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tetzcoco altepetl wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 history toggle history subsection 1 1 palace gardens and canal system 1 2 sacred hill 2 rulers of tetzcoco 3 subsequent history 4 footnotes 5 references 6 external links toggle the table of contents tetzcoco altepetl 19 languages تۆرکجه català čeština español فارسی suomi français hrvatski bahasa indonesia ქართული 한국어 lietuvių norsk bokmål português русский svenska türkçe українська 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide coordinates 19 31 46 n 98 53 48 w 19 5294444444 n 98 8966666667 w 19 5294444444 98 8966666667 from wikipedia the free encyclopedia redirected from texcoco altepetl pre columbian city state for other uses see texcoco this article is about the pre columbian city state for the modern municipality and city see texcoco mexico state for the lake see lake texcoco tetzcoco 1200 1521 glyph the valley of mexico at the time of the spanish conquest showing texcoco in relation to tenochtitlan and other cities in the valley of mexico capital tetzcoco common languages classical nahuatl otomi 1 religion aztec religion with tezcatlipoca being the patron deity government monarchy historical era pre columbian established 1200 spanish conquest of the aztec empire 1521 population pre 1521 2 estimate 24 000 succeeded by new spain tetzcotzingo baths tetzcoco classical nahuatl tetzco h co pronounced tetsˈkoʔko otomi antamäwädehe was a major acolhua altepetl city state in the central mexican plateau region of mesoamerica during the late postclassic period of pre columbian mesoamerican chronology it was situated on the eastern bank of lake texcoco in the valley of mexico to the northeast of the aztec capital tenochtitlan the site of pre columbian tetzcoco is now subsumed by the modern mexican municipio of texcoco and its major settlement the city formally known as texcoco de mora it also lies within the greater metropolitan area of mexico city pre columbian tetzcoco is most noted for its membership in the aztec triple alliance at the time of the spanish conquest of the aztec empire it was one of the largest and most prestigious cities in central mexico second only to the aztec capital tenochtitlan a survey of mesoamerican cities estimated that pre conquest tetzcoco had a population of 24 000 and occupied an area of 450 hectares 3 the people of tetzcoco were called tetzcocatl tet͡sˈkokat͡ɬ singular or tetzcocah tet͡sˈkokaʔ plural history edit tetzcoco was founded in the 12th century on the eastern shore of lake texcoco probably by the chichimecs in or about 1337 the acolhua with tepanec help expelled chichimecs from tetzcoco and tetzcoco became the acolhua capital city taking over that role from coatlinchan in 1418 ixtlilxochitl i the tlatoani ruler of tetzcoco was dethroned by tezozomoc of azcapotzalco ten years later in 1428 ixtlilxochitl s son nezahualcoyotl allied 4 xxxviii with the mexica to defeat tezozomoc s son and successor maxtla tetzcoco and the aztecs of tenochtitlan with the tepanecs of tlacopan subsequently formalized their association as the triple alliance however this was an uneven alliance as tlacopan entered the battle against azcapotzalco late tetzcoco thereby became the second most important city in the eventual aztec empire by agreement receiving two fifths of the tribute collected while tlacopan received one fifth tetzcoco was known as a center of learning within the empire and had a famed library including books from older mesoamerican civilizations greenstone sculpture of a snake from the national museum of anthropology palace gardens and canal system edit erected by the hill of tetzcotzingo the royal residence had aqueducts baths gardens stairways and over 300 separate chambers the palace gardens were a vast botanical collection that included plants from not only the growing aztec empire but also the most remote corners of mesoamerica remnants of the gardens still exist to this day and have recently been studied by a team of discovery channel scientists who were able to demonstrate by means of modeling and computer simulation that the layout of the site had been carefully planned to be in alignment with astronomical events with an emphasis on venus and not simply aligned with the cardinal directions as previously assumed the water used to irrigate the gardens was obtained from the springs beyond the mountains to the east of tetzcoco the water was channeled through canals carved into the rock in certain areas rock staircases were used as waterfalls after clearing the mountains the canals continued downhill to a point a short distance from tetzcotzingo there the path to the city was blocked by a deep canyon that ran from north to south nezahualcoyotl ordered that the gap be filled with tons of rocks and stones thus creating one of the major aqueducts in the new world sacred hill edit the whole hill of tetzcotzingo was also served by this canal system and converted by his designers into a sacred place for the rain god tláloc complete with waterfalls exotic animals and birds on the summit of the mountain he constructed a shrine to the god laid out in hanging gardens reached by an airy flight of five hundred and twenty marble steps a significant number since according to aztec mythology the gods have the opportunity to destroy humanity once every 52 years rulers of tetzcoco edit main article list of rulers of tetzcoco xolotl was said to be the founder of tetzcoco in 1115 ad and reigned until 1232 he was followed by nopaltzin 1232 1263 tlotzin 1263 1298 quinatzin 1298 1357 techotlalatzin 1357 1409 ixlilxochitl 1409 1418 nezahualcoyotl 1420 1472 nezahualpilli 1472 1516 cacama 1517 1519 coanacochtzin 1520 1521 and don fernando ixtlilxochitl 1521 1531 5 nezahualcoyotl as shown in the codex ixtlilxochitl folio 106r painted roughly a century after nezahualcoyotl s death nezahualcoyotl 1403 1472 6 was a noted poet philosopher and patron of the arts he also had a large botanical and zoological garden with specimens of plants and animals from throughout the empire and from the more distant lands with which the empire traded nezahualcoyotl s son nezahualpilli 1464 1515 continued the tradition of patronizing the arts in 1520 the troops of hernán cortés occupied the city and killed cacamatzin nezahualpilli s son and the last independent tlatoani installing ixtlilxochitl ii as a puppet ruler cortés made tetzcoco his base and employed tetzcocan warriors in the siege of tenochtitlan after the fall of tenochtitlan spanish authorities continued to recognize the importance of tetzcoco as a spanish altepetl designating it as one of four urban centers in the valley of mexico as a ciudad city rebranding it te x coco the tetzcoca royal family continued to rule handling succession to the throne in accordance with the traditional aztec patterns of legitimacy in this unique passage of kingship cohorts of brothers inherited the right to rule then sons of the next cohort with claims to inheritance revolving around consanguinean ties to mexica royalty from tenochtitlan 7 alva ixtlilxochitl the immediate tetzcoca heir after the spanish aztec war presided over colonial texcoco as governor until his death in approximately 1550 restall describes the political situation of texcoco in the coming decades as follows when ixtlilxochitl died he was succeeded by three of his brothers don jorge yoyontzin to 1533 don pedro tetlahuehuetzquititzin to 1539 and don antonio pimentel tlahuitolzin to 1545 the latter s nephew and a son of coanacoch don hernando pimentel nezahualcoyotzin would then rule as tlahtoani king and gobernador governor for two decades ixtlilxochitl s postwar rule thus ushered in a return of governmental stability with the succession dispute and lethal warfare and lethal warfare of 1515 1521 a relatively short disruption to the otherwise calm dynastic century and a half from nezahualcoyot through his great grandson pimentel the dynasty would lose control of the city s top political office after that but would persist as a landed aristocracy for centuries tetzcoco s decline as a regional power would likewise be very gradual beginning at the end of the sixteenth century 7 concurrent with these politics was a mass outbreak of smallpox which ravaged texcoco in the few months after the spanish aztec war this outbreak both shortened the tenures of texcoco s last tlahtoanis and sent the city s population into freefall subsequent history edit from 1827 to 1830 texcoco served as the capital of the state of mexico footnotes edit gerhard peter 1993 a guide to the historical geography of new spain rev ed norman university of oklahoma press p 311 isbn 0806125535 smith 2005 p 411 smith 2005 p 411 león portilla m 1992 the broken spears the aztec accounts of the conquest of mexico boston beacon press isbn 978 0807055014 ancient mexico and central america p 450 burkhart louise m nezahualcoyotl c 1402 1472 encyclopedia of latin american history and culture charles scribner s sons retrieved 2026 08 20 1 2 restall matthew 2018 when montezuma met cortes the true story of the meeting that changed history united states ecco p 265 isbn 0062427288 references edit hicks frederic 1982 tetzcoco in the early 16th century the state the city and the calpolli american ethnologist 9 230 249 lee jongsoo galen brokaw eds texcoco prehispanic and colonial perspectives boulder co university press of colorado 2014 offner jerome a 1983 law and politics in aztec texcoco cambridge university press new york smith michael e 2008 aztec city state capitals university press of florida gainesville in press smith michael e 2005 city size in late post classic mesoamerica pdf journal of urban history 31 4 403 434 doi 10 1177 0096144204274396 external links edit in spanish government site with historic and tourist information wikimedia commons has media related to texcoco 19 31 46 n 98 53 48 w 19 5294444444 n 98 8966666667 w 19 5294444444 98 8966666667 retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title tetzcoco_ altepetl oldid 1370675558 categories texcoco altepetl altepetl aztec sites former populated places in mexico texcoco state of mexico valley of mexico populated places established in the 12th century 12th century establishments in north america 1521 disestablishments in north america aztec empire former native american polities 16th century disestablishments in the aztec civilization hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters pages with nahuatl languages ipa articles containing mezquital otomi language text articles with spanish language sources es commons category link is on wikidata pages using gadget wikiminiatlas coordinates on wikidata this page was last edited on 22 august 2026 at 13 06 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile 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