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rge 6 december 1648 but on the last and gravest of the questions at issue he set himself in deliberate and open opposition to the policy of the officers he was placed at the head of the judges who were to try the king and attended the preliminary sitting of the court but absented himself after this the most likely explanation is that when he saw that they were serious about intending to execute the king he declined to have anything to do with this 22 in calling over the court when the crier pronounced the name of fairfax it is said that his wife anne fairfax shouted from the gallery that he had more wit than to be there later when the court said that they were acting for all the good people of england she shouted no nor the hundredth part of them this resulted in an investigation and anne was asked or required to leave the court 23 22 it was said that anne could not forbear as bulstrode whitelocke says to exclaim aloud against the proceedings of the high court of justice 20 in february 1649 fairfax was elected member of parliament for cirencester in the rump parliament 24 anne was later approached to intercede on the king s behalf to prevent his execution 23 lead bust of thomas fairfax c 1650 national portrait gallery london fairfax s last service as commander in chief was the suppression of the leveller mutiny at burford in may 1649 he had given his adhesion to the new order of things and had been reappointed lord general but he merely administered the affairs of the army when in 1650 scots covenanter kirk party eventually declared for charles ii and the council of state resolved to send an army to scotland in order to prevent an invasion of england fairfax resigned his commission cromwell desired to see him continue as commander in chief as did those planning the war but fairfax could not support the war cromwell was appointed his successor captain general and commander in chief of all the forces raised or to be raised at authority of parliament within the commonwealth of england 20 interregnum edit during the commonwealth of england in 1654 fairfax was elected mp for the newly created constituency of west riding in the first protectorate parliament 24 he received a pension of 5 000 a year and lived in retirement at his yorkshire home of nunappleton until after the death of the lord protector in 1658 nunappleton and fairfax s retirement there as well as his personality are the subject of andrew marvell s country house poem upon appleton house the troubles of the later commonwealth recalled lord fairfax to political activity and in 1659 he was elected mp for yorkshire in the third protectorate parliament 24 restoration edit sir thomas fairfax knight line engraving 1680 national portrait gallery london for the last time fairfax s appearance in arms helped to shape the future of the country when george monck invited him to assist in the operations about to be undertaken against john lambert s army in december 1659 he appeared at the head of a body of yorkshire gentlemen and such was the influence of fairfax s name and reputation that 1 200 horse quit lambert s colours and joined him this was speedily followed by the breaking up of all lambert s forces and that day secured the restoration of the monarchy for these actions along with his honourable conduct in the civil war he was spared from the wave of royalist retributions in april 1660 fairfax was re elected mp for yorkshire in the convention parliament 24 he was put at the head of the commission appointed by the house of commons to wait upon charles ii at the hague and urge his speedy return his actions assisted the stuart restoration fairfax provided the horse which charles rode at his coronation 20 later life edit the remaining eleven years of the life of lord fairfax were spent in retirement at his seat in yorkshire his wife died in 1665 23 and fairfax died at nun appleton priory in 1671 he was buried at st james church bilbrough near york 20 writings edit fairfax had a taste for literature he translated some of the psalms and wrote poems on solitude christian warfare and the shortness of life 25 during the last year or two of his life he wrote two memorials which have been published one on the northern actions in which he was engaged in 1642 44 and the other on some events in his tenure of the chief command at york and at oxford he endeavoured to save the libraries from pillage and he enriched the bodleian with some valuable manuscripts his correspondence was edited by g w johnson and published in 1848 49 in four volumes 26 the metaphysical poet andrew marvell wrote upon appleton house to my lord fairfax nominally about fairfax s home but also his character as well as england during his era 27 family edit tomb in st james bilbrough fairfax married hon anne de vere daughter of horace vere 1st baron vere of tilbury and mary tracy on 20 june 1637 they had two daughters hon mary fairfax 30 july 1638 20 october 1704 28 who married george villiers 2nd duke of buckingham 20 and elizabeth 29 fairfax was succeeded as lord fairfax by a cousin henry fairfax 4th lord fairfax of cameron 30 analysis edit as a soldier he was exact and methodical in planning in the heat of battle so highly transported that scarce any one durst speak a word to him 31 chivalrous and punctilious in his dealings with his own men and the enemy honour and conscientiousness were equally the characteristics of his private and public character but his modesty and distrust of his powers made him less effectual as a statesman than as a soldier and above all he is placed at a disadvantage by being both in war and peace overshadowed by his associate cromwell who was politically talented and able to manipulate public antipathy against charles to lead to his execution something fairfax never wanted 20 in fiction edit fairfax played by actor dougray scott is a pivotal character in the 2003 film to kill a king 32 as well as in rosemary sutcliff s 1953 historical fiction simon being portrayed as inspiring and fair 33 he also appears as a central character in sutcliff s 1959 novel the rider of the white horse which gives an account of the early stage of the civil war from the point of view of his wife a and in howard brenton s 2012 play 55 days 34 douglas wilmer portrayed him in the 1970 ken hughes film cromwell 35 he was played by jerome willis in the 1975 historical film winstanley 36 he appears in michael arnold s novel marston moor which includes an account of fairfax s adventures in the eponymous battle 37 he was also a central character played by nigel anthony in the 1988 bbc radio production of don taylor s play god s revolution 38 notes edit 1 2 in the winter of 1642 43 parliamentary victories were few and far between one of the more notable was the capture of leeds on 23 january 1643 by parliamentary forces under the command of sir thomas fairfax the london news broadsheets published the exploits and one of them suggested that fairfax was the rider of the white horse the allegory was immediately clear to those of a puritan leaning as it was a passage in the book of revelation 19 11 and i saw heaven opened and behold a white horse and he that sat upon him was called faithful and true and in righteousness he doth judge and make war and hence implying to the puritan supporters of parliament that fairfax was a hero doing god s work hopper 2007 p 174 citations edit glickman gabriel 2008 black tom sir thomas fairfax and the english revolution by andrew hopper parliamentary history 27 3 446 448 doi 10 1111 j 1750 0206 2008 00060_2 x taylor louisa 2020 the military activities of prelates in high medieval norway scandinavian journal of history 45 3 doi 10 1080 03468755 2019 1684356 foster joseph 1874 pedigrees of the county families of yorkshire london w wilfred head cokayne g e 1890 the complete peerage vol 3 p 305 firth charles fairfax thomas 1612 1671 dictionary of national biography vol 18 pp 141 149 foster pedigrees markham clements r 1870 a life of the great lord fairfax london macmillan and co p 10 cotterill 2004 p 110 footnote 22 cites gibbs 1938 p 4 hall george 2022 thomas fairfax the forgotten leader the cromwell museum archived from the original on 16 january 2024 retrieved 16 january 2024 fairfax thomas frfs626t a cambridge alumni database university of cambridge the register of admissions to gray s inn 1521 1889 folio 851 1889 p 185 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 chisholm 1911 p 130 markham clements r 1888 the fighting veres london sampson low marston searle rivington p 439 markham 1888 1888 pp 451 452 markham 1870 1870 pp 19 23 plant 2005 sir thomas lord fairfax 1612 1671 cooke d 2004 the civil war in yorkshire fairfax versus newcastle casemate publishers p 52 isbn 1844150763 retrieved 3 august 2019 sir thomas fairfax summed up the battle of seacroft moor as the greatest loss we ever received hutchinson a 11 june 2019 a z of leeds yorkshire evening post retrieved 3 august 2019 b is for beechwood ancestral home of a leeds dynasty which has links to kate middleton and sir thomas fairfax who helped win english civil war for oliver cromwell today the mansion is used as offices but it was once the family home of the luptons stockley edward 2025 sir thomas fairfax and the politics of pain the seventeenth century 40 103 129 doi 10 1080 0268117x 2024 2433553 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 chisholm 1911 p 131 sonnet 15 fairfax whose name in arms through europe rings the poetry foundation retrieved 13 may 2026 1 2 wedgewood c v the trial of charles i 1 2 3 eales jacqueline fairfax née vere anne lady fairfax oxford dictionary of national biography online ed oxford university press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 66848 subscription wikipedia library access or uk public library membership required 1 2 3 4 helms cruickshanks 1983 fairfax reed 1909 firth 1889 p 149 marvell andrew upon appleton house to my lord fairfax luminarium retrieved 6 august 2017 mosley 2003 p 1373 tombstone retrieved 25 january 2026 henry fairfax 4th lord of cameron harrison genealogy repository retrieved 6 august 2017 chisholm 1911 p 131 quotes whitelocke to kill a king british council retrieved 22 february 2024 books by rosemary sutcliff retrieved 6 august 2017 55 days retrieved 6 august 2017 douglas wilmer the sherlock holmes society retrieved 22 february 2024 jerome willis obituary the guardian 26 january 2014 retrieved 22 february 2024 arnold michael 2015 marston moor book 6 of the civil war chronicles london hodder stoughton isbn 978 1848547643 god s revolution bbc retrieved 6 august 2017 references edit wikimedia commons has media related to thomas fairfax 3rd lord fairfax of cameron cotterill anne 2004 digressive voices in early modern english literature oxford university press p 110 isbn 978 0 19 926117 8 cites fairfax thomas reed edward bliss 1909 the poems of thomas third lord fairfax from ms fairfax 40 in the bodleian library oxford new haven conn pub under the auspices of yale university gibbs m a 1938 the lord general a life of thomas fairfax drummond p 4 helms m w cruickshanks eveline 1983 fairfax thomas 3rd lord fairfax of cameron s 1612 71 of nun appleton yorks in henning b d ed the history of parliament the house of commons 1660 1690 boydell and brewer hopper andrew 2007 black tom sir thomas fairfax and the english revolution illustrated ed manchester university press pp 174 isbn 9780719071096 mosley charles ed 2003 burke s peerage baronetage knightage vol 1 107th ed wilmington del burke s peerage p 1373 plant david 21 june 2005 sir thomas lord fairfax 1612 1671 british civil wars co uk archived from the original on 3 february 2020 retrieved 17 may 2011 better source needed attribution this article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain firth charles 1889 fairfax thomas 1612 1671 in stephen leslie ed dictionary of national biography vol 18 london smith elder co pp 141 149 this article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain chisholm hugh ed 1911 fairfax of cameron thomas fairfax 3rd baron encyclopædia britannica vol 10 11th ed cambridge university press pp 130 131 parliament of england vacant title last held by sir theobald gorges john george member of parliament for cirencester 1648 with nathaniel rich succeeded by nathaniel rich military offices new title office created commander in chief of the forces 1645 1650 succeeded by oliver cromwell captain general lord general 1645 1650 honorary titles vacant title last held by the viscount savile custos rotulorum of the west riding of yorkshire 1660 1671 succeeded by the duke of buckingham head of state of the isle of man preceded by james stanley lord of mann 1651 1660 succeeded by charles stanley peerage of scotland preceded by ferdinando fairfax lord fairfax of cameron 1648 1671 succeeded by henry fairfax v t e fairfax family first generation thomas fairfax 1st lord fairfax of cameron second generation ferdinando fairfax 2nd lord fairfax of cameron henry fairfax third generation thomas fairfax 3rd lord fairfax of cameron henry fairfax 4th lord fairfax of cameron henry fairfax fourth generation thomas fairfax 5th lord fairfax of cameron fifth generation thomas fairfax 6th lord fairfax of cameron robert fairfax 7th lord fairfax of cameron william fairfax sixth generation george william fairfax bryan fairfax 8th lord fairfax of cameron seventh generation thomas fairfax 9th lord fairfax of cameron ferdinando fairfax ninth generation donald mcneill fairfax charles fairfax 10th lord fairfax of cameron john fairfax 11th lord fairfax of cameron tenth generation albert fairfax 12th lord fairfax of cameron eleventh generation thomas fairfax 13th lord fairfax of cameron twelfth generation nicholas fairfax 14th lord fairfax of cameron fairfax family residences ash grove belvoir charlecote park denton hall gilling castle greenway court lee longsworth house leeds castle leesylvania mount eagle nunappleton oak hill towlston grange vaucluse authority control databases international isni viaf gnd fast worldcat national united states france bnf data netherlands norway poland vatican israel academics cinii people trove deutsche biographie ddb other idref open library snac retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title thomas_fairfax oldid 1377219291 categories 1612 births 1671 deaths 17th century english nobility alumni of st john s college cambridge burials in north yorkshire english military personnel of the eighty years war english people of the thirty years war english mps 1648 1653 english mps 1654 1655 english mps 1659 english mps 1660 fairfax family new model army generals roundheads lords of parliament pre 1707 lords fairfax of cameron monarchs of the isle of man parliamentarian military personnel of the english civil war people from denton north yorkshire military personnel from north yorkshire hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata use dmy dates from may 2023 use british english from october 2025 all wikipedia art...