motor sport magazine archive motor sport magazine july 7 2014 retrieved august 5 2019 references edit terraplane flying by land automobile quarterly 39 1 64 79 may 1999 external links edit wikimedia commons has media related to terraplane vehicles terraplane history at secondchancegarage com hudson essex terraplane club essex terraplane six 1933 owner s manual of information at project gutenberg v t e automotive industry in the united states automotive industry economy of the united states transportation in the united states vehicle manufacturers and brands current list agco challenger tractor massey ferguson am general anteros coachworks amp electric vehicles arcimoto armour group atk motorcycles autocar blue bird callaway cars caterpillar inc czinger chenowth racing products environmental performance vehicles equus automotive forest river champion bus collins eldorado national glaval bus starcraft bus ford lincoln svt general dynamics land systems general motors buick cadillac cadillac v series chevrolet chevrolet performance gmc gillig growler manufacturing and engineering harley davidson ingersoll rand club car hdt global hme international motors ic bus john deere karma automotive laffite lenco industries lockheed martin lucid motors mack trucks millennium luxury coaches morgan olson motor coach industries oshkosh pierce paccar kenworth peterbilt panoz phoenix motorcars polaris global electric motorcars indian victory rev group fleetwood holiday rambler laymor wheeled coach rezvani motors rivian scuderia cameron glickenhaus ssc north america superformance telo tesla textron arctic cat e z go cushman trans tech ultimaster via motors vlf automotive xos inc zero motorcycles foreign subsidiaries bmw daimler truck 1 freightliner thomas western star honda acura hyundai motor group hyundai kia isuzu mazda mercedes benz mitsubishi nissan infiniti seres group seres stellantis 1 chrysler dodge jeep ram subaru toyota toyota motor engineering manufacturing volkswagen group defunct former 2 allis chalmers american austin american electric american motors hudson essex terraplane nash rambler armor armored auburn aurica autoette avanti avery bmc boulder electric vehicle canoo carbon motors corporation checker motors corporation clydesdale motor truck company coda 2 commonwealth cord case cnh global cycle scoot daimler truck american lafrance daimler buses sterling delorean diamond star duesenberg durant flint locomobile mason rugby star eagle bus excalibur fiberfab fitch four drive fisker automotive fisker coachbuild force protection ford continental edsel mercury fmc 2 general motors cartercar elmore gm diesel geo lasalle marquette mclaughlin oakland oldsmobile pontiac saturn scripps booth sheridan viking yellow coach goshen coach green greentech grumman henney international harvester jeffery kaiser frazer allstate frazer henry j kaiser...