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tōnalpōhualli wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 description 2 day signs 3 gallery of day signs 4 see also 5 references 6 external links toggle the table of contents tōnalpōhualli 19 languages català čeština español euskara فارسی français עברית bahasa indonesia italiano 日本語 ქართული nāhuatl nederlands nawat português română русский українська 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia redirected from tonalpohualli aztec calendar today at utc 00 monday 5 october 2026 aztec izcalli 3 9 cōzcacuāuhtli other calendars akan kurudwo armenian 17 sahmi 1476 babylonian 22 ululu 2337 se balinese pawukon menga pasah laba keliwon paniron coma of wayang brahma dangu suka bengali 20 ashshin bs 1433 chinese yang water rat net mansion fire horse year month 8 day 25 qiufen 3 days until hanlu common era 5 october 2026 ce coptic 25 thout am 1743 egyptian 22 mechir 2775 ne ethiopian 25 maskaram 2019 amätä məhrät french republican décade ii tridi de vendémiaire de l année 235 de la république gregorian 5 october ad 2026 hebrew 24 tishrei am 5787 hindu puṣya śiva solar 19 āśvina 1948 se lunisolar daśamī kṛishna pakṣa of bhādrapada 2083 ve rāudra 5127 ky 1 872 853 icelandic mánudagur 12 haustmánuður 2026 islamic 22 rabi al thani ah 1448 using tabular method iso week date 2026 w41 1 japanese 25 hazuki reiwa 8 shūbun 3 days until kanro julian 22 september ad 2026 am 7534 julian day 2461319 korean 25 dakdal 4359 de maya 13 0 13 17 16 9 yax 9 cib roman ante diem x kalendas octobres mmdcclxxix auc solar hijri 13 mehr sh 1405 tibetan 25 khrums me pho rta 2153 or 1772 or 1000 refresh page 11 reverse from codex magliabechiano showing four day symbols of the tōnalpōhualli ce one flint knife tecpatl ōme two rain quiahuitl ēyi three flower xōchitl and nāhui four caiman crocodile cipactli with spanish descriptions above is the codex telleriano remensis folio 10r annotated to identify the day signs tonalpohualli and counts on the page this page includes the later half of a trecena starting with 6 grass 6 malinalli and ending with 13 rain 13 quiyahuitl the trecena progresses from the second row and the first column and continues to the right once it is five columns in the order it progresses downward until the fifth column and fifth row the codex telleriano remensis was produced in the sixteenth century with european influence and supplies above is the codex borbonicus folio 13 with annotations to highlight the day signs tonalpohualli within the trecena which is shown on the page the trecena begins at the bottom leftmost corner with 1 movement 1 olin and continues through the full 13 day cycle until 13 water 13 atl at the top box on the inner column each day sign is paired with their respective deity for example 2 flint is presented by chalchiuhtotolin the tōnalpōhualli nahuatl pronunciation toːnaɬpoːˈwalːi meaning count of days in nahuatl is a mexica version of the 260 day calendar in use in pre columbian mesoamerica this calendar is solar and consists of 20 13 day trecena periods each trecena is ruled by a different deity graphic representations for the twenty day names have existed among certain ethnic linguistic or archaeologically identified peoples 1 description edit tonalpōhualli calendar representation the term for the aztec day signs tōnalpōhualli comes from the root word tonal which means to give light or heat 2 a tonalli runs from one noon to the next one 3 t ōnalpōhualli refers to the count of the days made up of 20 day signs and a 260 day cycle in aztec society there were multiple intertwining calendars the tōnalpōhualli and the xiuhpōhualli which refers to the solar year of 365 days the xiuhpōhualli was divided into eighteen twenty day months and then an extra five days at the end of the cycle each day denoted by a different day sign and number the double calendars were intertwined so that every 52 years the same combination of day signs and numbers would appear again 2 the full tōnalpōhualli cycle would take place over 260 days and since each day was unique in number and symbol each had its own intrinsic meaning 4 it is likely that the root of these units comes from the human body the aztecs would count using all digits on their body consisting of the 20 day signs 5 the 260 cycle likely originated from womans gestational cycle as from the time of the first missed menstruation cycle to the time of giving birth is roughly 260 days 5 the tōnalpōhualli as aforementioned consists of twenty different day signs or trecenas which in almost all representations are accompanied with a glyph depicting its character the aztec form of writing is largely pictorial and was a semasiographic system meaning writing existed separately from spoken word 6 the glyphs were recognizable to their meaning and members of the population would understand what day it was and their current position in time 6 since the trecenas would repeat every twenty days they were accompanied by a number from 1 to 13 usually the day count was depicted by small circles next to the main glyph adding up to the juncture of that day 2 the glyphs had to be understood by the population so there is a strong level of similarity in depiction of each trecena however the day count seems to be up to the discretion of the artist 2 the first day of the 13 day cycle would be one crocodile cipactli and continue until 13 reeds acatl the next 13 day cycle would begin with one jaguar ocelotl and continue until 13 death miquiztli during this cycle the trecenas would repeat making the day eight crocodile cipactli and so forth this pattern would continue until all 20 day signs had been associated with numbers 1 through 13 the trecenas and numbers were two separate identities the day five deer mazatl did not represent there being five deer nor was there any significance to the number five other than as a defining number the five relates to the juncture of the day it comes after day 4 and before day 6 in this specific 13 day cycle 5 the 13 day cycles are subdivisions of the larger 260 day calendar and they pertain to different rituals and times of the year 7 the order of the days related to all aspects of life they dictated when was the right time to plant maize and when to harvest people felt that they would be vulnerable if the plantings and festivals did not take place on the specified days 4 the gods were also associated with different days dictating when to hold a feast in each one s honor and which god to pray to 5 for example one reed is associated with quetzalcoatl while two reeds are associated with omacatl 8 the larger rituals would be on the first half of the 13 day cycles but other important religious activities were done on specific tonalpohualli days 5 for instance the feast of the sun was held on four movement 5 most things in day to day life were dependent on the correlating tōnalpōhualli even given name when born formal names would be the day you were born for example 5 lizard cuetzpalin and this would determine the child s destiny 5 furthermore marriages were dependent on the compatibility of the couple s day signs and numbers day signs edit citation needed trecena glyph 9 spirit cardinal point 1 1 cipactli caiman or aquatic monster tōnacātēcuhtli east 2 1 ehēcatl wind quetzalcoatl north 3 1 calli house tepēyōllōtl west 4 1 cuetzpalin lizard huēhuecoyōtl south 5 1 cōātl snake chalchiuhtlicue east 6 1 miquiztli death tecuciztecatl north 7 1 mazātl deer tlāloc west 8 1 tōchtli rabbit mayahuel south 9 1 ātl water xiuhtecuhtli east 10 1 itzcuintli dog mictlāntēcutli north 11 1 ozomahtli monkey xochipilli west 12 1 malīnalli grass patecatl south 13 1 ācatl reed tezcatlipōca east 14 1 ocēlōtl ocelot or jaguar tlazōlteōtl north 15 1 cuāuhtli eagle xīpe totēc west 16 1 cōzcacuāuhtli vulture itzpapalotl south 17 1 olīn movement or earthquake xolotl east 18 1 tecpatl flint or knife chalchiuhtotolin north 19 1 quiyahuitl rain tōnatiuh west 20 1 xōchitl flower xōchiquetzal south gallery of day signs edit note that the symbols are arranged counterclockwise around the calendar stone flower rain flint earthquake vulture eagle jaguar reed grass monkey dog water rabbit deer death snake lizard house wind alligator see also edit aztec calendar aztec calendar stone aztec mythology maya calendar tzolkʼin references edit macri martha j day signs in david carrasco ed the oxford encyclopedia of mesoamerican cultures oxford university press 2001 1 2 3 4 neumann franke j 1976 the experience of time in nahuatl religion journal of the american academy of religion 44 2 255 263 doi 10 1093 jaarel xliv 2 255 issn 0002 7189 jstor 1462338 león portilla miguel time and reality in the thought of the maya 2nd ed 1 2 the aztec calendar systems rubens anu edu au retrieved 2023 04 21 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2 time the ritual calendar and divination cycles of time and meaning in the mexican books of fate university of texas press 2007 12 31 pp 13 32 doi 10 7560 712638 006 isbn 9780292795280 s2cid 240129657 retrieved 2023 04 21 1 2 hill boone elizabeth stories in red and black pictorial histories of the aztecs and mixtecs isbn 978 0 292 79184 8 oclc 1286806608 vail gabrielle hernandez christine 2013 mexican codices and mythological traditions re creating primordial time foundation rituals and mythology in the postclassic maya codices university press of colorado pp 23 43 doi 10 5876 9781607322214 c02 isbn 9781607322214 dibble charles e 1984 01 01 sahagún s tonalpohualli indiana 9 115 122 doi 10 18441 ind v9i0 115 122 issn 2365 2225 the glyphs shown are taken from the codex magliabechiano external links edit discussion of origin of the 260 day cycle archived 2008 05 30 at the wayback machine animated tōnalpōhualli archived 2010 02 12 at the wayback machine v t e calendars systems lunar lunisolar solar in wide use bengali buddhist chinese ethiopian gregorian hebrew hindu islamic śaka solar hijri in limited use akan armenian assamese assyrian baháʼí bali pawukon saka bangladeshi berber borana burmese germanic heathen georgian hmong igbo iranian jalali zoroastrian irish islamic fasli tabular jain japanese javanese korean kurdish lithuanian maithili malayalam mandaean manipuri meitei melanau minguo mizo lushai mongolian nepali nepal sambat yele sambat nanakshahi nisg̱a a odia punjabi romanian shona somali sesotho slavic slavic native faith macedonian sundanese tamil thai lunar solar tibetan tripuri tulu vietnamese vikram samvat wicca xhosa yoruba zulu types runic mesoamerican long count calendar round christian variants coptic ethiopian and eritrean julian revised liturgical year eastern orthodox saints historical arabian attic aztec tōnalpōhualli xiuhpōhualli babylonian bulgar byzantine cappadocian celtic cham culāsakaraj coligny egyptian enoch florentine french republican germanic greek inca juche macedonian maya haabʼ tzolkʼin muisca pentecontad pisan qumran rapa nui roman rumi sexagenary soviet swedish turkmen by specialty astronomical darian martian dreamspell new age fiscal holocene anthropological iso week proleptic gregorian proleptic julian historiographical pataphysical unix time reform proposals hanke henry permanent international fixed pax positivist symmetry454 world displays and applications electronic perpetual wall year naming and numbering terminology era epoch leap year new year regnal name regnal year year zero systems ab urbe condita anka year anno domini common era anno lucis anno martyrum anno mundi assyrian before present chinese imperial discordian english and british regnal year hijri year japanese korean nirayana system samvatsara seleucid sexagenary spanish yugas satya treta dvapara kali vietnamese fictional discworld discworld greyhawk dungeons dragons middle earth the lord of the rings stardate star trek list of calendars category retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title tōnalpōhualli oldid 1370457609 categories aztec calendars specific calendars obsolete calendars nahuatl words and phrases hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles containing latin language text articles containing classical nahuatl language text pages with nahuatl languages ipa articles containing spanish language text all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from april 2016 webarchive template wayback links this page was last edited on 21 august 2026 at 05 41 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents tōnalpōhualli 19 languages add topic