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ill an officer in the texas army and an adviser to sam houston wesley lau as emil sande a corrupt san antonio businessman who attempts to force flaca into marriage chuck roberson as a tennessean one of crockett s volunteers guinn williams as lt irish finn one of bowie s volunteers olive carey as mrs dennison one of the women evacuated from the alamo before the battle jack pennick as sgt lightfoot big john hamilton as bowie s man uncredited ruben padilla as generalissimo antonio miguel lópez de santa anna the dictatorial president of mexico and leader of the army intent on putting down the texas revolution rosita fernández as cantina girl uncredited finis dean smith production edit background edit by 1945 john wayne had decided to make a movie about the 1836 battle of the alamo 4 he hired james edward grant as scriptwriter and the two began researching the battle and preparing a draft script they hired john ford s son patrick who wrote a screenplay about the battle in 1948 5 as a research assistant as the script neared completion however wayne and herbert yates the president of republic pictures clashed over the proposed 3 million budget 6 wayne left republic over the feud but could not take his script with him that script later was rewritten and made into the movie the last command with jim bowie the character of focus 7 wayne and producer robert fellows formed batjac their own production company 7 as wayne developed his vision of what a movie about the alamo should be he concluded he did not want to risk seeing that vision changed he would produce and direct the movie himself though not act in it however he could not enlist financial support for the project without the presumptive box office guarantee his on screen appearance would provide in 1956 he signed with united artists ua contributed 2 5 million to the movie s development and served as distributor in exchange batjac was to contribute an additional 1 5 to 2 5 million and wayne would star in the movie wayne secured the remainder of the financing from wealthy texans who insisted the movie be shot in texas 8 after the movie was finished wayne admitted he invested 1 5 million of his own money in the film taking out second mortgages on his houses and using his vehicles as collateral to obtain loans 5 and believed it was a good investment 9 set edit replica alamo mission used for production the movie set later known as alamo village was constructed near brackettville texas on the ranch of james t shahan chatto rodriquez the general contractor of the set built 14 miles 23 km of tarred roads for access to the set from brackettville his men sank six wells to provide 12 000 gallons 45 4 cubic meters of water each day and laid miles of sewage and water lines they also built 5 000 acres 2 000 ha of horse corrals 10 rodriquez worked with art designer alfred ybarra to create the set historians randy roberts and james olson describe it as the most authentic set in the history of the movies 10 over a million and a quarter adobe bricks were formed by hand to create the walls of the former alamo mission 10 the set was an extensive three quarter scale replica of the mission citation needed and has been used in other western films and television series 5 including other depictions of the battle it took almost two years to construct 5 casting edit wayne was to have portrayed sam houston a bit part that would have let him focus on his first major directing effort but investors insisted he play a leading character he took on the role of davy crockett handing the part of houston to richard boone 11 wayne cast richard widmark as jim bowie and laurence harvey as william barrett travis 10 harvey was chosen because wayne admired british stage actors and he wanted british class when production became tense harvey spoke lines from shakespeare in a texan accent 12 other roles went to family and close friends of wayne including his son patrick wayne and daughter aissa 13 john wayne had made rio bravo 1959 with singer ricky nelson in a supporting role to attract teen audiences it had worked so he hired frankie avalon to perform a similar function according to avalon wayne had seen some of the rushes from timberland and thought i would be right 14 after making the film wayne told the press we re not cutting one bit of any scene in which frankie appears i believe he is the finest young talent i ve seen in a long time 15 mr wayne said i was natural as far as acting goes said avalon 16 avalon s character was fictitious and survived the attack 17 several days after filming began widmark complained he had been miscast and tried to leave among other things it seemed ridiculous that the relatively diminutive 5 ft 9 in 175 cm widmark would be playing the larger than life bowie who was a reported 6 ft 6 in 198 cm after threats of legal action he agreed to finish the picture 18 during the filming he had burt kennedy rewrite his lines 19 avalon says there may have been some conflict with widmark in portraying the role that he did but i didn t see any of that all i know is he was tough to work for without a doubt because he wayne wanted it his way and he wanted professionalism he wanted everybody to know their lines and be on their mark and do what he wanted them to do 20 sammy davis jr asked wayne for the part of a slave for he wanted to break out of performing song and dance some producers blocked the move apparently because davis was dating white actress may britt 12 direction edit wayne s mentor john ford showed up uninvited and attempted to exert undue influence on the film wayne sent him off to shoot unnecessary second unit footage to maintain his own authority virtually nothing of ford s footage was used but ford erroneously is described as an uncredited co director 21 according to many people involved in the film wayne was an intelligent and gifted director despite a weakness for the long winded dialogue of james edward grant his favorite screenwriter 21 roberts and olson describe his direction as competent but not outstanding 22 widmark complained that wayne tried to tell him and other actors how to play their parts which sometimes went against their own interpretation of characters 12 18 filming edit filming began on september 9 1959 some actors notably frankie avalon were intimidated by rattlesnakes crickets were everywhere often ruining shots by jumping on actors shoulders or chirping loudly 18 a bit player lejean ethridge died in a domestic dispute during filming and wayne was called to testify at an inquest harvey forgot that a firing cannon has a recoil during the scene in which as travis he fires in response to a surrender demand the cannon came down on his foot breaking it because he did not scream in pain until after wayne had called cut wayne praised his professionalism 12 filming ended on december 15 a total of 560 000 feet 170 000 meters of film was produced for 566 scenes despite the scope of the filming it lasted only three weeks longer than scheduled by the end of development the film had been edited to three hours and 13 minutes 23 music edit the score composed by dimitri tiomkin is frequently considered his magnum opus and famously featured the song the green leaves of summer with music by tiomkin and lyrics by paul francis webster the song was performed on the soundtrack album by the brothers four whose rendition reached 65 on the billboard hot 100 chart it has been covered by many artists another well known song from this film is ballad of the alamo with paul francis webster which was performed on the soundtrack album by marty robbins 24 frankie avalon released a cover version as did the folk duo bud travis whose rendition with the green leaves of summer on the flip side reached 64 on the billboard chart members of the western writers of america chose it as one of the top 100 western songs of all time 25 the original soundtrack album has been issued on columbia records varèse sarabande and ryko records in 2010 a complete score containing recorded versions of tiomkin s music was issued on tadlow music prometheus records as conducted by nic raine and played by the city of prague philharmonic orchestra this release contains previously unreleased material release edit wayne hired publicist russell birdwell to coordinate the media campaign 26 birdwell convinced seven states to declare an alamo day and sent information to elementary schools around the united states to assist in teaching about the alamo 27 on monday october 24 1960 the world premiere was held at the woodlawn theatre in san antonio texas 28 themes edit historical accuracy edit the film does little to explain the causes of the texas revolution or why the battle took place 29 alamo historian timothy todish claims that there is not a single scene in the alamo which corresponds to a historically verifiable incident one particularly egregious scene has a courier character played by wayne s son patrick report that goliad s col fannin would not provide reinforcements because his troops had been massacred even though that event transpired over two weeks after the fall of the alamo historians james frank dobie and lon tinkle demanded their names be removed as historical advisors 30 politics edit wayne s daughter aissa wrote about her father s project i think making the alamo became my father s own form of combat more than an obsession it was the most intensely personal project in his career 26 many of wayne s associates agreed that the film was a political platform for wayne many of the statements that his character made reflected wayne s anti communist views to be sure there is an overwhelming theme of freedom and the right of individuals to make their own decisions one may point to a scene in which wayne as crockett remarks republic i like the sound of the word means that people can live free talk free go or come buy or sell be drunk or sober however they choose some words give you a feeling republic is one of those words that makes me tight in the throat 26 the film draws elements from the cold war environment in which it was produced according to roberts and olson the script evokes parallels between santa anna s mexico and khruschchev s soviet union as well as hitler s germany all three demanded lines in the sand and resistance to death 26 many of the minor characters at some point during the film speak about freedom and or death and their sentiments may have reflected wayne s own viewpoint critical reception edit though the film had a large box office take its cost kept it from being a success and wayne lost his personal investment he sold his rights to united artists which had released it and it made back its money citation needed critical response was mixed from the new york herald tribune s four star a magnificent job visually and dramatically the alamo is top flight to time magazine s flat as texas 31 at the review aggregator website rotten tomatoes the film has a score of 55 from 22 reviews the consensus summarizes john wayne proves to be less compelling behind the camera than he is before it in the alamo a blustery dramatization of the fort s last stand that feels more like a first draft 32 wayne provided a clip of the film for use in how the west was won 33 despite being anachronistic how the west was won begins in 1839 and the alamo fell in 1836 the clip occurs right before the second segment the plains as spencer tracy narrates the events that led to the united states gaining large amounts of territory from the mexican american war awards and honors edit the alamo was nominated for seven academy awards winning for best sound its successful bid for several oscar nominations over such films as psycho which received four nominations and spartacus which received six was largely due to intense lobbying by producer john wayne 34 the film is thought to have been denied awards because academy voters were alienated by an overblown publicity campaign chill wills campaign for the best supporting actor award was considered tasteless by many including wayne who publicly apologized for wills wills took out an advertisement in the hollywood reporter claiming that we of the alamo cast are praying harder than the real texans prayed for their lives in the alamo for chill wills to win the oscar wayne took out his own advertisement calling the claim untrue and reprehensible and that he was sure that wills intentions were not as bad as his taste 35 wills publicity agent w s bow wow wojciechowicz accepted blame for the ill advised effort claiming that wills had known nothing about it in response to wills s ad claiming that all the voters were his alamo cousins groucho marx took out a small ad which simply said dear mr wills i am delighted to be your cousin but i voted for sal mineo wills s rival nominee for exodus 36 award category nominee s result academy awards 37 best motion picture john wayne nominated best supporting actor chill wills nominated best cinematography color william h clothier nominated best film editing stuart gilmore nominated best music score of a dramatic or comedy picture dimitri tiomkin nominated best song the green leaves of summer music by dimitri tiomkin lyrics by paul francis webster nominated best sound gordon e sawyer and fred hynes won golden globe awards best original score motion picture dimitri tiomkin won international film music critics awards best archival release of an existing score dimitri tiomkin nic raine james fitzpatrick luc van de ven frank k dewald and ginko digi nominated laurel awards top action drama won top action performance john wayne won top male supporting performance chill wills nominated top musical score dimitri tiomkin won national board of review awards top ten films 2nd place western heritage awards western heritage award for theatrical motion picture won alternate versions edit the alamo premiered at its 70 mm roadshow length of 202 minutes including overture intermission and exit music but the negative was severely cut for wide release ua re edited it to 167 minutes the 202 minute version was believed lost until bob bryden a canadian fan realized he had seen the full version in the 1970s he and alamo collector ashley ward discovered the last known surviving print of the 70 mm premiere version in toronto 38 in pristine condition mgm ua s sister studio used this print to make a digital video transfer of the roadshow version for vhs and laserdisc release the print was taken apart and deteriorated in storage by 2007 it was unavailable in any useful form mgm used the shorter general release version for subsequent dvd releases at present the only existing version of the original uncut roadshow release is in the form of a 720p digital file combining an hd upconversion of a standard definition 480i digital video of the deleted scenes with an hd transfer of the general release version that version was released on a koch blu ray released only in germany the 480i laserdisc transf...