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tilurium wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 history toggle history subsection 1 1 pre roman 1 2 roman era 1 3 later roman 2 the site toggle the site subsection 2 1 the mosaics 3 see also 4 references 5 external links toggle the table of contents tilurium 5 languages hrvatski italiano srpskohrvatski српскохрватски slovenščina shqip edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide coordinates 43 36 41 n 16 42 57 e 43 6114 n 16 7157 e 43 6114 16 7157 from wikipedia the free encyclopedia illyrian fortified settlement of the delmatae roman military barracks tilurium was an ancient settlement and military site located at gardun above the modern town of trilj in croatia 1 originally an illyrian hill fort 2 of the delmatae tribe 3 it later became a major roman legionary fortress and continued as a fortified post into late antiquity 4 tilurium occupied a plateau on the northeast side of the cetina river ancient hippos strategically commanding the river crossing known as pons tiluri the tilurium bridge the site covered approximately 12 hectares and the modern village of gardun sits over its remains the camp was a key military centre in dalmatia 1 at first the 9th hispanic legion legio ix hispana was stationed there then the 7th roman legion legio vii claudia pia fidelis 5 at this location workshops specialized in stone masonry crafted tombstones and other monuments for the 7th legion 6 7 history edit pre roman edit tilurium s origins lie with the delmatae an illyrian tribe of the dalmatian hinterland prior to the roman conquest the delmatae built fortified hilltop enclosures oppida of which tilurium was one such illyrian fortifications were typically oval or circular and served as tribal centres or refuges in times of conflict the region around tilurium often saw warfare both intertribal and against roman incursions during the late pre roman era in 6 9 ad the great illyrian revolt bellum batonianum shook the province one of the final phases of this rebellion took place between burnum and tilurium underscoring the strategic importance of the tilurium area in resisting rome 8 the roman victory in 9 ad marked the end of organised illyrian resistance and paved the way for a permanent roman military presence at tilurium roman era edit legio ix hispana was initially stationed here after the suppression of the delmatae in 9 ad the romans integrated tilurium into their frontier defense network a permanent legionary fortress castrum was established on the gardun plateau using the site s commanding view of the cetina valley and the vital river crossing in the early 1st century ad the roman legion legio vii claudia arrived from macedonia during or soon after the illyrian revolt and built up the fortress s defenses the tropaion victory monument dates to the early imperial era after 9 ad tilurium served as the legion s base for several decades and became one of the most important military hubs in the region guarding inland routes to the heart of dalmatia and linking to the provincial capital salona via a network of roman roads 9 by the mid 1st century ad as the province stabilised rome redeployed its legions around 45 58 ad legio vii claudia was withdrawn from tilurium and sent to viminacium moesia veterans of the seventh legion were granted land north of tilurium founding the nearby colonia claudia aequum at modern čitluk near sinj after 45 ad 10 evidence from inscriptions and archaeological finds suggests that auxiliary units occupied tilurium in the ensuing decades for example inscriptions of the cohors iii alpinorum third alpine cohort attest to the presence of auxiliary troops at or near tilurium in 75 ad remains of an auxiliary fort have been found approx 550 m south of the legionary fortress on a karstic plateau above the river cetina which must have controlled the crossing 11 later roman edit as roman rule endured by the 3rd and 4th centuries the site probably functioned as a logistics station and defensive strongpoint on the road between the coast and interior archaeological finds show continued occupation into the late roman period during late antiquity tilurium was a smaller fort or castellum it was repaired or maintained to serve as a refuge against new threats as shown by coins and weapons from the reign of justinian i 527 565 ad found on site 12 the site edit the fortress of tilurium was laid out in typical roman fashion on the plateau about 339 m above sea level 13 the ramparts formed a rectangular enclosure of about 12 ha adapted to the terrain it gave a commanding view and field of fire over the surrounding valleys the fortress was oriented to control the approach to the pons tiluri bridge and the principal gate probably opened towards the south or west facing the river crossing today parts of the stone walls of the camp are still visible on the western and northern sides 1 segments of the fort s perimeter are visible including remains of corner towers and buttresses that reinforced the curtain walls the construction was of dry stone or mortared limestone using local stone excavations since 1997 have identified the layout of the main gateways of the camp while gate structures have not been completely preserved geophysical surveys and trenches have pinpointed breaks in the rampart where the porta praetoria main gate and other gates once stood an amphitheatre and bathhouse were located just south of the camp s decumanus maximus main east west road also revealed was a monumental antique building with buttresses a water cistern a building with a figural mosaic 4 as well as numerous roman artifacts including fragments of high quality ceramic and glassware various jewelry and everyday objects metal components of military gear tools and weaponry coin samples and fragmented inscriptions and sculptures 1 the camp contains part of a tropaion a monument erected after the victory over the delmatae depicting the conquered illyrians 5 the mosaics edit a building with fragments of three mosaic floors lies in the centre of the camp two older floors with smaller fragments and a later one of area almost 120 m 2 in five fragments of around 12 m 2 the mosaics date to the turn of the 1st century bc and the 1st century ad the later mosaic consists of white pink and grey black tiles forming a geometric pattern of alternating black and white squares or rhombi the central field used to feature a figure but only the rear part of a bull has been preserved consisting of white and pink tiles on a black background the two older mosaics featured blue curls on a white background and a geometric pattern of alternating rectangular fields of different colours see also edit list of ancient cities in illyria references edit 1 2 3 4 tilurium www visittrilj com retrieved 2025 04 09 the illyrians the peoples of europe by john wilkes 1996 page 190 zaninović marin july 2008 beneficiarii consularis in the territory of the delmatae contributions of institute of archaeology in zagreb 24 1 zagreb croatia institute of archaeology 181 182 issn 1330 0644 1 2 registar kulturnih dobara republic of croatia ministry of culture and media in croatian retrieved 2025 04 09 1 2 gardun hrvatska enciklopedija in croatian leksikografski zavod miroslav krleža retrieved 2025 04 09 cambi nenad 2020 05 06 salona and tilurium two interconnected stone carving centres arheološki radovi i rasprave 19 1 7 30 doi 10 21857 yvjrdclz3y issn 0570 8958 miletić željko 2013 stelae from the workshops of the 7th legion from tilurium and viminacium in croatian književni krug isbn 978 953 163 381 9 mirjana sanader et al pax romana between burnum and tilurium landscape of conflicts 2019 issn 1330 0644 institute of archaeology roman treasures to be discovered gardun tilurium near trilj https total croatia news com destinations destination split split blog tourist sites roman treasures to be discovered gardun tilurium near trilj text trilj 20has 20long 20been 20an above 2c 20not 20far 20from 20tilurium aequum čitluk croatia yugoslavia http www perseus tufts edu hopper text doc perseus text 1999 04 0006 entry aequum text the 20roman 20colonia 20claudia 20aequum enrolled 20in 20the 20tribus 20tromentina nikola cesarik roman auxiliary forts in dalmatia the case of tilurium journal of ancient history and archaeology 6 2019 issue no 2 pp 27 41 ivcevic s 2013 project tilurium roman military equipment proceedings of the xviith roman military equipment conference zagreb 2010 435 454 435 454 gardun https www enciklopedija hr clanak gardun text potom 20vii obrambenoga 20bedema 2c 20ostatci 20figuralnoga 20mozaika external links edit media related to tilurium at wikimedia commons v t e illyrians tribes albani amantes amantini ardiaei docleatai labeatae atintanians autariatae azali balaites baridustae bassanitae breuci bylliones daesitiates dalmatae tariotes daorsi dardani galabri thuantai dassaretii enchelei eneti grabaei iapodes iapygians dauni messapi peuceti mazaei narensi osseriates parthini penestae pirustae sardiatae siculotae taulantii abroi people agron anastasius i dicorus artas of messapia astius audata aurelian ballaios baraliris bardylis bardylis ii bato the breucian bato the daesitiate bato dardani bircenna caeria caius caravantius celer cleitus constantine the great constantius chlorus constantius ii cynane dando demetrius of pharos diocletian eleutherius and antia epulon etuta flavianus galaurus gentius glaucias of taulantii grabos i grabos ii gratian gratianus funarius irenaeus of sirmium jerome jovian justin i justinian i longarus marcellinus comes monounios monunius mytilos peter the patrician pinnes plator pleuratus i pleuratus ii pleuratus iii pleurias scerdilaidas sirras tacitus teuta triteuta valens valentinian i valentinian ii political entities ardiaean labeatan autariatan dardanian kingdom dassaretan enchelean illyrian kingdom taulantian geography cities settlements acruvium kotor ad acroceraunia ad quintum albanopolis amantia andetrium antipatreia apollonia arduba arnissa aspalathos split aulon bargulum bassania berat bouthoe brundisium bushat byllis chinna chrysondyon creonion damastion daorson lower neretva dardana fortress delminium desilo lower neretva dimale doclea doracium dresnik duboc dukat dyrrhachium epidamnus durrës enkelana epicaria eugenium gertus hedum castellum hija e korbit iader or idassa zadar kinna kodrion kratul lissus lezhë lofkënd lychnidus matohasanaj meteon mursa osijek nareste nikadin nikaia klos oneum oria oricum palaeste parthus pelion persqopi petra pituntium pogradec castle pola pula poslishte promona rabije ragusa rhizon romajë runik salona salvia scampa elbasan selcë e poshtme sesarethus setovia scodra shkodër thronion tilurium tragurion trogir triport tsangon ugento ulkinium ulpiana uscana vendenis zgërdhesh albanopolis culture central bosnian cultural group coinage daunian stele education fibulae glasinac mati culture gradistë belt plate monte saraceno woman pileus pottery daunian desilo messapian peucetian soleto map spectacle brooch tombs boka përçeva selca e poshtme trebeništa masks vače belt plate vače situla tattooing albanian traditional tattooing sicanje religion and mythology religion andinus bindus deipaturos zojz en medaurus perëndi prende tomorr nymphaion swastika warfare and weaponry illyrian invasion of epirus alexander s balkan campaign siege of pelium dardanian bastarnic war invasions of epidamnus illyro roman wars roman macedonian wars battles erigon valley lyncestis paxos pharos phoenice roman dalmatian wars caesar s civil war battle of dyrrhachium 48 bc batonian war desilo shipyard helmet lembus liburna sibyna sica sieges issa medion oricum language illyrian proposed vocabulary roman period illyrian emperors dioceses dacia illyricum macedonia prefectures illyricum provinces dardania delmatia epirus nova illyricum macedonia moesia superior pannonia pannonia inferior pannonia prima pannonia savia pannonia secunda pannonia superior sirmium other illyrology origin of the albanians albanian paganism history of the balkans prehistory of southeastern europe lists people tribes illyrian tribes settlements timeline category authority control databases international viaf national czech republic geographic pleiades 43 36 41 n 16 42 57 e 43 6114 n 16 7157 e 43 6114 16 7157 retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title tilurium oldid 1357299680 categories former populated places in the balkans cities in ancient illyria illyrian croatia archaeology of illyria roman fortifications in dalmatia roman province roman towns and cities in croatia hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata cs1 croatian language sources hr commons category link from wikidata pages using gadget wikiminiatlas coordinates on wikidata this page was last edited on 1 june 2026 at 21 41 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle 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