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a meditation dhyana nididhyāsana tapas yoga asana bhakti yoga hatha yoga jnana yoga karma yoga kundalini yoga rāja yoga sādhanā sadhu yogi yogini rites of passage annaprashana antyesti chudakarana garbhadhana jatakarma karnavedha keshanta nāmakaraṇa nishkramana pumsavana simantonayana pumsavana ritushuddhi samavartanam simantonnayana upanayana vidyāraṃbhaṃ vivaha festivals diwali ganesh chaturthi holi janmashtami kumbh mela maha shivaratri navaratri durga puja ramlila vijayadashami makar sankranti new year bihu puthandu ugadi vaisakhi vishu pongal onam raksha bandhan rama navami ratha yatra vasant panchami philosophical schools six astika schools samkhya yoga nyaya vaisheshika mīmāṃsā vedanta advaita dvaita vishishtadvaita achintya bheda abheda shuddhadvaita svabhavika bhedabheda akshar purushottam darshan other schools ājīvika buddhism jainism charvaka gurus rishi philosophers ancient saptarshi vashistha kashyapa atri jamadagni gotama vishvamitra bharadwaja agastya angiras aruni ashtavakra jaimini kanada kapila patanjali pāṇini prashastapada raikva satyakama jabala valmiki vyasa yajnavalkya medieval abhinavagupta adi shankara akka mahadevi allama alvars basava chaitanya ramdas kathiababa chakradhara changdev dadu dayal eknath gangesha gaudapada gorakshanath haridasa thakur harivansh jagannatha dasa jayanta bhatta jayatirtha jiva goswami jñāneśvar kabir kanaka dasa kumārila bhaṭṭa madhusūdana sarasvatī madhvacharya matsyendranatha morya gosavi mukundraj namdev narahari tirtha narasimha saraswati nayanars nimbarkacharya srinivasacharya prabhākara purandara dasa raghavendra swami raghunatha siromani raghuttama tirtha ram charan ramananda ramanuja ramprasad sen ravidas rupa goswami samarth ramdas sankardev satyanatha tirtha siddheshwar sripada srivallabha sripadaraja surdas swaminarayan syama sastri thiruvalluvar tukaram tulsidas tyagaraja vācaspati miśra vadiraja tirtha vallabha vedanta desika vidyaranya vyasaraja modern sri aurobindo bhaktisiddhanta sarasvati bhaktivinoda thakur chandrashekarendra saraswati chinmayananda dayananda saraswati jaggi vasudev krishnananda saraswati mahavatar babaji mahesh yogi narayana guru nigamananda nisargadatta maharaj prabhupada radhakrishnan r d ranade ramakrishna rama tirtha ramana maharshi ravi shankar ramdas samarth sathya sai baba shirdi sai baba shraddhanand satyadhyana tirtha siddharameshwar maharaj sivananda saraswati trailanga u g krishnamurti upasni maharaj vethathiri maharishi vivekananda yogananda texts sources and classification of scripture śruti smṛti ācāra ātmatuṣṭi scriptures timeline of hindu texts vedas rigveda yajurveda samaveda atharvaveda divisions samhita brahmana aranyaka upanishads upanishads principal upanishads rigveda aitareya kaushitaki yajurveda brihadaranyaka isha taittiriya katha shvetashvatara maitri samaveda chandogya kena atharvaveda mundaka mandukya prashna vedangas shiksha chandas vyākaraṇa nirukta kalpa jyotisha other scriptures bhagavad gita agama s hinduism itihasas ramayana mahabharata puranas vishnu purana bhagavata purana devi bhagavata purana naradiya purana vāmana purana matsya purana garuda purana brahma purana brahmanda purana brahma vaivarta purana bhavishya purana padma purana agni purana shiva purana linga purana kūrma purana skanda purana varaha purana markandeya purana upavedas ayurveda dhanurveda gandharvaveda sthapatyaveda shastras sutras and samhitas arthashastra brahma sutras charaka samhita dharma shastra kama sutra natya shastra nyāya sūtras panchatantra pramana sutras purva mimamsa sutras ramcharitmanas samkhya pravachana sutra shilpa shastras shiva swarodaya sushruta samhita vaiśeṣika sūtra yoga sutras yoga vasistha stotras stutis and bhashya abirami antati hanuman chalisa kanakadhara stotra kanda shasti kavasam shiva stuti vayu stuti tamil literature athichudi eighteen greater texts eighteen lesser texts five great epics iraiyanar akapporul kamba ramayanam kural naalayira divya prabandham thiruvilaiyadal puranam tirumurai tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai tiruppukal vinayagar agaval other texts hindu culture and society society caste varna brahmin kshatriya vaishya shudra jāti dalit persecution adivasi untouchability gramanya by region india violence nepal bali united states dasa dvija gotra hindu art bhagavata mela bharatanatyam bommalattam carnatic music hindu iconography kai silambattam kalaripayattu kavadi aattam kathak kathakali kolattam koothu kuchipudi manipuri mayilattam mohiniyattam nritta nritya odissi pandav lila rasa sattriya yakshagana yantra hindu architecture hindu temple architecture talamana vastu shastra hindu music alankāra raga sangita shruti svara tala vadya food and diet jhatka mitahara sattvic vrata time keeping practices calendar panchangam shaka era units of time vikram samvat other society related topics discrimination persecution nationalism organisations reform movements other topics hinduism by country balinese hinduism caribbean shaktism greater india hinduism other religions hinduism and jainism and buddhism and sikhism and judaism and christianity and islam glossary outline hinduism portal v t e according to three bodies doctrine in hinduism the human being is composed of three shariras or bodies emanating from brahman by avidya ignorance or nescience 1 they are often equated with the five koshas sheaths which cover the atman 2 this doctrine is an essential doctrine in indian philosophy and religion especially yoga advaita vedanta tantra and shaivism the three bodies edit sthula sharira gross body edit see also rūpa the sthūla śarīra gross body is the material physical mortal body that eats breathes and moves acts it is composed of many diverse components produced by one s karmas actions in past lives out of the elements which have undergone panchikarana i e combining of the five primordial subtle elements it is the instrument of the jiva s experience which attached to the body and dominated by ahamkara uses the body s external and internal organs of sense and action in its waking state the jiva identifies itself with the body and enjoys gross objects on its body rests man s contact with the external world the sthula sarira s main features are sambhava birth jara old age or ageing and maranam death and the waking state the sthula sarira is the anatman sukshma sharira subtle body edit main article subtle body sukshma sharira sūkṣma śarīra or the subtle body is the body of the mind and the vital energies which keep the physical body alive together with the causal body it is the transmigrating soul or jiva separating from the gross body upon death the subtle body is composed of the five subtle elements the elements before they have undergone panchikarana 3 and contains sravanadipanchakam the five organs of perception eyes ears skin tongue and nose 4 vagadipanchakam the five organs of action speech hands legs anus and genitals 4 pranapanchakam the five fold vital breath prana respiration apana evacuation of waste from the body vyana blood circulation udana actions like sneezing crying vomiting etc samana digestion 4 manas 4 buddhi the intellect discriminating wisdom 4 other indian traditions see the subtle body as an eighth fold aggregate placing together the mind aspects and adding avidyā kama and karma buddhyadicatustayam buddhi manas citta ahamkara avidya adhyasa super imposition kama desire karma action of the nature of dharma and adharma in samkhya which does not acknowledge a causal body it is also known as the linga sarira 5 it puts one in the mind of the atman it reminds one of the atman the controller it is the beginningless limitation of the atman it has no beginning like the sthula sarira the dream state is a distinct state of the subtle body where the buddhi shines itself owing to memory of deeds done in the waking state it is the indispensable operative cause of all the activities of the individual self karana sharira causal body edit main article causal body karana sharira kāraṇa śarīra or the causal body is merely the cause 6 or seed of the subtle body and the gross body 7 it has no other function than being the seed of the subtle and the gross body it is nirvikalpa rupam undifferentiated form citation needed it originates with avidya ignorance or nescience of the real identity of the atman instead giving birth to the notion of jiva 7 swami sivananda characterizes the causal body as the beginningless ignorance that is indescribable web 1 siddharameshwar maharaj the guru of nisargadatta maharaj also describes the causal body as characterized by emptiness ignorance and darkness 4 in the search for the i am this is a state where there is nothing to hold on to anymore 4 ramanuja concludes that it is at this stage that consummation of the atman with the paramatman is reached and the search for the highest purusa i e of ishvara ends 8 according to other philosophical schools the causal body is not the atman because it also has a beginning and an end and is subject to modification 9 shankara not seeking a personal god goes beyond anandamaya kosha in search of the transcendent brahman 8 the indian tradition identifies it with the anandamaya kosha and the deep sleep state where buddhi becomes dormant and all concepts of time fail although there are differences between these three descriptions the causal body is considered as the most complex of the three bodies it contains the impressions of experience which results from past experience 10 correlations with other models edit see also two truths doctrine this section may contain original research please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations statements consisting only of original research should be removed april 2024 learn how and when to remove this message three bodies and five sheaths edit main article kosha the taittiriya upanishad describes five koshas which are also often equated with the three bodies 11 the three bodies are often equated with the five koshas sheaths 11 which cover the atman sthula sharira the gross body also called the annamaya kosha 12 sukshma sharira the subtle body composed of pranamaya kosha vital breath or energy manomaya kosha mind vijnanamaya kosha intellect 12 karana sharira the causal body the anandamaya kosha bliss 12 in indian philosophy edit yoga physiology edit the three bodies are an essential part of the yoga physiology yoga aims at controlling the vital energies of the bodies thereby attaining siddhis magical powers and moksha 13 14 atman vijnana edit according to the advaita vedanta tradition knowledge of the self or atman can be gained by self inquiry investigating the three bodies and dis identifying from them it is a method which known to have been taught by ramana maharshi nisargadatta maharaj and his teacher siddharameshwar maharaj citation needed by subsequently identifying with the three lower bodies investigating them and discarding identification with them when it has become clear that they are not the i the sense of i am beyond knowledge and ignorance becomes clearly established 15 in this investigation the three bodies are recognized as not being anatman 16 in modern culture edit theosophy edit the later theosophists speak of seven bodies or levels of existence that include sthula sarira and linga sharira liṅga śarīra also known as sukshma sharira 17 yogananda edit the guru paramahansa yogananda spoke of three bodies in his 1946 autobiography of a yogi 18 see also edit hinduism chakra kundalini mandukya upanishad buddhism namarupa skandha trikaya notes edit references edit sharma arvind 2001 07 01 classical hindu thought oxford university press isbn 978 0 19 565871 2 gaṅgeśa mohanty j n 1989 gaṅgeśa s theory of truth containing the text of gaṅgeśa s prāmāṇya jñapti vāda with an english translation explanatory notes and an introductory essay 2nd ed delhi motilal banarsidass publishers isbn 978 81 208 0618 4 potter karl h ed encyclopedia of indian philosophies vol 1 bibliography sect 1 potter karl harrington reprint ed delhi motilal banarsidass isbn 978 81 208 0308 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 siddharameshwar maharaj 2009 pp 31 32 feuerstein 1978 p 200 sharma arvind 2006 a primal perspective on the philosophy of religion dordrecht springer isbn 978 1 4020 5014 5 1 2 ādi śaṅkarācārya and swami vivekananda two advaitins with different approaches swami vivekananda 3 10 2021 doi 10 5040 9781978730151 ch 1 1 2 ranade 1926 pp 155 168 tattva bodha of adi sankaracharya a vedantic primer part 2 contd pdf sringeri vidya bharati foundation archived from the original pdf on 2019 07 12 retrieved 2026 02 17 fields gregory p 2001 religious therapeutics body and health in yoga āyurveda and tantra state university of new york press p 27 isbn 978 8120818750 1 2 śaṅkarācārya sureśvarācārya sastri alladi mahadeva 2004 the taittirīya upaniṣad with the commentaries of śrī śaṅkarācārya śrī sureśvarācārya bharatiya kala prakashan isbn 978 81 8090 052 5 1 2 3 jagadeesan j the fourth dimension sai towers publishing p 13 isbn 978 8178990927 the triune body in yoga practice himalayan institute online 2020 12 28 retrieved 2026 02 17 the 5 koshas 3 bodies meaning how to transcend more 2023 04 14 retrieved 2026 02 17 siddharameshwar maharaj 2009 pp 34 58 sri candrashekhara bharati of srngeri december 2008 sri samkara s vivekacudamani mumbai bharatiya vidya bhavan p xxi isbn 978 81 7276 420 3 hudson ed 2008 the popular encyclopedia of apologetics harvest house publishers p 471 isbn 978 0736936354 yogananda 1946 ch 43 sources edit published sources edit feuerstein georg 1978 handboek voor yoga textbook of yoga ankh hermes ranade ramachandra dattatrya 1926 a constructive survey of upanishadic philosophy mumbai bharatiya vidya bhavan sharma arvind 2006 a primal perspective on the philosophy of religion springer isbn 978 1 4020 5014 5 siddharameshwar maharaj 2009 master key to self realization in master of self realization an ultimate understanding sadguru publishing yogananda paramahansa 1946 chapter 43 autobiography of a yogi self realization fellowship web references edit swami sivananda bases of vedanta divine life society retrieved 2024 04 04 further reading edit bhajan yogi 2003 the aquarian teacher kri international king richard 1995 early advaita vedānta and buddhism the mahāyāna context of the gauḍapādīya kārikā suny press sarma chandradhar 1996 the advaita tradition in indian philosophy delhi motilal banarsidass v t e yoga subtle body three bodies five sheaths chakra nadi ida sushumna pingala prana hinduism three yogas karma yoga bhakti yoga jnana yoga and sometimes rāja yoga philosophy bhagavad gita yoga sutras of patanjali yoga vasistha yoga yajnavalkya concepts eight limbs yama niyama asana lotus position pranayama pratyahara dhāraṇā dhyana samadhi kriyā mantra pranava nada surat shabd aghor yoga mudras bandha mahamudra viparita karani list nyasa kumbhaka sama vritti shatkarmas neti dhauti nauli basti kapalabhati bhastrika trataka tapas sādhanā tantra yogi yogini siddhi mahasiddha shaiva siddhanta laya yoga ...