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1 1943 robert c richardson jr 1943 1944 democratic revolution of 1954 edit main article hawaii democratic revolution of 1954 the democratic revolution of 1954 was a nonviolent revolution consisting of general strikes protests and other acts of civil disobedience the revolution culminated in the territorial elections of 1954 where the dominance of the hawaii republican party in the legislature came to an abrupt end as it was voted out of office to be replaced by members of the democratic party of hawaii hawaii 7 edit during the years leading up to the ousting of the republican party cold war fears brewed and the u s was in the middle of the second red scare the fbi employed the smith act toward the ilwu and communist party of hawaii arresting those who would become known as the hawaii 7 on august 28 1951 in synchronized raids at 6 30 that morning they were convicted in a two year long trial the hawaii 7 were eventually released in 1958 28 29 jack hall john reinecke koji ariyoshi jack kimoto jim freeman charles fujimoto eileen fujimoto statehood edit the first congressional bill for hawaii statehood was proposed in 1919 by kūhiō kalanianaʻole 30 and was based upon the argument that world war i had proved hawaii s loyalty 31 it was ignored and proposals for hawaii statehood were forgotten during the 1920s because the archipelago s rulers believed that sugar planters interests would be better served if hawaii remained a territory 32 following the jones costigan amendment another statehood bill was introduced to the house in may 1935 by samuel wilder king but it did not come to be voted on largely because fdr himself strongly opposed hawaii statehood 33 while solid south democrats who could not accept non white congressmen controlled all the committees 34 hawaii resurrected the campaign in 1940 by placing the statehood question on the ballot two thirds of the electorate in the territory voted in favor of joining the union 35 after world war ii the call for statehood was repeated with even larger support even from some mainland states the reasons for the support of statehood were clear hawaii wanted the ability to elect its own governor hawaii wanted the ability to vote for the u s president hawaii wanted an end to taxation without voting representation in congress hawaii had suffered the first blow of the war hawaii s non white ethnic populations especially the japanese proved their loyalty by having served on the european frontlines hawaii s population consisted of 90 united states citizens most of them native born all islands voted at least 93 percent in favor of admission acts ballot inset and referendum results for the admission act of 1959 a former officer of the honolulu police department john a burns was elected hawaii s delegate to congress in 1956 36 a democrat burns won without the white vote but rather with the overwhelming support of japanese and filipinos in hawaii his election proved pivotal to the statehood movement upon arriving in washington d c burns began making key political maneuvers by winning over allies among congressional leaders and state governors burns most important accomplishment was convincing senate majority leader lyndon b johnson d texas that hawaii was ready to become a state despite the continuing opposition of such deep southerners as james eastland 37 and john sparkman in march 1959 both houses of congress passed the hawaii admission act and us president dwight d eisenhower signed it into law on june 27 1959 a plebiscite was held asking hawaii residents to vote on accepting the statehood bill the plebiscite passed overwhelmingly with 94 3 voting in favor 38 on august 21 church bells throughout honolulu were rung upon the proclamation that hawaii was finally a us state see also edit hawai i portal history portal history of hawaii historic regions of the united states territorial evolution of the united states references edit department of commerce and labor coast and geodetic survey terrestrial magnetism results of magnetic observations made by the coast and geodetic survey between july 1 1905 and june 30 1906 pdf ftp ngdc noaa gov p 119 archived from the original pdf on april 12 2019 department of commerce statistical abstract of the united states page 1 pdf retrieved february 1 2013 https www census gov prod cen2000 phc 3 13 pdf u s census bureau 2003 page iii 1 31 stat 141 an act to provide for the admission of the state of hawaii into the union hawaii state legislature march 18 1959 public law 103 150 wikisource the free online library forstall richard l ed population of the states and counties of the united states 1790 1990 pdf report united states census bureau pp 2 3 retrieved may 18 2020 niklaus r schweizer his hawaiian excellency the overthrow of the hawaiian monarchy and the annexation of hawaii 1994 helena g allen sanford ballard dole hawaii s only president 1844 1926 1988 karsten peter 1971 the nature of influence roosevelt mahan and the concept of sea power american quarterly 23 4 585 600 doi 10 2307 2711707 jstor 2711707 oclc 5545561348 30 stat 750 bonura sandra e 2024 the sugar king of california the life of claus spreckels university of nebraska press pp 107 108 isbn 9781496239099 oclc 1434026116 dan cragg guide to military installations u of illinois press 2000 bertrand m roehner relations between us military forces and the population of hawaii laboratoire de physique théorique et hautes énergies 2014 online julia flynn siler 2012 lost kingdom hawaii s last queen the sugar kings and america s first imperial adventure grove atlantic p 292 isbn 9780802194886 helena g allen sanford ballard dole hawaii s only president 1844 1926 1988 duane p bartholomew richard a hawkins and johnny a lopez hawaii pineapple the rise and fall of an industry hortscience 47 10 2012 1390 1398 online margaret a parkman and jack sawyer dimensions of ethnic intermarriage in hawaii american sociological review 1967 593 607 in jstor lawrence h fuchs hawaii pono hawaii the excellent an ethnic and political history 1961 pp 83 110 robinson jennifer american experience island murder kpbs public media retrieved november 18 2018 the crime that changed the islands www honolulumagazine com archived from the original on november 18 2018 retrieved november 18 2018 soong micheline august 19 2014 asian american society an encyclopedia gale virtual reference library p 454 isbn 978 1 4522 8189 6 robinson greg interview archived november 16 2011 at the wayback machine about his book a tragedy of democracy japanese confinement in north america cup n d retrieved march 9 2012 anthony j garner 1955 hawaii under army rule california stanford university press p 198 isbn 0 8248 0377 9 cite book isbn date incompatibility help anthony j garner 1955 hawaii under army rule california stanford university press p 106 isbn 0 8248 0377 9 cite book isbn date incompatibility help anthony j garner 1955 hawaii under army rule california stanford university press p 96 isbn 0 8248 0377 9 cite book isbn date incompatibility help anthony j garner 1955 hawaii under army rule california stanford university press pp 65 70 isbn 0 8248 0377 9 cite book isbn date incompatibility help dan boylan t michael holmes 2000 john a burns university of hawaii press p 104 9780824822774 michael holmes 1994 the specter of communism in hawaii university of hawaii press p 104 9780824815509 congressional quarterly incorporated 1965 congress and the nation 1945 1964 p 411 tabrah ruth m hawaii a history pp 135 136 isbn 0393243699 ogawa dennis m and grant glen kodomo no tame ni for the sake of the children the japanese american experience in hawaii p 234 isbn 0824807308 whitehead john s completing the union alaska hawai i and the battle for statehood p 30 isbn 082633637x thomas g scott the pursuit of the white house a handbook of presidential election statistics and history p 396 isbn 0313257957 hawaii votes to petition for statehood plebiscite shows 39 413 in favor and 19 911 opposed the washington post associated press november 7 1940 p 8 proquest 151232424 democrats win hawaii delegate the washington post november 8 1956 p a25 proquest 148714128 bell roger last among equals hawaiian statehood and american politics pp 134 256 isbn 0824808479 commemorating 50 years of statehood archive lingle hawaii gov state of hawaii march 18 2009 archived from the original on march 21 2014 retrieved march 21 2014 on june 27 1959 a plebiscite was held to allow hawai i residents to ratify the congressional vote for statehood the yes for statehood garnered 94 3 percent 132 773 votes while the no ballots totaled 5 7 percent 7 971 votes further reading edit surveys edit craig robert d historical dictionary of honolulu and hawaiʻi scarecrow press 1998 daws gavan 1968 shoal of time a history of the hawaiian islands university of hawaii press isbn 0 8248 0324 8 fuchs lawrence h hawaii pono hawaii the excellent an ethnic and political history 1961 haley james l captive paradise a history of hawaii st martin s press 2014 kuykendall ralph simpson and arthur grove day hawaii a history from polynesian kingdom to american state prentice hall 1961 wyndette olive islands of destiny a history of hawaii 1968 specialty studies edit allen helena g sanford ballard dole hawaii s only president 1844 1926 1988 bartholomew duane p richard a hawkins and johnny a lopez hawaii pineapple the rise and fall of an industry hortscience 47 10 2012 1390 1398 online beechert edward d working in hawaii a labor history u of hawaii press 1985 401pp brown desoto and anne ellett hawaii goes to war life in hawaii from pearl harbor to peace 1989 chapin helen shaping history the role of newspapers in hawai i university of hawaii press 1996 forbes david w encounters with paradise views of hawaii and its people 1778 1941 honolulu academy of arts 1992 hartwell alfred s the organization of a territorial government for hawaii the yale law journal vol 9 no 3 1899 pp 107 113 jstor hawkins richard a james d dole and the 1932 failure of the hawaiian pineapple company the hawaiian journal of history 2007 vol 41 pp 149 170 imai shiho creating the nisei market race citizenship in hawai i s japanese american consumer culture 2010 jung moon kie reworking race the making of hawaii s interracial labor movement columbia university press 2006 maclennan carol a sovereign sugar industry and environment in hawaii 2014 melendy howard brett and rhoda e a hackler hawaii america s sugar territory 1898 1959 lewiston new york edwin mellen press 1999 melendy howard brett walter francis dillingham 1875 1963 hawaiian entrepreneur and statesman lewiston new york edwin mellen press 1996 melendy h brett the controversial appointment of lucius eugene pinkham hawaii s first democratic governor hawaiian journal of history 1983 vol 17 pp 185 208 parkman margaret a and jack sawyer dimensions of ethnic intermarriage in hawaii american sociological review 1967 593 607 jstor poblete joanne islanders in the empire filipino and puerto rican laborers in hawai i university of illinois press 2014 rohrer judy haoles in hawai i 2010 124pp scholarly survey sumida stephen h and the view from the shore literary traditions of hawai i university of washington press 2015 williams jr ronald race power and the dilemma of democracy hawaii s first territorial legislature 1901 hawaiian journal of history 2015 49 1 pp 1 45 whitehead john s completing the union alaska hawai i and the battle for statehood 2004 primary sources edit thomas h green the papers of major general thomas h green judge advocate general s corps u s army university publications of america 2001 external links edit wikimedia commons has media related to hawaii territory hawaii army museum society morgan report congressional debates on hawaiian organic act matters concerning the hawaiian islands in the 56th congress first session december 4 1899 june 7 1900 photostatic reproductions from the congressional record vol 33 parts 1 8 see also the preceding category republic of hawaii and the succeeding category hawaii v t e territories of the united states organic act organized incorporated territories territorial evolution thirteen colonies u s territorial sovereignty northwest 1787 1803 southwest 1790 1796 mississippi 1798 1817 indiana 1800 1816 orleans 1804 1812 louisiana missouri 1805 1821 michigan 1805 1837 illinois 1809 1818 alabama 1817 1819 arkansas 1819 1836 florida 1822 1845 oklahoma indian territory 1834 1907 panhandle 1850 1890 territory 1890 1907 wisconsin 1836 1848 iowa 1838 1846 oregon 1848 1859 minnesota 1849 1858 new mexico provisional 1846 1850 territory 1850 1912 utah 1850 1896 washington 1853 1889 kansas 1854 1861 nebraska 1854 1867 nevada 1861 1864 colorado 1861 1876 dakota 1861 1889 idaho 1863 1890 arizona 1863 1912 montana 1864 1889 alaska department 1867 1884 district 1884 1912 territory 1912 1959 wyoming 1868 1890 hawaii 1900 1959 unincorporated territories republic of hawaii 1898 1900 guam naval government 1899 1950 philippines military government 1899 1902 insular government 1902 1935 commonwealth 1935 1946 puerto rico military government 1899 1900 insular government 1900 1952 american samoa 1900 present united states virgin islands 1917 present northern mariana islands 1986 present united nations trust territories and other inhabited territories governed by the united states panama canal zone 1903 1999 corn islands 1914 1971 canton and enderbury islands 1939 1979 trust territory of the pacific islands 1947 1994 nanpō islands and marcus island 1952 1968 ryukyu islands and daitō islands 1952 1972 guano islands act claims and other uninhabited islands phoenix islands 1856 1979 roncador bank 1856 1981 serrana bank 1856 1981 baker island 1857 present jarvis island 1858 present johnston atoll 1858 present navassa island 1858 present kingman reef 1860 present swan islands 1863 1972 howland island 1867 present midway atoll 1867 present quita sueño bank 1869 1981 palmyra atoll 1898 present wake island 1899 present category v t e state of hawaii honolulu capital topics outline constitution delegations earthquakes geography seamount government hawaiianization history hurricanes islands kūʻē petitions music native hawaiians ʻōlelo hawaiʻi hawaiian language parks pearl harbor national memorial uss arizona people state symbols tourism transportation unification literature art society hawaiian architecture abortion climate change crime cuisine culture demographics economy education colleges and universities energy gun laws homelessness lgbtq rights folklore media politics sports main islands hawaiʻi kahoʻolawe kauaʻi lānaʻi maui molokaʻi niʻihau oʻahu northwestern islands french frigate shoals gardner kure laysan lisianski maro reef necker nīhoa pearl and hermes notable communities hilo honolulu kahului kailua kona kāneʻohe kapolei kīhei līhuʻe pearl city waipahu counties hawaiʻi honolulu kalawao kauaʻi maui pre statehood history bayonet constitution hawaiian kingdom hawaii admission act hawaii...